ICU患者下呼吸道菌群与 呼吸机相关性肺炎相关性分析

目的研究ICU患者下呼吸道菌群与呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的相关性。方法选择2017年1月-2017年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院ICU治疗的患者199例。采用自行设计的调查表研究患者基本资料,检测患者血液、痰液、支气管肺泡灌洗液和胸腔积液中病原体分布。结果 ICU患者VAP发病率为34.17%。VAP平卧位患者比例和机械通气时间超过5d的患者比例明显高于非VAP患者(P=0.000)。VAP患者鲍曼不动杆菌(P=0.000)、肺炎克雷伯杆菌(P=0.000)、铜绿假单胞菌(P=0.000)、阴沟肠杆菌(P=0.039)、金黄色葡萄球菌(P=0.000)、表皮葡萄球菌(P=0.000)、草绿色链球菌(P=0.039)、肠球菌(P=0.039)和白假丝酵母菌(P=0.018)的检测率明显高于非VAP患者。VAP患者发病与病原微生物分布相关:鲍曼不动杆菌(r=0.3274)、肺炎克雷伯杆菌(r=0.3274)、金黄色葡萄球菌(r=0.2975)和白假丝酵母菌(r=0.2371)与VAP发生存在相关性。结论 ICU患者容易发生VAP,病原体以革兰阴性菌为主,其次是革兰阳性菌,第三位是真菌,ICU患者VAP发病率随机械通气时间增加而增加,平卧位患者的VAP发病率更高。     

过敏性鼻炎患者鼻腔菌群特征及其 与血清IgE和黏膜嗜酸性粒细胞水平的关系

目的探究过敏性鼻炎(AR)患者鼻腔菌群特征及其与血清IgE和黏膜嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)水平的关系。方法选取2019年3月至6月在首都医科大学北京友谊医院平谷医院诊断及治疗的AR患者28例作为过敏性鼻炎组,选取同时期体检的健康个体28例作为对照组,检测两组患者鼻腔微生物特征,同时对比两组血清IgE及粘膜Eos%,使用Pearson相关性分析探究各指标间的相关性。结果两组样本微生物构成存在显著差异,样本PCA1及PCA2分别为27.67%及14.23%,过敏性鼻炎组链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜血杆菌属、梭杆菌属、差异球菌属、变形菌门的相对丰度显著高于对照组,对照组痤疮丙酸杆菌、放线菌门、丙酸杆菌属、气球菌属、棒杆菌属、嗜胨菌属的相对丰度显著高于过敏性鼻炎组(Ps0.05),过敏性鼻炎组IgE水平(Z=6.005,P=0.000)及Eos%(t=10.776,P=0.000)显著高于对照组,变形菌门与IgE水平呈显著正相关(r=0.391,P=0.017),痤疮丙酸杆菌与IgE(r=-0.421,P=0.009)及Eos%(r=-0.328,P=0.048)呈显著负相关。结论 AR患者鼻腔变形菌门、痤疮丙酸杆菌分别与IgE水平、鼻粘膜Eos水平具有相关性。     

支气管鼻病毒感染与哮喘患儿发病的相关性

目的:探讨支气管鼻病毒感染与哮喘患儿发病的相关性。方法:选择2012年8月至2015年3月在医院治疗的45例哮喘急性发作期患儿为哮喘发作组和45例哮喘缓解期患儿为哮喘缓解组,并选择同期40例健康体检儿童作为正常组;采用PCR法对鼻病毒基因进行检测以判定患儿感染,采用全血细胞分析仪测定外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数,采用化学发光免疫分析仪测定血清总免疫球蛋白E(T-IgE),对T-IgE与EOS进行相关性分析。结果:哮喘发作组鼻病毒感染14例占31.11%,明显高于对照组0例占0.00%和哮喘缓解组3例占6.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),而哮喘缓解组鼻病毒感染率较对照组无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。哮喘发作组和哮喘缓解组血清T-IgE与EOS明显高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而哮喘发作组血清T-IgE与EOS明显高于哮喘缓解组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。哮喘发作组鼻病毒感染患儿血清T-IgE与EOS明显高于非鼻病毒感染患儿,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。正常组患儿血清T-IgE与EOS无相关性(r=0.325,P0.05);哮喘发作组血清T-IgE与EOS正相关性(r=0.736,P0.05);哮喘缓解组血清T-IgE与EOS正相关性(r=0.613,P0.05);哮喘发作组鼻病毒感染患儿血清T-IgE与EOS无相关性(r=0.316,P0.05),非鼻病毒感染患儿血清T-IgE与EOS正相关性(r=0.674,P0.05)。结论:鼻病毒感染与儿童哮喘的严重程度有关,且患儿的血清T-IgE越高,越容易发生鼻病毒感染,导致哮喘病情加重。     

孟鲁司特钠联合左卡巴斯汀鼻喷剂治疗小儿过敏性鼻炎的疗效评价及对血清ECP、EOS及CRP水平的影响

目的:探讨孟鲁司特钠联合左卡巴斯汀鼻喷剂治疗小儿过敏性鼻炎的疗效及对血清嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响。方法:选择我院2016年7月～2018年7月收治的151例过敏性鼻炎患儿,按随机数字表法分为69例对照组和82例观察组,对照组采用左卡巴斯汀鼻喷剂治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合孟鲁司特钠治疗,比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后症状及体征评分,生活质量评分,血清ECP、EOS及CRP、总免疫球蛋白E(TIg E)和特异性免疫球蛋白E(Sig E)水平,和不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组症状及体征评分,生活质量评分,血清ECP、EOS及CRP、总免疫球蛋白E(TIg E)和特异性免疫球蛋白E(Sig E)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组以上指标均下降,观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组均有胃肠道反应、口干、头痛发生,组间总不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:孟鲁司特钠联合左卡巴斯汀鼻喷剂治疗小儿过敏性鼻炎安全有效,能够降低血清ECP、EOS及CRP水平,促进患儿恢复。     

慢性肾病患者肠道菌群特征及与 微炎症因子水平的相关性

目的 探究慢性肾病(CKD)患者肠道菌群特征及与微炎症因子水平的相关性。方法 选取2018年6月至2018年12月在莆田学院附属医院诊断及治疗的CKD患者25例(CKD组)和健康体检者25例(对照组),对两组研究对象进行肠道微生物检测,同时比较两组研究对象炎症因子水平,应用Pearson模型探究患者肠道微生态特征与炎症因子水平的相关性。结果 CKD组与对照组研究对象的肠道菌群构成具有显著差异,其中对照组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、产甲酸草酸杆菌、草酸杆菌属、草酸杆菌科和普拉梭菌相对丰度高于CKD组,CKD组克雷伯菌属、大肠埃希菌属、肠杆菌科、瘤胃菌科、毛螺菌科、梭杆菌属和拟杆菌目相对丰度高于对照组,CKD组患者的IL-6、TNF-α、CRP和LPa水平显著高于对照组(t=3.876、4.177、2.236、3.354,P=0.000、0.000、0.030、0.002),Pearson相关性分析显示,双歧杆菌与IL-6、TNF-α水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.272、-0.482,P=0.009、0.002),乳杆菌与IL-6、LPa水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.438、-0.384,P=0.005、0.014),普拉梭菌与TNF-α水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.407,P=0.009),瘤胃菌科与IL-6、CRP水平呈明显正相关(r=0.477、0.508,P=0.002、0.001)。结论 CKD患者肠道菌群与健康人群存在明显差异,其中益生菌水平与炎症因子呈负相关,瘤胃菌科与炎症因子呈明显的正相关。     

肠易激综合征患者肠道灌洗液菌群特点

目的探讨肠易激综合征(IBS)患者肠道灌洗液菌群特点及其临床意义。方法选择2018年10月至2019年10月我院收治的87例肠易激综合征患者为病例组,选择同期我院健康体检者87例为对照组,比较两组对象肠道灌洗液菌群分布,比较不同类型及不同严重程度肠易激综合征患者肠道灌洗液菌群失调情况。采用Spearman相关分析肠易激综合征患者肠道灌洗液菌群失调与疾病类型、症状严重程度的相关性。结果病例组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、双歧杆菌与肠杆菌数量之比(B/E值)显著低于对照组(t=8.097、8.370、8.255,均P0.001),而肠球菌、肠杆菌数量显著高于对照组(t=11.577、8.424,均P0.001)。不同类型肠易激综合征患者I度、Ⅲ度肠道灌洗液菌群失调比例差异具有统计学意义(t=30.548、19.145,均P0.001),而不同类型肠易激综合征患者Ⅱ度肠道灌洗液菌群失调比例差异无统计学意义(t=2.435,P=0.296)。不同严重程度肠易激综合征患者Ⅰ度、Ⅲ度肠道灌洗液菌群失调比例差异有统计学意义(t=8.460、14.872,均P0.001),而不同严重程度肠易激综合征患者Ⅱ度肠道灌洗液菌群失调比例差异无统计学意义(t=0.923,P=0.631)。肠易激综合征患者肠道灌洗液菌群失调与疾病类型、症状严重程度具有显著相关性(r=0.452、0.586,均P0.001)。结论肠易激综合征患者存在肠道灌洗液菌群失调情况,不同疾病类型及症状严重程度的患者肠道灌洗液菌群失调情况存在明显差异,临床可根据其肠道灌洗液菌群变化情况给予针对性治疗。     

变应性鼻炎患者血清IL-17和IL-17R表达及其与IgE的相关性

目的:探讨变应性鼻炎患者血清中IL-17及其受体的表达,及其与血清中总IgE的关系.方法:采用酶联免疫法检测51例健康志愿者(对照组)和37例变应性鼻炎患者(实验组)血清中IL-17,IL-17R及IgE的含量.结果:与对照组相比,变应性鼻炎患者血清IL-17,IL-17R及IgE的含量均明显升高.IL-17与变应性鼻炎患者血清中IgE成正相关(r=0.9678,P＜0.05),而IL-17R与IgE无明显相关性.结论:IL-17和IL-17R均参与变应性鼻炎的发病过程,可作为诊断变应性鼻炎的新指标,且降低IL-17的含量有助于变应性鼻炎的临床治疗.     

支气管哮喘豚鼠肺泡灌洗液中炎症细胞γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶的表达

目的探讨支气管哮喘豚鼠肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中炎症细胞γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γ-GCS)的表达。方法38只健康雄性豚鼠随机分为对照组(A组)、哮喘组(B组)和地塞米松治疗组(C组),卵蛋白致敏法复制哮喘模型,收集BALF,行细胞计数和分类。离心,上清液行谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)浓度测定,细胞涂片行免疫细胞化学和原位杂交,检测γ-GCS蛋白和mRNA。结果B组嗜酸性粒细胞数(EOS)比例高于A组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);γ-GCS免疫细胞化学B组A值最低,三组差异有统计学意义(P=0.047);γ-GCS原位杂交B组A值最低,三组差异有统计学意义(P=0.022);B组BALF中EOS比例与γ-GCS mRNA表达(A值)(r=-0.727,P=0.017)呈负相关;BALF中GSH和MDA浓度在三组间差别无统计学意义。结论哮喘组豚鼠抗氧化能力下降,抗氧化能力下降可能与炎症反应有关,糖皮质激素治疗有效。     

呼出气一氧化氮检测在哮喘-慢阻肺重叠综合征中的临床应用

目的:探讨哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome,ACOS)患者呼出气一氧化氮浓度(FENO)的变化情况及与一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、血嗜酸性粒细胞(eosnophil,EOS)及超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitivity C reactive protein,hs-CRP)的关系。方法:选取上海第九人民医院2016年1月~2016年12月呼吸内科病区收治的ACOS患者30例及无肺部疾病的健康的体检人群20例分别作为实验组和对照组。治疗前后分别检测和比较两组FENO、FEV1值、EOS及血清hs-CRP水平的变化。结果:治疗前,实验组FENO、hs-CRP及EOS水平显著高于对照组(P值分别为0.0081,0.0263及0.0078),FEV1%水平显著低于对照组(P=0.0047)。治疗后,两组间FENO、hs-CRP及EOS水平变化无显著差异(P值分别为0.2614,0.1347及0.2431),而实验组FEV1%水平仍显著低于对照组(P=0.0469)。实验组在治疗前后FENO、hs-CRP及EOS水平均显著下降(P值分别为0.0027,0.0427,0.0031),而FEV1%变化无显著差异(P=0.1427)。在治疗前后,FENO水平与hs-CRP水平呈正相关(γ=0.7392,P=0.0168;γ=0.7214,P=0.0248),与血EOS水平亦呈正相关(γ=0.8782,P=0.0072;γ=0.7642,P=0.0231)。而FENO水平与FEV1%在治疗前后无相关性(P0.05)。结论:ACOS患者气道内存在嗜酸性粒细胞相关性慢性炎症,短期静脉糖皮质激素治疗可缓解其气道内炎症。ACOS患者FENO水平与血EOS、血清hs-CRP水平有显著相关性,可用于辅助评估ACOS患者静脉糖皮质激素疗效。     

甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯经鼻致敏建立羊变应性鼻炎模型

目的旨在建立鼻腔宽敞的大型动物变应性鼻炎模型,初步探讨其实用性。方法①南江黄羊4只行鼻部解剖,记录鼻腔解剖学参数。②南江黄羊12只,8只为模型组,15%甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）橄榄油溶液滴鼻致敏,4只为对照组,使用橄榄油液。记录建模过程中黄羊症状体征评分,建模完成后测定黄羊鼻腔灌洗液组胺含量并行鼻黏膜组织病理学检查。③将建模成功的黄羊随机分为A组（布地奈德治疗组）和B组（生理盐水对照组）,记录治疗前后症状体征评分变化,评价该模型对药物治疗的反应。结果①黄羊鼻腔宽敞,鼻腔解剖结构与人类极其相似。②TDI致敏后,与对照组相比,模型组8只黄羊均出现典型变应性鼻炎症状体征,鼻腔灌洗液中组胺含量明显增高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;组织病理学检查见黄羊鼻黏膜下组织水肿,血管扩张,固有层内散在或灶性以嗜酸性粒细胞为主的炎症细胞浸润。③布地奈德治疗组症状体征评分下降,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论成功建立大型动物变应性鼻炎模型,不但可用于研究药物疗效,还可用于判定新的物理和手术治疗安全性及有效性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.