不同温度下成骨细胞增殖及其OPG/RANKL mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨不同温度下对小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1的增殖以及OPG/RANKL表达水平的影响。方法:1.以小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1为体外实验模型,MTT法检检测细胞的增殖情况。2.RT-PCR方法检测MC3T3-E1OPG/RANKL mRNA的表达水平。结果:设定对照组为37℃,高于对照组(38℃-39℃-40℃-41℃-42℃)分别作用于MC3T3-E1细胞1小时/天,连续1周,可刺激细胞增殖,OD值显著增加(P<0.05)。同时可增加OPG mRNA表达,降低RANKL mRNA表达,呈温度梯度依赖性。结论:热刺激促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖,同时通过调节OPG/RANKL mRNA的表达,直接促进骨形成,抑制骨吸收。     

仙灵骨葆对骨质疏松大鼠OPG/RANK/RANKL 表达的影响

目的:观察仙灵骨葆治疗骨质疏松模型大鼠后,对大鼠体内OPG/RANKL/RANK表达的影响。方法:卵巢摘除法建立SD大鼠骨质疏松模型,设立假手术组、对照组(单纯去卵巢组)、雌激素组(给予17β-雌二醇)和治疗组(给予仙灵骨葆)。术后1周开始给药,给药12周后检测各组大鼠股骨骨密度,ELISA法检测血清中OPG/RANKL含量,RT-PCR检测骨组织中OPG/RANK/RAN-KL mRNA表达,免疫组化检测骨组织中RANK的表达。结果:对照组大鼠骨密度显著低于假手术组;治疗组和雌激素组大鼠O-PG表达显著高于对照组,RANK及RANKL的表达显著低于对照组。结论:采用卵巢摘除法成功建立大鼠骨质疏松模型;仙灵骨葆可促进骨质疏松大鼠OPG的表达,并抑制RANK及RANKL的表达,对骨质疏松模型大鼠有治疗作用。     

胰岛素对2型糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠血清与骨OPG、RANKL表达的影响

目的:探讨胰岛素对2型糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠血清及骨OPG(osteoprotegerin)、RANKL(OPG receptor activator nuclear factork B)表达水平的影响。方法:以高脂高糖饲料喂养4周同时饮用3%果糖水导致胰岛素抵抗小鼠,再以小剂量链脲佐菌素(30mg/kg)腹腔注射1次,2周后诱导建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型。对照组动物则给予正常饲料及饮用水进行喂养。模型建立成功后,对模型2组大鼠进行胰岛素治疗,分别采用OPG和RANKLelisa试剂盒对正常动物模型和糖尿病动物模型血清和骨组织中OPG,RANKL含量进行比较分析,采用血糖分析仪对不同组动物的血糖进行比较分析,采用骨密度分析仪对动物的骨密度进行分析,了解高血糖对于骨密度及血清,骨组织中OPG,RANKL含量的影响以及胰岛素对高血糖骨质疏松造成的结果的影响。结果:相较于正常组大鼠,模型组大鼠血清及髂骨中OPG、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、髂骨密度表达显著下调(P0.05),而RANKL表达显著上调(P0.05),胰岛素处理的模型大鼠血清及骨中OPG含量较模型组大鼠显著升高,血清及骨组织中RANKL表达显著下调(P0.05)。结论:胰岛素能够显著降低2型糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠血清及骨组织中RANKL的表达,显著上调OPG的表达。     

羌活地黄汤含药血清对兔关节软骨细胞增值及RANKL mRNA的影响

目的:观察羌活地黄汤含药血清对软骨细胞增值及RANKL mRNA(receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand)表达的影响.方法:采用血清药理学和体外培养兔关节软骨细胞的方法,通过MTS/PMS系统检测羌活地黄汤含药血清对软骨细胞增殖的影响以及采用实时荧光定量PCR检测软骨细胞RANKL mRNA表达变化.结果:羌活地黄汤含药血清对体外培养的兔关节软骨细胞有促进增殖的作用,与实验对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),羌活地黄汤含药血清组RANKL mRNA表达量低于同一时间节点的实验时照组.结论:羌活地黄汤含药血清能促进体外培养的软骨细胞增殖,同时能抑制软骨细胞RANKLmRNA的表达.     

1,25-(OH)2D3对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨密度及OPG、RANKL表达的影响

目的:探讨1,25-(OH)2D3对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨密度及OPG、RANKL表达的影响。方法选取6月龄雌性SD大鼠32只,随机分4组;空白组正常饲养,模型组制备去卵巢骨质疏松模型,假手术组按照模型组的流程给予开腹和缝线刺激,干预组在制备去卵巢骨质疏松模型的基础上给予1,25-(OH)2D3灌胃。分别于造模前后测定各组大鼠股骨BMD,并在造模最后一天取大鼠外周血和脊髓组织,采用Western Blotting检测OPG和RANKL的蛋白表达水平。结果:造模前,各组大鼠的体重和BMD无统计学差异(P0.05);造模后,与对照组相比,模型组大鼠体重显著升高,BMD显著降低;与模型组相比,干预组大鼠体重显著降低,BMD显著升高;各项组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,模型组OPG蛋白表达水平显著降低,假手术组无显著差异;与模型组相比,干预组大鼠OPG蛋白表达水平显著升高;RANKL变化趋势与OPG相反,且各项组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.001)。结论:1,25-(OH)2D3能够改善雌激素降低引发的OPG/RANKL平衡失调,提高去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠的骨密度。     

OPG/RANK/RANKL系统与骨质疏松研究最新进展

骨质疏松是严重威胁中老年人健康的骨科常见病,OPG/RANK/RANKL是参与调节骨重建的最重要的分子系统之一,与骨疾病相关的骨质疏松有密切联系,并已成为药物设计的新靶点.因此,对该系统的深入研究将为骨生理、病理机制阐明及骨疾病防治带来积极影响.     

黄芩苷对慢性萎缩性胃炎模型鼠OPG/RANKL轴的影响

摘要 目的：探讨黄芩苷对慢性萎缩性胃炎模型鼠OPG/RANKL轴的影响。方法：将建模成功的大鼠(n=42)平分为三组-模型组、雷尼替丁组与黄芩苷组,黄芩苷组灌胃6.3 g/kg体重的黄芩苷溶液(5 mg?kg^-1),雷尼替丁组灌胃6.3 g/kg体重的雷尼替丁生理盐水溶液(150 mg?kg^-1),模型组灌胃与同容积的生理盐水,记录不同时间点OPG/RANKL轴表达变化情况。结果：雷尼替丁组与黄芩苷组治疗后2 w与4 w的体重高于模型组(P<0.05),黄芩苷组高于雷尼替丁组(P<0.05)。雷尼替丁组与黄芩苷组治疗后2 w与4 w的胃黏膜组织评分低于模型组(P<0.05),黄芩苷组低于雷尼替丁组(P<0.05)。雷尼替丁组与黄芩苷组治疗后2 w与4 w的血清NO与SOD含量高于模型组(P<0.05),黄芩苷组高于雷尼替丁组(P<0.05)。雷尼替丁组与黄芩苷组治疗后2 w与4 w的胃窦组织OPG、RANKL蛋白相对表达水平高于对照组,黄芩苷组高于雷尼替丁组(P<0.05)。结论：黄芩苷治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎模型鼠能激活OPG/RANKL轴,提高血清NO与SOD含量,能减少胃黏膜组织损伤,提高大鼠体重。     

基于OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路探讨铁筷子对CIA大鼠骨破坏的防护作用

目的 探讨铁筷子对胶原诱导性关节炎(collagen induced arthritis, CIA)模型大鼠的抗炎作用及对OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路的影响。方法 雌性Wistar大鼠60只分为：正常组、模型组、阳性药物组(甲氨蝶呤,MTX)、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组。采用胶原抗体诱导法于大鼠尾根部注射牛Ⅱ型胶原蛋白建立CIA大鼠模型,模型建立成功后进行灌胃给药,正常组：给予10 mL/(kg·d)生理盐水;模型组：给予10 mL/(kg·d)生理盐水;阳性药物组每次给予2.0 mL/(kg·d) MTX,每周3次;铁筷子低、中、高剂量组每次分别给予0.25 g/(kg·d)、 0.5 g/(kg·d)、1.0 g/(kg·d);连续灌胃治疗25 d。通过记录大鼠体重;观察大鼠足肿胀程度;大鼠踝关节炎指数评分;micro-CT观察踝关节骨组织病理改变;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色对大鼠踝关节骨组织和滑膜病理变化;抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色法检测观察破骨细胞数量的改变;PCR检测骨保护素(OPG)、核因子-κB受体激活剂(RANK)、RANK配体(RANKL)、肿瘤坏死因...     

入伍新训中膝关节损伤的特点与防治研究

目的：通过对某部新入伍官兵训练中膝关节损伤发生原因、特点进行流行性病学调查和分析,为合理训练,预防损伤发生和 治疗相关伤病提供指导依据。方法：对某部2013 年度450 名新入伍官兵的训练伤发病情况进行统计分析,重点分析膝关节损伤 发生率、伤病类型和致伤原因,并对其严重者进行关节镜治疗,观察和分析术后随访效果。结果：某部新兵的训练伤发生率为 20.0%。以关节急性扭伤最为多见,占81.1%。其中膝关节损伤共发生32 例,占训练伤发病率为7.1%,占训练伤发病率43.8%,其 中膝关节周围肌肉损伤20 例、交叉韧带损伤1 例、半月板损伤9 例、侧副韧带损伤2 例。致伤率最高的前3 位科目是5000 米负 重跑、跨越障碍训练、格斗训练,共27 例,占膝关节训练伤总数的84.4%。所有受伤患者中,12 例行手术治疗,20 例给予石膏、支具 固定、休息等保守治疗。经随访所有患者均得到较好的功能恢复。结论：对于新兵膝关节训练伤预防工作非常重要,避免致残;关 节镜手术技术的进步对于膝关节军事训练伤治疗有良好的效果。     

膝关节限位矫形器对膝关节韧带损伤术后的康复作用

目的:观察膝关节限位矫形器在膝关节韧带损伤术后康复中的作用.方法:对52例膝关节韧带损伤患者应用膝关节限位矫形器辅助康复训练,进行康复评估.结果:52例患者配戴膝关节限位矫形器后均未发生严重并发症,术后随访10～24个月,平均(15.25±3.76)个月,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为78～93分,平均(81.23±5.82)分.国际膝关节文件编制委员会(IKDC)综合评定由术前显著异常(D级)26膝,改进为随访时正常(A级)8膝、接近正常(B级)14膝、异常(C级)4膝.结论:膝关节韧带损伤患者术后配戴膝关节限位矫形器对膝关节活动度、稳定性和整体功能康复均具有明显促进作用.     

OPG、RANK、RANKL的结构、作用机制和在骨疾病中的作用

破骨细胞和成骨细胞分别介导骨的吸收过程和合成过程,而OPG、RANK、RANKL在调节二者的比例中发挥非常重要的作用.RANKL与RANK结合后可能通过三种途径:JNK途径、NF-κB途径和蛋白激酶B途径参与破骨细胞的分化,促进骨质的吸收;RANKL与OPG结合后能阻断RANKL与RANK的结合,由于缺乏RANKL-RANK产生的转录活化信号,破骨细胞分化成熟发生障碍,骨质的吸收受到抑制.OPG、RANK、RANKL同时也是免疫分子,在淋巴细胞、淋巴器官的分化、发育中起重要的作用,骨疾病与免疫系统之间存在着一定的关系.RANMKL/RANK与RANKI/OPG在生物体内保持着一定的比率,如果比率失衡,就会引起各种骨疾病.本篇综述总结了近年来OPG、RANK、RANKL结构、作用的新进展以及它们在骨疾病中的作用.     

脑外伤对大鼠骨折愈合过程中OPG/RANKL表达的影响

目的研究股骨骨折合并脑外伤大鼠骨痂中骨保护素（OPG）和核因子-KB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）的表达变化,探讨脑外伤对骨折愈合的影响及作用机制。方法48只雌性SD大鼠随机分成骨折合并脑外伤组和单纯骨折组,每组24只。建立大鼠开放骨折及脑外伤模型,术后7、14、21、28d4个时间点分批处死动物,标本切片后通过HE染色观察骨折愈合情况,免疫组织化学染色研究OPG和RANKL的表达变化。结果HE染色示单纯骨折组呈典型骨折愈合过程,而骨折合并脑外伤组骨痂形成及改造提前,骨折愈合加速。免疫组织化学染色显示OPG在骨折合并脑外伤组表达增强,术后各时间点OPG平均光密度值（OD值）均高于同一时间点单纯骨折组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。RANKL在骨折合并脑外伤组表达变化不显著,其OD值仅术后21d1个时间点高于单纯骨折组（P〈0.05）。骨折合并脑外伤组术后各时间点OPG与RANKL OD值的比值均高于同一时间点单纯骨折组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论脑外伤对骨折愈合有促进作用,可能与合并脑外伤后OPG和RANKL表达变化有关。     

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL expression and distribution in developing human craniomandibular joint

During embryogenesis the bone tissue of craniomandibular joint (CMJ) is formed through two pathways: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. The development process is under the control of regulatory factors.The osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand are key regulators of osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study is the localization of OPG and RANKL mRNA and protein in the foetal CMJ by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). The main results were: OPG and RANKL mRNA and protein were co-localized in the same cell types; OPG and RANKL were specially immunolocated in osteogenic cells; immunolabeling was often seen in the nucleus and cytoplasm of otherwise negative hypertrophic chondrocytes; IHC and ISH labeling decreased from proliferative to hypertrophic chondrocytes; early osteocytes showed dual protein expression and some of the mature osteocytes were ISH-negative; periosteal osteoclasts and chondroclasts were mostly stained by IHC and variably labeled by ISH; the new bone matrix and trabecular borders showed intense immunolabeling. The co-expression of OPG and RANKL in the same bone cell types confirms their strictly coupled action in the regulation of bone metabolism in the CMJ development and their extracellular presence in the new bone matrix and trabecular borders suggests a local regulatory role.     

Functions of RANKL/RANK/OPG in bone modeling and remodeling

The discovery of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the mid 1990s for the regulation of bone resorption has led to major advances in our understanding of how bone modeling and remodeling are regulated. It had been known for many years before this discovery that osteoblastic stromal cells regulated osteoclast formation, but it had not been anticipated that they would do this through expression of members of the TNF superfamily: receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), or that these cytokines and signaling through receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) would have extensive functions beyond regulation of bone remodeling. RANKL/RANK signaling regulates osteoclast formation, activation and survival in normal bone modeling and remodeling and in a variety of pathologic conditions characterized by increased bone turnover. OPG protects bone from excessive resorption by binding to RANKL and preventing it from binding to RANK. Thus, the relative concentration of RANKL and OPG in bone is a major determinant of bone mass and strength. Here, we review our current understanding of the role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in bone modeling and remodeling.     

Changes in RANKL/OPG/RANK gene expression in peripheral mononuclear cells following treatment with estrogen or raloxifene

The RANKL/OPG/RANK pathway is the key mediator of osteoclastogenesis. Mononuclear cells may be implicated in post-menopausal osteoporosis. The effect of estrogen or raloxifene on bone resorption and the expression of RANKL/OPG/RANK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined. Twenty-nine women with post-menopausal osteoporosis were treated with estrogen (HRT) or raloxifene for 12 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline and at 12 months at the spine and hip. Serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and OPG were measured at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. PBMCs were isolated from 17 women and changes in RANKL, OPG and RANK mRNA were determined. The effects of estrogen or raloxifene in PBMCs in vitro were also assessed. BMD increased following treatment (lumbar spine % change mean [S.E.M.]: 4.3% [0.9], p<0.001). Serum CTX decreased (6 months: -43.7% [6.0], p<0.0001). Serum OPG declined gradually (12 months: -26.4% [4.4], p<0.001). RANKL, OPG and RANK gene expression decreased (6 months: RANKL 50.0% [24.8] p<0.001, OPG: 21.7% [28] p<0.001, RANK: 76.6% [10.2] p=0.015). Changes in OPG mRNA correlated with changes in BMD (r=-0.53, p=0.027) and CTX (r=0.7, p=0.0044). Down-regulation in RANKL, OPG, RANK mRNA and reduction in bone resorption was also seen in vitro. These results suggest that the expression of RANKL/OPG/RANK in PBMCs are responsive to the slowing in bone turnover/remodeling associated with treatment with estrogen or raloxifene. Further confirmatory studies are needed.     

钛颗粒对小鼠颅骨OPG/RANKL mRNA及蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察钛颗粒对小鼠颅骨中OPG/RANKL mRNA及其蛋白表达的影响,探讨关节置换术后骨溶解的发生机制。方法:取成年BALB/C小鼠40只,随机分为假手术组、钛颗粒低剂量组、钛颗粒中剂量组及高剂量组,每组10只。除假手术组外,其余各组分别将钛颗粒15、30、60 mg涂抹于小鼠颅骨表面后缝合切口。8周后取颅骨组织及外周血,运用real-time PCR及ELISA技术测定OPG/RANKL基因及蛋白表达情况。结果:与假手术组相比,钛颗粒低剂量组外周血中OPG蛋白表达及颅骨组织中OPG mRNA的表达均显著上升(P0.01),外周血中RANKL蛋白表达降低,但无统计学差异,颅骨组织中RANKL mRNA表达无显著差异;中剂量组及高剂量组外周血中OPG蛋白表达显著降低(p0.01),RANKL蛋白表达显著升高(P0.01),OPG mRNA表达显著降低(P0.01),RANKL mRNA表达显著升高(P0.01)。低中高三种不同剂量钛颗粒组组间相比,外周血中OPG、RAKNL蛋白及颅骨组织中其mRNA表达均存在明显差异(P0.01),高剂量组对OPG、RANKL蛋白及mRNA表达的影响更显著。结论:钛颗粒可以改变OPG/RANKL的mRNA及蛋白表达量,这可能是其导致关节置换术后体骨溶解进而产生松动的原因之一。     

Imbalance of RANK,RANKL and OPG expression during tibial fracture repair in diabetic rats

To clarify the mechanisms of altered bone repair in the diabetic state, we investigated RANK, RANKL and OPG expression by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in the fracture sites of rats that were either healthy or made diabetic by alloxan. Histomorphometric analysis of the fracture site at 7 days after fracture revealed that diabetic rats (db) have significantly less hard tissue formation at the fracture site, compared to controls. The number of RANK, RANKL and OPG positive cells was decreased in the db group; however, the RANKL/OPG ratio was similar in controls and db at this time. At day 14, numbers of RANKL and OPG positive cells and the mRNA expression for these markers were higher in the control group than in db (P = 0.008). The RANKL/OPG ratio in the db group was greater than in controls. Our results demonstrate an imbalance of RANKL/OPG expression associated with diabetes that may contribute to the delay of fracture repair during the course of diabetes.