甘蓝型油菜若干农艺性状与单株产量的关系分析

以38个甘蓝型油菜品种为材料,对单株产量、有效分枝部位高度、主轴花序长度等11个农艺性状进行了方差分析、通径分析和聚类分析．结果显示:所有调查性状在品种间存在显著的差异;主花序长度、主序有效角果数与单株产量都有显著的遗传相关性,两者都通过有效分枝部位高度对单株产量产生较大的正向间接作用;有效分枝部位高度对单株产量的影响也较显著,高产品种具有相对较高的有效分枝部位高度;总角果数对单株产量的直接遗传通径系数虽小,但它具有最大的直接表型通径系数,它通过主序有效角果数和有效分枝数对单株产量产生了两个较大的间接作用;要获得3130kg/hm~2的产量,重点应具备果多、枝多的特征,总角果数不少于657个,有效分枝数不少于18个．     

菜用大豆产量相关性状的遗传分析

对 19个菜用大豆品种与产量有关的10个农艺性状进行遗传分析的结果表明,生育期和主茎节数遗传力偏高;单株荚数、分枝数遗传力偏低;单株产量、单株荚数的遗传变异系数很大,其遗传进度的值也较大;生育期的遗传变异系数小, 遗传进度也小,遗传相关分析结果表明,产量与生育期、单株结荚数相关关系密切。菜用大豆遗传参数分析结果与前人对食用大豆的研究结果趋势一致。     

播种季节和种植方式对多年生苦荞主要农艺性状的影响

该研究选取六个多年生苦荞新品系,对春季、秋季直播与秋季再生其主要农艺性状进行调查。结果表明:(1)不同播种季节对多年生苦荞新品系主花序的花粉可育率、总结实率、有效结实率、植株株高、主茎粗、主茎分枝数、主茎节数、籽粒百粒重、单株粒数、单株产量的影响均达到显著或极显著水平;秋播主花序花粉可育率、总结实率、有效结实率、植株主茎分枝数、籽粒百粒重、单株粒数、单株产量均极显著高于春播;植株株高、主茎粗、主茎节数均极显著低于春播;主花序花朵大小、籽粒种子长宽比无显著差异。(2)不同种植方式对主花序花粉可育率、有效结实率、植株主茎节数及籽粒百粒重的影响达到显著或极显著水平;秋季再生主花序花粉可育率、籽粒单株粒数显著高于秋季直播;主花序有效结实率、植株主茎粗、主茎节数、籽粒百粒重显著低于秋季直播;主花序花朵大小、总结实率、植株株高、主茎分枝数、籽粒种子长宽比、单株产量无显著差异;相关分析表明,各生长季节下主花序有效结实率及单株粒数与单株产量的相关系数均最高。(3)所有参试品系中,1612-241秋季直播的单株产量显著高于其他品系; 1612-16、1612-33秋季再生单株产量较正季优势显著。该研究结果有助于筛选出适宜一季播种两季收获的优良品系,为今后多年生苦荞的选择育种提供线索基础。     

甘蓝型油菜数量性状遗传变异的研究

本试验采用单因素遗传设计,连续两年分别研究了42个和50个稳定遗传的甘蓝型油菜品种22个数量性状的平均表现和遗传变异,结果表明,开花期、株高、分枝高度、着粒密度、每果粒数、千粒重、一次分枝数、总角果数、单株产量和含油量的表现受大环境的影响较大。开花期、果长、千粒重、主花序长度的遗传力高,总角果数、单株产量、着果密度、分枝高度、每果粒数的遗传力较低。随着芥酸含量的降低,开花期延迟,主花序变短,主花序角果数减少。无芥酸品种的总角果数和单株产量显著低于有芥酸品种。中国的高芥酸品种具芥酸含量显著高于国外的高芥酸品种。     

绿豆5个产量相关性状的QTL分析

利用绿豆(Vigna radiata)品种苏绿16-10和潍绿11杂交构建的F2和F3群体发掘调控绿豆产量相关性状的遗传位点。同时对绿豆产量相关性状进行表型鉴定和相关性分析,并利用构建的遗传连锁图谱进行QTL定位。结果表明,单株产量与单株荚数、单荚粒数、百粒重和分枝数均呈正相关。单株产量与单株荚数的相关性最高,这2个性状在F2和F3群体中的相关系数分别为0.950和0.914。在F2群体中,共检测到8个与产量性状相关的QTL位点,其中与单株荚数、单荚粒数和单株产量相关的QTL位点各1个,分别解释11.09%(qNPP3)、17.93%(qNSP3)和14.18%(qYP3)的表型变异;2个与分枝数相关的QTL位点qBMS3和qBMS11,分别解释18.51%和7.06%的表型变异;3个与百粒重相关的QTL位点qHSW3、qHSW7和qHSW10,分别解释5.33%、46.07%和4.24%的表型变异。在F3群体中,qNSP3和qHSW7再次被检测到,表明这2个QTLs有较好的遗传稳定性。同时,开发了1个与百粒重主效QTLqHSW7紧密连锁的InDel标记R7-13.4,并利用自然群体对...     

不同遗传背景下杂交籼稻功能叶与产量构成因素的相关

为明确水稻功能叶与产量构成因素间的相关性,以不同遗传背景下籼稻的10个不育系和16个恢复系为亲本,按照NCII设计配制两套双列杂交组合,对水稻12个功能叶性状与8个产量性状构成因素进行了相关分析,结果表明：3片功能叶叶长与叶面积、剑叶宽、倒2叶宽等性状之间均存在极显著正相关,功能叶夹角之间也存在极显著正相关,但不同遗传背景对夹角性状与9个形态性状之间的相关性则存在明显差异,在第一套组合中,其相关系数均为负值,且相关均不显著;而第二套组合则相反。8个产量构成因素中,单株穗数与平均穗长、着粒密度、穗实粒数以及穗着粒数之间存在极显著负相关,平均穗长与穗着粒数、结实率与单株产量呈显著或极显著正相关,遗传背景对产量组成上有较大影响,在第一套组合中单株产量主要由结实率、单株穗数以及穗实粒数等性状决定,而在第二套中则主要由穗实粒数和结实率等性状决定。在功能叶与产量构成因素的相关中,功能叶叶长、叶面积、剑叶宽、倒2叶宽与着粒密度、穗实粒数以及穗着粒数等3个性状之间存在显著或极显著正相关。12个水稻功能叶性状与8个产量构成因素之间的主成分分析表明,在不同的遗传背景下,产量构成因素均主要受叶面积和叶夹角影响,两种不同遗传背景中其累积贡献率分别为69.8%和84.0%。     

矮生菜豆种子产量及其有关性状的遗传分析

为了明确矮生菜豆种子产量与有关性状的 相互关系,我们对10个品种7个性状的遗传参 数进行了分析,研究各性状对种子产量的相对 重要性,为品种选育提供依据。     

不同遗传背景下杂交籼稻功能叶与产量构成因素的相关性

为明确水稻功能叶与产量构成因素间的相关性,以不同遗传背景下籼稻的10个不育系和16个恢复系为亲本,按照NCII设计配制两套双列杂交组合,对水稻12个功能叶性状与8个产量性状构成因素进行了相关分析,结果表明：3片功能叶叶长与叶面积、剑叶宽、倒2叶宽等性状之间均存在极显著正相关,功能叶夹角之间也存在极显著正相关,但不同遗传背景对夹角性状与9个形态性状之间的相关性则存在明显差异,在第1套组合中,其相关系数均为负值,且相关均不显著;而第2套组合则相反。8个产量构成因素中,单株穗数与平均穗长、着粒密度、穗实粒数以及穗着粒数之间存在极显著负相关,平均穗长与穗着粒数、结实率与单株产量呈显著或极显著正相关,遗传背景对产量组成上有较大影响,在第1套组合中单株产量主要由结实率、单株穗数以及穗实粒数等性状决定,而在第2套中则主要由穗实粒数和结实率等性状决定。在功能叶与产量构成因素的相关中,叶长、叶面积、剑叶宽、倒2叶宽与着粒密度、穗实粒数以及穗着粒教等3个性状之间存在显著或极显著正相关。12个水稻功能叶性状与8个产量构成因素之间的主成分分析表明,在不同的遗传背景下,产量构成因素均主要受叶面积和叶夹角影响,两种不同遗传背景中其累积贡献率分别为69．8％和84．0％。     

巨桉家系主要产量性状遗传相关分析

遗传相关分析表明,巨桉家系各性状间相关极显著,胸径与材积的遗传相关比树高与材积之间的遗传相关更密切。遗传相关系数大于表型相关系数,以遗传相关系数进行间接选择较科学。通径分析进一步揭示,胸径是构成巨桉单株材积的最主要因素。     

红花单株花产量选择指数的研究

本试验用9个栽培红花品种为材料,进行单株花产量选择指数的研究。结果表明,通过分枝高或株 高两性状进行相关选择可有效提高单株花产量。分枝高、单株有效果球数、开花期是决定单株花产量选 择效果的3个关键性状,综合选择时必须加以考虑。无效分枝数亦是影响单株花产量的重要因素之一, 选择时应予重视。用株高、分枝高、单株粒数、单株有效果球数、开花期、无效分枝数6个性伏组成的选 择指数对单株花产量进行选择的效果最好。用该选择指数对9个参试品种评审结果表明,张掖无刺为 最佳花用型品种,B-54为最差的低产花用品种。     

Correlations and heritability of the characters determining the seed yield of the long-raceme alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Phenotypic correlation coefficients and heritability of the characters controlling seed yield of long-raceme forms of alfalfa was determined. It was found that seed yield per plant, which was positively correlated with 10 out of 12 analysed characters, depended upon the number of pods per raceme and the number of seeds per pod. Variability of these characters determined about 60% of the variability of seed yield. Multiple linear regression and phenotypic correlations show that simultaneous selection for increased pod number per raceme and increased seed number per pod and raceme length resulted in enhanced seed yield potential. The share of the additive genetic effects in the phenotypic variance for number of pods per raceme was low and about 21-23%, while for number of seeds per pod and per raceme amounted to about 50%. The expected genetic progress in recombination breeding for number of seeds per pod and number of seeds per raceme will be of medium magnitude, while one cannot expect any rapid and considerable progress in the number of pods per raceme. Considering the high positive correlation between raceme length and number of pods and seeds per raceme, one should conclude that raceme length can be an important criterion in selection of plants showing a high seed productivity.     

Genetic analyses of agronomic and seed quality traits of synthetic oilseedBrassica napus produced from interspecific hybridization ofB. campestris andB. oleracea

The heritability, the number of segregating genes and the type of gene interaction of nine agronomic traits were analysed based on F₂ populations of synthetic oilseedBrassica napus produced from interspecific hybridization ofB. campestris andB. oleracea through ovary culture. The nine traits—plant height, stem width, number of branches, length of main raceme, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, length of pod, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight—had heritabilities of 0.927, 0.215, 0.172, 0.381, 0.360, 0.972, 0.952, 0.516 and 0.987 respectively, while the mean numbers of controlling genes for these characters were 7.4, 10.4, 9.9, 12.9, 11.5, 21.7, 20.5, 19.8 and 6.4 respectively. According to estimated coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of the traits tested, no significant gene interaction was found for plant height, stem width, number of branches, length of main raceme, number of seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight. Seed yield per plant is an important target for oilseed production. In partial correlation analysis, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight were positively correlated with seed yield per plant. On the other hand, length of pod was negatively correlated (r = -0.69) with seed yield per plant. Other agronomic characters had no significant correlation to seed yield per plant. In this experiment, the linear regressions of seed yield per plant and other agronomic traits were also analysed. The linear regression equation wasy = 0.074x₈ + 1.819x₉ + 6.72x₁₂ -60.78 (R ² = 0.993), wherex ₈, x₉ and x₁₂ represent number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight respectively. The experiment also showed that erucic acid and oil contents of seeds from F₂ plants were lower than those of their maternal parents. However, glucosinolate content was higher than that of the maternal plants. As for protein content, similar results were found in the F₂ plants and their maternal parents. It was shown that the four quality traits, i.e. erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil content, and protein content, had heritability values of 0.614, 0.405, 0.153 and 0.680 respectively.     

Physical restriction of pods causes seed size reduction of a brassinosteroid-deficient faba bean (Vicia faba)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A brassinosteroid-deficient mutant faba bean (Vicia faba 'Rinrei') shows dwarfism in many organs including pods and seeds. 'Rinrei' has normal-sized seeds together with dwarf seeds, suggesting that dwarfism in the seed may be indirectly caused by brassinosteroid deficiency. The mechanism of seed size reduction in this mutant was investigated. METHODS: The associations between seed orientation in the pod, seed numbers per pod and pod lengths with seed sizes were analysed in 'Rinrei' and the wild-type plant. KEY RESULTS: 'Rinrei' seeds are tightly arranged in pods containing two or three seeds. Seed size decreased as the number of seeds per pod increased or as the length of the pod decreased. Where no physical restriction occurred between seeds in a pod, the wild-type faba bean seeds had a nearly constant size regardless of seed number per pod or pod length. 'Rinrei' seeds in pods containing single seeds were the same size as wild-type seeds. Brassinolide treatment increased the seed size and the length of pods containing three seeds in 'Rinrei'. CONCLUSION: Seed size of 'Rinrei' is mainly regulated through a reduction of pod length due to brassinosteroid deficiency; physical restriction within pods causes a reduction in seed size. These results suggest a possible mechanism for increasing faba bean yields to optimal levels.     

Phenotypic variation in the agronomic and morphological traits of Pisum sativum L. germplasm obtained from different parts of the world

A total of 286 genotypes were collected from 39 countries of the world and were evaluated to determine the phenotypic diversity for 17 quantitative traits. Higher degree of coefficient of variation were recorded for grain yield(-5) (52.46%), biomass(-5) (45.73%), fresh pod width(-10) (47.24%), dry pod weight(-1) (40.33%), plant height(-1) (35.25%), harvest index (32.70%) and number of branches(-5). Cluster-II clearly reflected that late genotypes were having lightest pods weight, shortest pod width, and pod length; low grain yield, biomass and harvest index. While genotypes in Cluster-III were in contrast to Cluster-II having heaviest pods weight, longest pods width and length, highest grain yield, biomass and harvest index. Higher PC(-1) values have been determined for days to flower initiation which consequently were contributing weighed positive to days to pods picking, days to flower completion, days to dry pod appearance, days to plant harvesting while negatively contributed to yield producing traits, indicating that late flowering pea germplasm emphasizes more on the vegetative growth and was low yielding. However, higher PC(-2) values have been obtained for number of branches(-5), grain yield and biomass while lower values for days to flowering, days to pods picking, days to flower completion, days to dry pod appearance and days to plant harvesting confirming the fact that early genotypes were high yielding.     

适宜河北省旱寒区的冬油菜品种的筛选

筛选适宜河北省低平原地区种植的油菜品种,同时实现生态效益和经济效益,为相似气候区油菜品种的种植选择及种植结构的调整提供理论依据。以16个油菜品种为材料,对品种间农艺性状的变化进行方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析。各品种间分枝部位存在差异,变异系数为61.82%,品种JR5分枝部位最低,14T×38最高;其次差异较为明显的是产量和二次分枝数,变异系数分别为26.69%和24.89%,14T×38产量最高,20SY-13最低。二次分枝数最大和最小的品种分别为20SY-13和天油142。油菜产量与一次分枝数和主花序角果数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),株高与分枝部位、主花序长度和主花序角果数呈显著正相关关系,一次分枝数与主花序角果数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),二次分枝数与主花序角果数呈极显著负相关。当欧式距离为5时,16个油菜品种可分为五大类。选择株高较高、一次分枝数和主花序角果数较多、二次分枝数较少且可以在当地正常越冬的油菜品种进行种植,可以获得较高水平产量;20SY-13在当地秋季种植应注意安全越冬。     

小豆品种形态特征研究及综合评价

对30个小豆品种的11个形态性状进行了因子分析及聚类分析。结果表明,11个形态性状的变异系数在5.66%~26.38%之间,最大的为主茎分枝,最小的为荚长;将11个形态性状简化成生育期因子、单株荚数因子和粒重因子3个相互独立的主因子,这3个主因子提供了原始性状81.574%的信息;经综合评价优劣排序,来源于唐山本地的2个品种排在前2位,来自东北的材料位居最后;经聚类分析,30个小豆品种划分为4大类群,类群的划分与材料的地理来源有着密切的联系。因此在育种过程中,应把主茎分枝、单株荚数和生育后期作为首要目标性状进行选择,同时兼顾百粒重、株高等性状,选育出综合性状优良的新种质。     

THE POLLINATION REQUIREMENT OF THE FIELD BEAN (VICIA FABA)

Many of the flowers on field bean plants fail to produce pods even when fully pollinated. When insect pollination is prevented pod production on the lowest inflorescences, which normally produce most pods, is reduced but a compensatory increase on the upper ones ensures a moderate yield. This change in the distribution of pods may be a useful indication of insufficient pollination.     

Inheritance of seed protein content and other agronomic characters in long bean (Vigna sesquipedalis Fruw.)

Summary Seven varieties of long bean, which included three local and four exotic, were crossed in a complete diallel. This was an attempt to study the inheritance of crude protein content, protein yield, flowering date, pod yield and yield components.Both additive and non-additive gene effects were responsible for the genetic variation in the diallel population. However, dominance variance was more important than additive variance in crude protein content, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod. For seed weight and pod length, additive variance was more important.The crude protein content, protein yield and number of pods per plant appeared to be controlled by overdominance effects. Partial dominance seemed to be the case for flowering date, pod length and seed weight; complete to overdominance for pod yield. High protein appeared to be associated with recessive genes whereas there was a general trend of high yielding parents carrying more dominant genes.     

The response of determinate and semi-determinate faba bean varieties to different sowing dates in the spring

Field trials conducted during 1986 and 1987 at the University of Nottingham compared the growth and development of two varieties of faba bean, Alfred and Ticol, in response to three different dates of sowing in the spring. Grain yields were greater the earlier the crop was sown. This difference was attributed to the larger canopy size, especially at the pod-filling stage of the earlier sown crops. This probably reflected the influence of temperature on the expansion and senescence of leaves during development. A semi-determinate variety of faba bean, Alfred, yielded 31% more than a determinate variety, Ticol. This difference was not attributable to any particular yield component. In 1986, it was correlated with pods per podding node and in 1987 with the number of seeds per pod. Three reasons can be advanced to explain this greater yield. Firstly, Ticol branched more than Alfred and so a greater proportion of its total reproductive nodes were borne on the branches rather than the mainstem. Branches were shown to be inferior in terms of yield production. Secondly, it was demonstrated that Ticol was probably less able to transfer stored assimilates from the stem to the developing pod than Alfred. Thirdly, Alfred had a larger canopy during pod development than Ticol.