对虾白斑综合症病毒囊膜蛋白VP19的融合表达及其抗病毒感染作用

根据GenBank上WSSV囊膜蛋白基因vp19的序列,设计并合成引物,PCR扩增得到vp19基因并克隆到pGEM‐T载体中,经过BamHⅠ/HindⅢ酶切、连接并将vp19插入到pET32b表达载体中。用重组质粒pET32b-vp19转化大肠杆菌Origam(iDE3)pLysS,在IPTG诱导下,融合蛋白Trx-VP19以可溶性的形式得到表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测显示其分子量与预期的大小相符合。目的蛋白经Ni2 柱纯化并定量后分别直接注射鳌虾和包被饲料投喂鳌虾。实验结果表明注射Trx-VP19可以提高鳌虾个体抗WSSV感染力的作用。     

对虾白斑综合症病毒囊膜蛋白VP28的表达及其抗病毒感染作用

根据GenBank上WSSV囊膜蛋白基因vp28的序列,设计并合成引物,PCR扩增得到vp28基因,成功构建重组表达载体pET22b-vp28并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3).基因工程菌株37℃IPTG诱导,表达产物经Western-blot和SDS-PAGE检测显示有与预期大小32kDa相符合的目的蛋白.用Ni2+-柱纯化的目的蛋白分别直接注射螯虾和包被饲料投喂螯虾,实验结果表明vp28在大肠杆菌中的表达产物有显著提高虾体抗WSSV感染力的作用,而且注射效果更好.     

对虾白斑综合症病毒囊膜蛋白VP28的表达及其抗病毒感染作用

根据GenBank上WSSV囊膜蛋白基因vp28的序列,设计并合成引物,PCR扩增得到vp28基因,成功构建重组表达载体pET22b-vp28并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。基因工程菌株37℃IPTG诱导,表达产物经Western-blot和SDS-PAGE检测显示有与预期大小32kDa相符合的目的蛋白。用Ni2 -柱纯化的目的蛋白分别直接注射螯虾和包被饲料投喂螯虾,实验结果表明vp28在大肠杆菌中的表达产物有显著提高虾体抗WSSV感染力的作用,而且注射效果更好。     

白斑综合症病毒囊膜蛋白VP19、VP28的融合表达及中和抗体的制备

根据GenBank上WSSV囊膜蛋白基因vp19和vp28的序列,设计并合成两对引物,PCR扩增得到vp19和vp28两基因,大小分别为370bp和630bp.通过EcoRI位点连接两基因,再按正确的阅读框插入表达载体pET-22b(+)中,构建出重组表达载体pET-vp(19+28)并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3).基因工程菌株35℃IPTG诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE检测显示有与预期大小41kDa相吻合的融合蛋白带.用Ni2+-柱纯化的基因工程蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗血清,进行螯虾活体中和病毒实验,结果表明抗血清对WSSV的中和效率达到了100%.     

白斑综合症病毒囊膜蛋白VP19、VP28的融合表达及中和抗体的制备

根据GenBank上WSSV囊膜蛋白基因vp19和vp28的序列,设计并合成两对引物,PCR扩增得到vp19和vp28两基因,大小分别为370bp和630bp。通过EcoRI位点连接两基因,再按正确的阅读框插入表达载体pET-22b( )中,构建出重组表达载体pET-vp(19 28)并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。基因工程菌株35℃IPTG诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE检测显示有与预期大小41kDa相吻合的融合蛋白带。用Ni^2 -柱纯化的基因工程蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗血清,进行螯虾活体中和病毒实验,结果表明抗血清对WSSV的中和效率达到了100％。     

鲤鱼生长激素和对虾白斑病毒囊膜蛋白VP28的融合表达及功能研究

鲤鱼生长激素GH是鲤鱼生长腺体分泌并促进鲤鱼生长的一种分泌蛋白.对虾白斑综合病毒(WSSV)VP28蛋白为囊膜蛋白,是病毒感染宿主的必需因子.根据gh和vp28的上下游序列,分别设计合成两对引物,PCR扩增gh和vp28基因,将基因gh和vp28按先后次序融合后插入穿梭质粒pPIC6αC多克隆位点,构建成重组分泌表达穿梭质粒pPIC6αC-(gh vp28),用Bstx1单酶切穿梭质粒pPIC6αC-(gh vp28)线形化,转化毕赤酵母X-33.重组菌株30℃甲醇诱导,实现在酵母中的融合分泌表达,获得融合蛋白.表达产物经SDS-PAGE检测和Western Blot印迹鉴定,显示与预期大小66kD相吻合的融合蛋白带.用Ni2 -柱纯化后的基因工程蛋白注射鳌虾进行蛋白生物功能测试,结果表明该蛋白获得了促鳌虾生长和抗WSSV感染的双重功效.     

对虾白斑综合征病毒的细胞因子受体基因的分析与表达

在对虾白斑综合征病毒(White spot syndrome virus,WSSV)的基因组中发现一个具有细胞因子受体特征的开放阅读框,该阅读框全长2022个核苷酸,编码674个氨基酸,蛋白质理论分子量为76kDa.该基因含有真核生物细胞因子gpl30受体特征序列.为了研究该基因的功能,采用PCR方法从病毒基因组中扩增出基因片段,克隆到pGEM-T Easy载体中,经BamH I和Sal I双酶切后插入pET28b表达载体中.重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21中,IPTG诱导后,经SDS-PAGE电泳表明在76kDa处有目的蛋白表达.用冰浴超声波对诱导后的菌液进行处理以获得初步纯化的蛋白,作为抗原人工免疫实验兔子以获得含特异性抗体的抗血清.该基因的表达成功,为其功能的进一步深入研究奠定了基础.     

人微小病毒3个主要蛋白基因真核表达载体的构建

目的:分别克隆人细小病毒B19三个主要蛋白VP1、VP2、NS1全长基因,构建真核表达载体。方法:利用PCR和分子克隆技术,分别将B19病毒vp1、vp2、ns1基因全长片段扩增后,构建带荧光标签的真核表达载体;在人体细胞中表达并通过荧光、RT-PCR和Western Blot、测序等方法鉴定。结果:成功构建了包含B19病毒vp1、vp2、ns1全长基因,并在人体细胞中表达了VP1、VP2、NS1蛋白。结论:人微小病毒B19三个主要蛋白基因得到克隆和表达,为进行相关的研究奠定了基础。     

分选酶A在pET32a(+)原核表达载体中的表达和鉴定

旨在pET32a(+)原核表达载体中表达金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)中的转肽酶分选酶(SrtA)并进行鉴定.以含有pET22-srtA质粒为模板,设计并合成引物,PCR扩增得到SrtA△N24和SrtA△N59基因,经过BamH Ⅰ、Xho Ⅰ酶切,克隆入表达载体pET32a(+)中,构建重组载体pET32a-SrtA△N24及pET32a-SrtA△N59,并转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3).经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达后用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting对表达产物分别进行分析和鉴定.然后对重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的表达条件进行了优化.结果显示重组载体pET32a-SrtA△N24和pET32a-SrtA△N59分别表达出相对分子量为约42 kD和37 kD的融合蛋白,经SDS-PAGE和Westem blotting检测显示其分子量与预期的大小相符合.成功构建了重组质粒pET32a-SrtA△N24和pET32a-SrtA△N59,并且在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得了高效融合表达.     

对虾白斑综合征病毒囊膜蛋白VP110 N端结构特征、原核表达及检测

VP110为对虾白斑综合征病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV)的囊膜蛋白。相似性分析发现,VP110与昆虫DNA病毒经口感染关键因子PIF2具同源性,且同源区主要位于N端150~600aa。同时两者均在N端前端含一个跨膜区。为了研究VP110 N端保守区的功能,将vp110 N端基因(Svp110,450~1 830 bp)克隆至p ET-16b及p GEX-4T1原核表达载体中,同时分别在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)、Rosetta 2菌株中优化表达条件,诱导VP110 N端蛋白(s VP110)表达。实验结果表明,重组质粒p ET-16b-Svp110在37℃1 mmol/L IPTG条件下可得到表达,但16℃下表达量很低。而重组质粒p GEX-4T1-Svp110则在16℃下得到较高表达。同时,Rosetta 2菌株的表达量高于BL21(DE3)。该研究表明Rosetta 2菌株更适合作为WSSV结构蛋白的表达,同时VP110在不同载体中的表达受温度的影响。VP110 N端蛋白的表达为VP110的功能研究打下了基础。     

Haemocyte reactions in WSSV immersion infected Penaeus monodon

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has been a major cause of shrimp mortality in aquaculture worldwide in the past decades. In this study, WSSV infection (by immersion) and behaviour recruitment of haemocytes is investigated in gills and midgut, using an antiserum against the viral protein VP28 and a monoclonal antibody recognising haemocytes (WSH8) in a double immunohistochemical staining and in addition transmission electron microscopy was applied. More WSH 8(+) haemocytes were detected at 48 and 72 h post-infection in the gills of infected shrimp compared to uninfected animals. Haemocytes in the gills and midgut were not associated with VP28-immunoreactivity. In the gills many other cells showed virus replication in their nuclei, while infected nuclei in the gut cells were rare. Nevertheless, the epithelial cells in the midgut showed a clear uptake of VP28 and accumulation in supranuclear vacuoles (SNV) at 8h post-infection. However, epithelial nuclei were never VP28-immunoreactive and electron microscopy study suggests degradation of viral-like particles in the SNV. In contrast to the gills, the midgut connective tissue shows a clear increase in degranulation of haemocytes, resulting in the appearance of WSH8-immunoreactive thread-like material at 48 and 72 h post-infection. These results indicate recruitment of haemocytes upon immersion infection in the gills and degranulation of haemocytes in less infected organs, like the midgut.     

Replication of the Shrimp Virus WSSV Depends on Glutamate-Driven Anaplerosis

Infection with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) induces a metabolic shift in shrimp that resembles the “Warburg effect” in mammalian cells. This effect is triggered via activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, and it is usually accompanied by the activation of other metabolic pathways that provide energy and direct the flow of carbon and nitrogen. Here we show that unlike the glutamine metabolism (glutaminolysis) seen in most cancer cells to double deaminate glutamine to produce glutamate and the TCA cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), at the WSSV genome replication stage (12 hpi), although glutaminase (GLS) expression was upregulated, only glutamate was taken up by the hemocytes of WSSV-infected shrimp. At the same time, we observed an increase in the activity of the two enzymes that convert glutamate to α-KG, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT). α-ketoglutarate concentration was also increased. A series of inhibition experiments suggested that the up-regulation of GDH is regulated by mTORC2, and that the PI3K-mTORC1 pathway is not involved. Suppression of GDH and ASAT by dsRNA silencing showed that both of these enzymes are important for WSSV replication. In GDH-silenced shrimp, direct replenishment of α-KG rescued both ATP production and WSSV replication. From these results, we propose a model of glutamate-driven anaplerosis that fuels the TCA cycle via α-KG and ultimately supports WSSV replication.     

Protection of Shrimp Penaeus monodon from WSSV Infection Using Antisense Constructs

White spot syndrome caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most threatening diseases of shrimp culture industry. Previous studies have successfully demonstrated the use of DNA- and RNA-based vaccines to protect WSSV infection in shrimp. In the present study, we have explored the protective efficacy of antisense constructs directed against WSSV proteins, VP24, and VP28, thymidylate synthase (TS), and ribonucleotide reductase-2 (RR2) under the control of endogenous shrimp histone-3 (H3) or penaedin (Pn) promoter. Several antisense constructs were generated by inserting VP24 (pH3–VP24, pPn–VP24), VP28 (pH3–VP28, pPn–VP28), TS (pH3–TS, pPn–TS), and RR2 (pH3–RR2) in antisense orientation. These constructs were tested for their protective potential in WSSV infected cell cultures, and their effect on reduction of the viral load was assessed. A robust reduction in WSSV copy number was observed upon transfection of antisense constructs in hemocyte cultures derived from Penaeus monodon and Scylla serrata. When tested in vivo, antisense constructs offered a strong protection in WSSV challenged P. monodon. Constructs expressing antisense VP24 and VP28 provided the best protection (up to 90 % survivability) with a corresponding decrease in the viral load. Our work demonstrates that shrimp treated with antisense constructs present an efficient control strategy for combating WSSV infection in shrimp aquaculture.     

WSSV: VP26 binding protein and its biological activity

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the major causes of disease in the shrimp culture industry causing enormous economic losses. In this study, we displayed peptides from a cDNA library obtained from the hemolymph of shrimp infected with WSSV, on the surface of phage and screened for the peptides that interacted with the WSSV. One WSSV binding protein (WBP) gene was found to consist of 171 bp that had no matches in the NCBI database. This WBP was shown to bind to the VP26 protein of the WSSV by Western blotting. In addition, WBP reduced the binding of WSSV to shrimp haemocytes from 2.0 × 10(7)copies in the control to 6.0 × 10(2) after treatment with 80 μg of WBP. The survival rate of shrimp after WSSV were mixed with WBP at 80 μg, was 89% and the binding of WBP remained unchanged for at least 24h. Therefore, the results indicate that the WBP can bind to VP26 and inhibit the invasion of WSSV into host cells. This finding may introduce another future way to try to fight this disease in shrimp culture.     

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) interaction with crayfish haemocytes

WSSV particles were detected in separated granular cells (GCs) and semigranular cells (SGCs) by in situ hybridisation from WSSV-infected crayfish and the prevalence of WSSV-infected GCs was 5%, whereas it was 22% in SGCs. This indicates that SGCs are more susceptible to WSSV and that this virus replicated more rapidly in SGCs than in GCs and as a result the number of SGCs gradually decreased from the blood circulation. The effect of haemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS), containing the degranulation factor (peroxinectin), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the Ca(2+) ionophore A23187 on GCs from WSSV-infected and sham-injected crayfish was studied. The results showed that the percentage of degranulated GCs of WSSV-infected crayfish treated with HLS or PMA was significantly lower than that in the control, whereas no significant difference was observed when treated with the Ca(2+) ionophore. It was previously shown that peroxinectin and PMA have a degranulation effect via intracellular signalling involving protein kinase C (PKC), whereas the Ca(2+) ionophore uses an alternative pathway. HLS treatment of GCs and SGCs from WSSV-infected crayfish results in three different morphological types: non-spread, spread and degranulated cells. The non-spread cell group from both GCs and SGCs after treatment with HLS had more WSSV positive cells than degranulated cells, when detected by in situ hybridisation. Taken together, it is reasonable to speculate that the PKC pathway might be affected during WSSV infection. Another interesting phenomenon was that GCs from non-infected crayfish exhibited melanisation, when incubated in L-15 medium, while no melanisation was found in GCs of WSSV-infected crayfish. However, the phenoloxidase activities of both sham- and WSSV-injected crayfish in HLS were the same as well as proPO expression as detected by RT-PCR. This suggests that the WSSV inhibits the proPO system upstream of phenoloxidase or simply consumes the native substrate for the enzyme so that no activity is shown. The percentage of apoptotic haemocytes in WSSV-infected crayfish was very low, but it was significantly higher than that in the sham-injected crayfish on day 3 or 5 post-infection. The TEM observation in haematopoietic cells (hpt cells) suggests that WSSV infect specific cell types in haematopoietic tissue and non-granular hpt cells seem more favourable to WSSV infection.     

白斑综合征病毒囊膜蛋白在对虾免疫保护应用中的研究进展

白斑综合征自上世纪90年代初在水产养殖业中爆发以来,其病原体白斑综合征病毒的研究一直在深入开展,特别是WSSV结构蛋白的功能学研究尤为广泛,其主要方向集中在病毒囊膜蛋白对虾体的免疫保护上,并取得了显著的保护效果。从利用病毒囊膜蛋白作为亚单位疫苗免疫虾体、利用囊膜蛋白对应抗体保护虾体、构建囊膜蛋白基因核酸疫苗和利用RNAi干扰技术保护虾体等四个方面,对当前WSSV囊膜蛋白在对虾免疫保护中的应用进行了概述,并对其应用前景作一展望,旨在为及早开发出有效防治白斑综合征疾病的技术途径提供借鉴参考。     

Feeding hermit crabs to shrimp broodstock increases their risk of WSSV infection

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a serious shrimp pathogen that has spread globally to all major shrimp farming areas, causing enormous economic losses. Here we investigate the role of hermit crabs in transmitting WSSV to Penaeus monodon brooders used in hatcheries in Vietnam. WSSV-free brooders became PCR-positive for WSSV within 2 to 14 d, and the source of infection was traced to hermit crabs being used as live feed. Challenging hermit crabs with WSSV confirmed their susceptibility to infection, but they remained tolerant to disease even at virus loads equivalent to those causing acute disease in shrimp. As PCR screening also suggests that WSSV infection occurs commonly in hermit crab populations in both Vietnam and Taiwan, their use as live feed for shrimp brooders is not recommended.