串联亲和纯化原核表达载体的构建

【目的】构建串联亲和纯化原核表达载体,用于研究细菌中(生理状态或接近生理条件下的)蛋白-蛋白相互作用。【方法】设计并合成两条串联亲和标签序列,分别可以在靶蛋白N端和C端融合Protein G和链亲和素结合肽(Streptavidin binding peptide,SBP)标签;以pUC18载体为骨架,去除原有的阻遏蛋白基因,构建组成型表达载体pNTAP和pCTAP。【结果】成功构建N端和C端标签表达载体pNTAP和pCTAP,它们在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)、肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7和痢疾杆菌福氏5型M90T菌株中都可以实现表达。【结论】本实验构建的两个串联亲和纯化表达载体可以在部分革兰氏阴性细菌中表达,为研究细菌内蛋白-蛋白相互作用及致病菌毒力蛋白的作用机制奠定了基础。     

TAP亲和标签选择及其在植物蛋白互作研究中的应用

串联亲和纯化法(TAP)是一种纯化生理条件下蛋白复合物的技术,已广泛应用于鉴定蛋白相互作用和揭示蛋白复合物互作网络。近年来,随着TAP新型标签的不断出现以及与其他技术的联用,TAP技术正逐渐应用于植物蛋白质互作研究中。综述了TAP亲和标签选择,并介绍其在植物蛋白互作研究中的成功应用。     

亲和标签在重组蛋白表达与纯化中的应用

亲和标签融合技术为重组蛋白的纯化提供了一种简单方便的纯化工具,具有结合特异性高、洗脱条件温和、通用性强、纯化倍数高等显著优点。概述了亲和标签对融合蛋白表达的影响,可以提高重组蛋白的产量,增强重组蛋白的可溶性,促进重组蛋白的正确折叠;回顾了在重组蛋白表达与纯化中广泛使用的几种亲和标签,以及近年来相继出现的几种比较新颖的纯化标签;介绍了亲和标签的组合使用策略,His6-MBP组合标签集合了两个标签的优点,串联亲和纯化可以纯化获得生理条件下的蛋白质复合体;展望了亲和标签未来的发展趋势,认为仍需继续开发性能更加优越、纯化效果更加显著的纯化标签系统。     

紫外交联合并串联亲和纯化高效鉴定蛋白复合物组分的RNA结合活性

RNA结合蛋白在RNA的生成与代谢中发挥着重要作用.我们在近年报道的PAR-CLIP(photoactivatableribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation)技术的基础上建立了一套快速、有效鉴定RNA结合蛋白的实验方法:以串联亲和纯化替代一步免疫沉淀获得高纯度蛋白-RNA复合物;将Sypro Ruby蛋白染色与RNA放射自显影相结合判断复合物中哪种或哪些组分为RNA结合蛋白,该方法命名为紫外交联合并的串联亲和纯化(cross-linkingand tandem affinity purification,CLiTAP).运用该方法对布氏锥虫的三种锌指蛋白ZC3H7、ZC3H34和ZC3H5进行分析,发现ZC3H7作为帽结合蛋白复合物的核心组分具有很强的RNA结合能力;ZC3H34结合RNA能力较弱,但其互作蛋白具有强的RNA结合活性;相比之下,ZC3H5及其复合物组分皆无RNA结合活性.这些结果表明,CLiTAP与蛋白质鉴定方法相结合,能够有效鉴定靶蛋白复合物中的RNA结合蛋白种类,也为进一步定位RNA结合位点、研究RNA结合蛋白的结构及作用机制奠定了基础.     

N末端亲和标签可增进人硫氧还蛋白-1对氧化剂的敏感性

人细胞质硫氧还蛋白(hTrx1)在抗氧化和氧化还原调控中起重要作用.如果静脉注射重组hTrx1,动物抗氧化能力将增高.近年来,随着人们对氧化还原调控的关注,hTrx1需求不断增加.为了快速获得高纯度重组hTrx1,N末端亲和标签,如组氨酸标签(His-tag)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶标签(GST-tag),被用于hTrx1亲和纯化.带N末端标签的hTrx1融合蛋白在实验中用的越来越多.但N末端延长是否会影响hTrx1特性尚不清楚.我们构建与优化了hTrx1原核表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中高效表达了含天然N末端、带His-tag或带GST-tag的3种重组hTrx1.纯化蛋白在SDS-PAGE上呈现1条带,对应的分子量分别为12kD、17kD及38kD.在无氧化剂存在时,它们催化胰岛素还原的能力不分仲伯.当有H2O2存在时,天然N末端hTrx1通过形成可逆二聚体,对H2O2表现出较强的耐受性;而N末端亲和标签有干扰二聚体形成,使hTrx1对H2O2耐受性降低的作用,其中GST-tag干扰作用明显大于His-tag.此外,体内重要的氧化还原对GSH/GSSG,有增进hTrx1及其还原酶催化NADPH氧化的作用,N末端亲和标签可明显扩大GSH/GSSG的这种作用.我们分析了N末端亲和标签对hTrx1活性影响的可能机理.     

串联亲和标签LOX蛋白慢病毒表达载体的构建及在乳腺癌细胞中的表达

目的:为了研究赖氨酰氧化酶(Lysyl Oxidase,LOX)及其相互作用蛋白质在乳腺癌中的功能,构建带StrepⅡ/FLAG串联亲和标签的重组LOX蛋白慢病毒表达载体并在乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中表达。方法:设计引物通过聚合酶链式反应获得带StrepⅡ/FLAG串联亲和标签的LOX蛋白(LOX-SF)的亲本质粒,双酶切后鉴定测序克隆至GV303表达载体,连同慢病毒包装质粒共同转染293T得到GV303/LOX-SF慢病毒,将其转染MDA-MB-231细胞,使用荧光定量PCR和蛋白质印迹实验对细胞中重组蛋白LOX-SF进行检测。结果:通过串联亲和纯化获得LOX-SF重组蛋白,使用标签抗体成功鉴定到LOX-SF重组蛋白在MDA-MB-231细胞内稳定表达。结论:GV303/LOX-SF的构建,使带StrepⅡ/FLAG融合标签的LOX蛋白在MDA-MB-231中成功表达及纯化,为筛选和研究LOX及其相互作用蛋白在乳腺癌细胞内的功能奠定了实验基础。     

大肠杆菌O157:H7的sRNA伴侣蛋白Ufq的基因克隆、表达及纯化

目的:克隆、表达并纯化肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)O157:H7的sRNA伴侣蛋白Hfq.方法:利用PCR方法从EHEC O157:H7基因组中扩增出基因hfq,并插入含6xHis标签序列的原核表达载体pET28a(+)的多克隆位点中,构建重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-hfq,以重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)...     

噬菌体裂解酶Lysin1902原核表达及其与ε-聚赖氨酸联用效果评价北大核心

【目的】研究裂解酶Lysin1902与ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)对大肠杆菌O157:H7的协同抗菌作用。【方法】通过Mega构建进化树、使用在线工具等分析大肠杆菌噬菌体裂解酶Lysin1902氨基酸序列组成和结构等;原核表达并纯化Lysin1902;通过平板裂解实验检测Lysin1902对大肠杆菌O157:H7灭活菌株的裂解活性;用96孔板法检测Lysin1902或ε-PL的活菌裂解能力;棋盘法验证Lysin1902和ε-PL联用效果。【结果】体外成功表达并纯化了Lysin1902。Lysin1902对大肠杆菌O157:H7灭活菌株具有裂解活性,但不能有效裂解活的大肠杆菌。噬菌体裂解酶与ε-PL联用结果表明,加入Lysin1902后,ε-PL能够完全控制大肠杆菌O157:H7增殖的使用浓度由0.7mg/mL降低到0.1 mg/mL。【结论】体外原核表达并纯化Lysin1902,其单独使用对活的大肠杆菌O157:H7无裂解活性,但与ε-PL联用可显著提高ε-PL对大肠杆菌O157:H7的裂解能力。     

重组蛋白质亲和标签的选择与串联亲和纯化的应用进展

重组蛋白质技术作为蛋白质研究的重要手段之一,在生物化学与生物物理学研究领域,扮演着极其重要的角色.亲和纯化作为最为方便与快捷的重组蛋白质纯化手段,日益得到广泛的应用.由于各种亲和标签,纯化介质层出不穷,性质各异.应根据自身研究对象具体情况选择合适的亲和纯化标签.近年双亲和标签进行串联亲和纯化日益成为蛋白质相互作用研究的重要方法.多种亲和标签的搭配已得到成功应用,部分已进入商业化,并在各种模式生物中得到广泛的应用,本文就重组蛋白质亲和标签的选择与串联亲和纯化作一综述.     

用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7可增强其对HeLa细胞的黏附/擦拭损伤

目的:研究生长在不同培养基中的肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)O157∶H7对宿主细胞造成的黏附/擦拭损伤是否存在差异。方法:分别用LB、DMEM、DMEM(含10%胎牛血清)、DMEM(含终浓度为25mmol/L的HEPES)等4种培养基培养O157∶H7,然后感染HeLa细胞,利用Giemsa染色观察细菌黏附差异,进行肌动蛋白荧光染色实验并观察宿主细胞肌动蛋白聚集差异。结果:在含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养EHECO157∶H7,其黏附力增加,聚集细胞骨架肌动蛋白的能力明显增强。结论:为进一步研究EHECO157∶H7的致病性,探索O157∶H7新的致病因子奠定了基础。     

New partners of acyl carrier protein detected in Escherichia coli by tandem affinity purification

We report the first use of tandem affinity purification (TAP) in a prokaryote to purify native protein complexes, and demonstrate its reliability and power. We purified the acyl carrier protein (ACP) of Escherichia coli, a protein involved in a myriad of metabolic pathways. Besides the identification of several known partners of ACP, we rediscovered ACP/MukB and ACP/IscS interactions already detected but previously disregarded as due to contamination. Here, we demonstrate the specificity of these interactions and characterize them. This suggests that ACP is involved in additional previously unsuspected pathways. Furthermore, this study shows how the TAP method can be simply used in prokaryotes such as E. coli to identify new partners in protein-protein interactions under physiological conditions and thereby uncover novel protein functions.     

A carboxy-terminal domain of Tir from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC O157:H7) required for efficient type III secretion

The type III secreted protein Tir from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC O157:H7) plays a central role in adherence and pedestal formation during infection. Little is known about how Tir domains outside of the amino-terminus contribute to efficient Tir secretion and translocation. We found a 6 amino acid (519-524) carboxy-terminal region which was required for efficient Tir secretion and translocation. Interestingly, EHEC O157:H7 Tir(Delta)519-524 was efficiently secreted when expressed in the related pathogen enteropathogenic E. coli. These data suggest that this region may play a role in maintaining EHEC O157:H7 Tir in a secretion-competent conformation.     

Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in calves is reduced by prior colonization with the homologous strain

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 has a natural reservoir in the intestinal tracts of cattle. Colonization is asymptomatic and transient, but it is not clear if protective immunity is induced. This study demonstrates that prior colonization induces humoral immune responses to bacterial antigens and reduces bacterial shedding after experimental challenge with the homologous strain.     

Draft genome sequences of six Escherichia coli isolates from the stepwise model of emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of serotype O157:H7 has been implicated in food-borne illnesses worldwide. An evolutionary model was proposed in which the highly pathogenic EHEC O157:H7 serotype arose from its ancestor, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) O55:H7 (sorbitol fermenting [SOR(+)] and β-glucuronidase positive [GUD(+)]), through sequential gain of virulence, phenotypic traits, and serotype change. Here we report six draft genomes of strains belonging to this evolutionary model: two EPEC O55:H7 (SOR(+) GUD(+)) strains, two nonmotile EHEC O157:H(-) strains (SOR(+) GUD(+)) containing plasmid pSFO157, one EHEC O157:H7 (SOR(-) GUD(+)) strain, and one O157:H7 strain containing plasmid pSFO157 (SOR(+) GUD(+)).     

Identifying mechanisms by which Escherichia coli O157:H7 subverts interferon-γ mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 activation

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a food borne enteric bacterial pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality in both developing and industrialized nations. E. coli O157:H7 infection of host epithelial cells inhibits the interferon gamma pro-inflammatory signaling pathway, which is important for host defense against microbial pathogens, through the inhibition of Stat-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. The aim of this study was to determine which bacterial factors are involved in the inhibition of Stat-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Human epithelial cells were challenged with either live bacteria or bacterial-derived culture supernatants, stimulated with interferon-gamma, and epithelial cell protein extracts were then analyzed by immunoblotting. The results show that Stat-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by E. coli O157:H7 secreted proteins. Using sequential anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography, YodA was identified, but not confirmed to mediate subversion of the Stat-1 signaling pathway using isogenic mutants. We conclude that E. coli O157:H7 subverts Stat-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in response to interferon-gamma through a still as yet unidentified secreted bacterial protein.     

Regulation of virulence factors of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 by self-produced extracellular factors

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 causes serious diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. The expressions of EspD and intimin by O157:H7 have now been shown to be down-regulated by medium conditioned by O157:H7 grown at stationary phase. Preparation of conditioned medium showing the effect on the amount of EspD was not dependent on temperature or growth medium, but was dependent on growth phase. Inhibition of EspD and intimin expression was also induced by medium conditioned by E. coli K-12 strains and homoserine lactone, a signal molecule of the quorum-sensing system in gram-negative bacteria. These results suggest the possibility that the quorum-sensing system mediated by self-produced extracellular factors plays an important role in control of colonization of EHEC O157:H7.     

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in wastewater from dairy lagoons

AIM: To determine the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy wastewater from on-site holding lagoons equipped with or without circulating aerators. METHODS AND RESULTS: Survival was monitored in dairy lagoon microcosms equipped with or without scale-size circulators. Both laboratory strains of E. coli O157:H7 and an isolate of E. coli H7 from wastewater had poor survival rates and none proliferated in water from waste lagoons with or without circulators. Furthermore, the decline of E. coli O157:H7 was not enhanced in those microcosms equipped with circulators. Strain variation in survival was observed in both circulated and settling waters. The decline rate of E. coli O157:H7 Odwalla strain increased proportionately with the inoculum load. Escherichia coli failed to establish itself in wastewater even after four sequential inoculations simulating continuous faecal input into the lagoon. The native aerobic bacteria survived longer with a decimal reduction time of 21.3 days vs either introduced or native E. coli, which declined rapidly with decimal reduction time of 0.5-9.4 days. CONCLUSIONS: Escherichia coli O157:H7 failed to establish and proliferate in dairy wastewater microcosms equipped with or without circulating aerators. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study furthers our knowledge of pathogen survival in wastewater, and suggests that proper management of wastewater before its use in irrigation is essential to reduce pathogen transfer to crops.     

肠出血性大肠杆菌(O157：H7)的特异性荧光探针检测方法的建立

目的:建立一种real-time PCR,快速准确检测肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7。方法:以肠出血性大肠杆菌0157:H7 rfbE为待检靶基因,设计一对引物和一条Taqman探针,探针5’端用FAM基团标记,3’端用TAMRA标记。通过重组质粒的构建,建立并优化了大肠杆菌0157:H7的荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果:在人工污染样本无需富集的情况下,检测的最低DNA浓度是10拷贝/反应(3CFU/mL);特异性检测实验中,0157菌株检测结果均为rfbE阳性,而非0157:H7菌株检测结果均为阴性;重复性实验中,批内、批间变异系数均小于3%。结论:实验结果显示此荧光定量PCR方法特异性、灵敏度高,重复性好,可对分离的可疑大肠杆菌0157:H7菌株进行快速鉴定。     

Restriction-site-specific PCR as a rapid test to detect enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains in environmental samples

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen in industrialized countries. We developed a rapid and simple test for detecting E. coli O157:H7 using a method based on restriction site polymorphisms. Restriction-site-specific PCR (RSS-PCR) involves the amplification of DNA fragments using primers based on specific restriction enzyme recognition sequences, without the use of endonucleases, to generate a set of amplicons that yield "fingerprint" patterns when resolved electrophoretically on an agarose gel. The method was evaluated in a blinded study of E. coli isolates obtained from environmental samples collected at beef cattle feedyards. The 54 isolates were all initially identified by a commonly used polyclonal antibody test as belonging to O157:H7 serotype. They were retested by anti-O157 and anti-H7 monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The RSS-PCR method identified all 28 isolates that were shown to be E. coli O157:H7 by the monoclonal antibody ELISA as belonging to the O157:H7 serotype. Of the remaining 26 ELISA-confirmed non-O157:H7 strains, the method classified 25 strains as non-O157:H7. The specificity of the RSS-PCR results correlated better with the monoclonal antibody ELISA than with the polyclonal antibody latex agglutination tests. The RSS-PCR method may be a useful test to distinguish E. coli O157:H7 from a large number of E. coli isolates from environmental samples.