共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Biostatistical methods have become thoroughly integrated into modern biomedical and clinical research. Nevertheless, every observer who has evaluated articles in medical journals has noted that as many as half the reported results were based on questionable statistical analysis. This situation, combined with the fact that most errors involve relatively simple statistical procedures, points to the need for researchers and practitioners to be able to personally judge the quality of the statistical analyses in what they read. Fortunately, there are several excellent papers and texts available for those interested. 相似文献
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Caio Alves Furtado Clodoveu A. Davis Jr. Marcos André Gon?alves Jussara Marques de Almeida 《PloS one》2015,10(10)
The growth of Brazilian scientific production in recent years is remarkable, which motivates an investigation on the factors, inside and outside the country, that helped shape this wealthy research environment. This article provides a thorough analysis of the education of researchers that constitute the main Brazilian research groups, using data on about 6,000 researchers involved in the country’s National Institutes of Science and Technology (INCT) initiative. Data on the steps taken by each researcher in her education, from the bachelor’s degree to doctorate, including a possible postdoctoral experience, and employment, are extracted from an official curriculum vitae repository. The location and the time at which each career step occurred define spatiotemporal career trajectories. We then analyze such trajectories considering additional data, including the area of knowledge of the INCTs to which each researcher is associated. We found an increasing prevalence of Brazilian institutions in the education of Brazilian scientists, as the number of doctorates earned abroad is decreasing over time. Postdoctoral stages, on the other hand, often take place in Europe or in the United States. Taking an international postdoctoral position after a full education in Brazil suggests a drive towards seeking higher-level exchange and cooperation with foreign groups in a more advanced career stage. Results also show that Brazilian researchers tend to seek employment in regions that are close to the institutions at which they received their bachelor’s degrees, suggesting low mobility within the country. This study can be instrumental in defining public policies for correcting distortions, and can help other developing countries that aim to improve their national science systems. 相似文献
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International Journal of Biometeorology - 相似文献
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This standards-based science lesson introduces young learners to scientific inquiry and critical thinking by using activities to demonstrate three phases of matter (solid, liquid, and gas). By learning about the states of matter through a 5E instructional approach, students are encouraged to observe changes in the states of matter and to discuss their understanding in both small and large group forums. Student participants will be involved in hands-on activities along with small and large group discourse while actively learning about the states of matter and enjoying a hot chocolate demonstration with sampling. Developmentally appropriate instructional approaches are emphasized throughout this lesson. 相似文献
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We argue that there is not enough science to appropriately support many of the conservation measures currently being proposed, and hence, we cannot be sure of the objectivity of the conservation actions being implemented. The objectivity claimed to be underlying conservation actions is more assumed than real. We also suggest that the approach to conservation is driven more by moral commitments than by tested concepts, and it is further biased by our anthropocentric evaluation of ecological processes and their outcomes. Conservation science is a young subject, which needs to be nourished while it continues to feed on its roots-ecology and evolutionary biology. 相似文献
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There is an urgent need to develop the underlying theory and principles of “sustainability science,” based on an understanding
of the fundamental interactions between nature and humans. This requires a new research and education paradigm that embraces
biocomplexity, integrates the physical, biological, and social sciences, and uses a coupled, human–natural systems approach.
An initiative aligned with this paradigm and approach, and centered on the Hawaiian Island’s unique mountain-to-sea ecosystems,
is developing at the University of Hawai‘i. These ecosystems, extending from upland tropical forests to the fringing coral
reefs, correspond to the roughly wedge-shaped catchments, traditionally called ahupua‘a in the Hawaiian language. Despite the collapse of the ahupua‘a system and, tragically, the Native Hawaiian population, its legacy of ecological and cultural stewardship remains. This legacy,
and the potential of these ecosystems as microcosms for addressing the core questions of sustainability science, has provided
the impetus for a growing number of projects employing a social–ecological systems perspective. An overview of three projects
that employ a “learning community” approach and cultural stewardship perspective inspired by the ahupua‘a system is provided. These include the Ecosystems Thrust Area of Hawai‘i EPSCoR, a U.S. National Science Foundation research
infrastructure program, focused on ecosystem research and monitoring activities; a sustainability curriculum program, Mālama I Ka ‘Āina, of the College of Education; and a project that builds on programs of the Division of Ecology and Health and its affiliated
Asia-Pacific Center for Infectious Disease Ecology, linking ecosystem resilience and infectious diseases. 相似文献
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Nelson N. Gichora Segun A. Fatumo Mtakai V. Ngara Noura Chelbat Kavisha Ramdayal Kenneth B. Opap Geoffrey H. Siwo Marion O. Adebiyi Amina El Gonnouni Denis Zofou Amal A. M. Maurady Ezekiel F. Adebiyi Etienne P. de Villiers Daniel K. Masiga Jeffrey W. Bizzaro Prashanth Suravajhala Sheila C. Ommeh Winston Hide 《PLoS computational biology》2010,6(2)
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Masaki Futamura Kim S. Thomas Douglas J. C. Grindlay Elizabeth J. Doney Donna Torley Hywel C. Williams 《PloS one》2013,8(3)