超干贮藏对芥兰种子生活力和活力的影响

1年的监测结果显示：芥兰种子开放贮藏时的生活力和活力下降最快,超干种子(含水量为4．91％、3．25％和2．84％)具有良好的耐藏性,其种子发芽率和简化活力指数增大,抗老化能力、超氧物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性增强,膜进性降低,以2．84％含水量的芥兰种子贮藏效果为最好。     

不同利用方式下石灰性紫色土的锌形态剖面分布特征初探

分析对比了4个剖面(稻田、旱地、城墙岩群组林地、蓬莱镇组林地)Zn形态的分布特征,结果表明,稻田各形态Zn的剖面分布比旱地复杂,农地土层深厚,Zn各形态分配在层次间的变化较林地复杂．DTPA-Zn(有效态锌)在表层分配的相对较高,说明作物根系层及林木根系层缺Zn突出．对各种形态在不同剖面中的分配进行了显著性分析,结果表明,农地的碳酸盐结合态锌(3．65％)、紧结有机结合态锌(2．81％)、晶形氧化铁结合态锌(22．04％)显著大于林地(1．86％、0．84％、11．59％)．     

院内获得性肺炎致病菌及药敏分析

对76例院内获得性肺炎(NP)病人致病菌及药敏结果分析．发现革兰阴性杆菌(GNB)占44例(57．90％),革兰阳性球菌23例(30．26％)．真菌9例(11.84％)。前6位病原体依次是肺炎克雷伯菌15例(19．74％),绿脓杆菌12例(15．79％),金黄色葡萄球菌10例(13．16、),真菌9例(11．84％),粪链球菌8例(10．52％),硝酸盐阴性杆菌5例(6．58％)。前3位致病菌中．肺炎克雷伯菌和绿脓杆菌对第三代头孢菌素、丁胺卡那霉索和氧氟沙星耐药率较低,金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢唑啉和红霉素耐药率较低,对其他常用抗生素耐药率高。结果表明,NP病原体构成以GNB为主,致病菌耐药率高。     

养殖大黄鱼细菌茵群分离鉴定与分析

对新鲜大黄鱼感官、化学、微生物品质和细菌菌群组成进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,细菌总数为5．51±0．25log10cfu／g,挥发性盐基氮为7．84±2．25mg／100g。分离获得279株细菌,84．2％是革兰氏阴性菌,少量革兰氏阳性菌被检出(6．1％)。优势菌群是肠杆菌科(14．7％)、气单胞菌属(12．5％)、不动杆菌属(11．5％)、摩氏杆菌属(11．1％),并出现了一定比例的假单胞菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和其他细菌。肠杆菌科出现较多,表明大黄鱼细菌污染主要来自养殖海区,受非原有菌污染较重,应引起重视。     

养殖大黄鱼细菌菌群分离鉴定与分析*

对新鲜大黄鱼感官、化学、微生物品质和细菌菌群组成进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,细菌总数为5．51±0．25log10cfu／g,挥发性盐基氮为7．84±2．25mg／100g。分离获得279株细菌,84．2％是革兰氏阴性菌,少量革兰氏阳性菌被检出(6．1％)。优势菌群是肠杆菌科(14．7％)、气单胞菌属(12．5％)、不动杆菌属(11．5％)、摩氏杆菌属(11．1％),并出现了一定比例的假单胞菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和其他细菌。肠杆菌科出现较多,表明大黄鱼细菌污染主要来自养殖海区,受非原有菌污染较重,应引起重视。     

沈阳市城市森林结构与效益分析

采用样方调查方法对沈阳市243km^2范围的树木进行每木实地调查,在地理信息系统应用软件Arc View3．2平台上建立了基于CITYgreen模型的城市森林信息管理系统,应用该信息系统分析了沈阳市土地利用及树木分布的格局、树种构成、树木密度、树高、胸径、健康状况等反映城市森林结构特征的指标结果表明,2001年沈阳市有树136种,1 914 500株树木,森林覆盖率为9．77％,25种主要树木占树木总数的84．78％,胸径小于0．25m(一类胸径)和大于0．5m(三类胸径)的树木占82．8％;幼龄树27％、中龄树58％、老龄树15％;84％的树木健康状况为中等以上,城市森林信息管理系统计算表明,沈阳市城市森林每年生态效益折合经济价值为2．65千万美元。     

几种氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂对美洲斑潜蝇的防治效果

在山东青州以茄子为试验寄主,丁硫克百威10g(a．i．)／667m^2、灭蚜威15g(a．i．)／667m^2、速灭威12．5g(a．i．)／667m^2、扑蚜威12．5g(a．i．)／667m^2对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫药后3～7d校正防效分别为91．13％～91．14％,89．66％～91．66％,89．29％～91．36％,87．82％～88．83％,均具有良好的速效和持效性。在山东青州以西葫芦为试验寄主,间乙威12．5g(a．i．)／667m^2、灭除威15g(a．i．)／667m^2、灭杀威15g(a．i．)／667m^2、间异丙威15g(a．i．)／667m^2对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫药后3～7d校正防效均在80％左右,防效一般。在北京海淀以黄瓜为试验寄主,灭蚜威WP20g(a．i．)／667m^2对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫药后3～11d校正防效为84．93％～85．47％。以不同寄主,杀虫威10g(a．i．)／667m^2对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫药后3～7d校正防效为85％以上。丁硫克百威、速灭威、灭蚜威、扑蚜威、杀虫威均可以作为防治美洲斑潜蝇的有效药剂。     

光度法检测核桃青皮中类胡萝卜素含量

以核桃青皮为原料,浸提法获得萜类,用光度计对常温保存和冷冻贮藏下的类胡萝卜素含量进行分析。结果显示,常温保存和冷冻贮藏下,核桃青皮中类胡萝卜素含量差异很大。其中,常温保存时核桃青皮中类胡萝卜素含量为0．8％;冷冻贮藏时核桃青皮中类胡萝卜素含量为1．4％。结果表明,冷冻状态更有利于核桃青皮中类胡萝卜素的保存。     

基于AFLP标记的山东省5个野核桃群体的遗传多样性分析

利用AFLP分子标记,对分布于山东省内5个样地(泰山鹁鸽崖、鲁山核心区边缘、崂山北九水、昆嵛山南天门和泰山佛爷寺)的46个野核桃(Juglans cathayensis Dode)单株的遗传多样性进行了分析,并采用聚类分析方法探讨了它们的遗传关系.结果表明:用8对PstI/ MseI系列引物组合从46个单株中共扩增出1 034条带,其中多态性条带1 005条,多态性条带百分率达97.20％;每对引物可扩增出113 ～ 154条多态性条带,平均每对引物可扩增出125.6条多态性条带.在这些条带中包含174条特异性条带(其中有19条缺失条带),通过特异性条带可鉴别出91.3％的野核桃单株.5个野核桃群体的多态性条带百分率(PPB)、观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ⅳe)、Nei,s基因多样度(H)和Shannon's信息指数(I)分别为50.57％ ～ 63.51％、1.505 7～1.635 1、1.273 5 ～ 1.300 4、0.163 2～0.181 9和0.249 1 ～0.281 3,PPB、Na、Ne、H和I的平均值分别为55.23％、1.552 3、1.284 3、0.169 6和0.259 4,表明野核桃群体遗传多样性较高、遗传变异较为丰富.46个单株的遗传相似性系数为0.536 8 ～0.8645,平均值为0.624 9.聚类分析结果显示:在遗传相似性系数0.66处,可将46个单株分成7组,其中部分来源于同一产地的单株没有聚在同一组中,表明这些野核桃单株的遗传关系与其地理分布不完全一致.     

腐皮镰刀菌对不同品种核桃抗性生理指标的影响

为分析腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)引起的核桃根腐病对寄主抗性生理指标的影响,该研究以铁核桃、绵阳早熟、新疆2号3个核桃品种为材料,研究各品种受腐皮镰刀菌侵染后,不同时期的发病情况以及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的动态变化。结果表明：接种病原菌50 d 后,铁核桃100％发病,属高感品种,绵阳早熟和新疆2号发病率分别为23.33％和16.67％,属抗病品种;在50 d 监测范围内,各品种对照组各项叶部生理指标仅出现上下波动且差异不显著;然而,各品种核桃接入腐皮镰刀菌后,可溶性糖含量随时间迅速下降,MDA 含量和 POD 活性总体表现为先上升趋势,SOD、PPO 活性总体则表现为先上升后下降的变化趋势,并且5个指标品种间差异显著,而 CAT 活性变化无规律。相关性分析表明,可溶性糖、MDA 含量、SOD、POD、PPO 活性可以作为核桃品种抗性评价指标。该研究结果为深入研究由腐皮镰刀菌引起的核桃根腐病发病机制以及通过诱导等措施提高其抗性的研究提供了理论基础。     

野生荆条籽中挥发油成分的研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法从荆条中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油成分进行分离和结构鉴定。从荆条籽的挥发油中鉴定出了51个组分,用气相色谱面积归一法确定了各个组分的相对百分含量,其挥发油的主要组成是β-榄香烯(27.98%),芳樟醇(12.39%),贝壳杉烯(12.00%),δ-榄香烯(10.54%),乙酯异冰片脂(8.98%)等。     

维药香蜂花挥发油的GC-MS分析

结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术和保留指数对维医常用药材香蜂花挥发油提取物进行了分析.从该挥发油中共准确鉴定出28个化合物,占提取物总量的99.02％.结果发现,主要成分有(E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol acetate( 26.48％)、(Z)-citral(15.46％)、(E)-nerol(14.51％)、(E)-citral(14.43％)、isoanisole (7.88％)、palmitic acid (6.93％)和(Z)-nerol (2.56％),多为单萜和倍半萜类成分,为维药香蜂花的质量标准制定提供了科学依据.     

Analysis of the essential oil from the roots of Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. corsicum (L.) by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR

Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. corsicum (L.) is an endemic subspecies from the island of Corsica. The essential oil from the roots of this aromatic plant has been studied by GC, GC-MS and by 13C-NMR. In contrast to the essential oil from the aerial parts, which is dominated by hydrocarbon compounds (76.9%) and particularly by sesquiterpene components (43.3%), the essential oil from the roots was characterized by a high content of oxygenated compounds (61.0%), particularly oxygenated monoterpenes (54.0%). In the root oil, 106 components were identified representing 96.1% of the total amount. This oil was dominated by the monoterpenes esters (33%), the major components of which were neryl isobutyrate (17.6%), thymyl methyl oxide (15.1%), delta-2-carene (14.5%) and beta-pinene (5.7%). Aromatic esters, nerol derivatives (esters and diesters) and a benzofuran were investigated by GC-MS using different ionization modes including electron impact ionization, and positive- and negative-chemical ionization. These components have not previously been reported in the essential oil of aerial parts of E. cannabinum from Corsica island.     

野生蜂窝草籽中挥发油的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从野生蜂窝草籽中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油中的化学组分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个组分的相对百分含量。从蜂窝草籽挥发油中鉴出56种成分,主要组分是油酸(12.57%),棕榈酸(10.36%),1-辛烯-3-醇(7.96%),石竹烯(5.98%),2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,6-庚三烯(5.63%)等。对蜂窝草籽挥发油进行了抗氧化实验和抗菌实验,结果表明蜂窝草籽挥发油对.OH有明显的清除作用,蜂窝草籽挥发油对实验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用特别是对大肠杆菌ATCC25922株和肠炎沙门菌50040株的抗菌活性表现得更为显著。     

GC-MS法分析曼陀罗挥发油的化学成分

用水蒸气蒸馏法从曼陀罗中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量.结果从曼陀罗挥发油中鉴定出58种化合物,占总挥发油量的92.37%.其中主要成分为5,6-二氢-6-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮(44.29%)、二苯胺(12.50%)、四十四烷(10.41%)、二十烷(4.19%)、(E)-3-己烯-1-醇(2.38%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯-1-醇(2.28%)等.     

Composition of the essential oil from the lemon balm growing in the neighborhood of Krasnoyarsk as indicated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry data

Essential oil has been isolated from the above-ground part of the lemon balm growing in the neighborhood of Krasnoyarsk by the method of exhaustive water and steam distillation. Forty seven components, each with a content of more than 0.1% of whole oil, have been identified by GC-MS. The main oil components are citronellol (36.71%) and geraniol (27.20%). The oil also contains ten components with a content of more than 1% of the sum of all oil components: benzyl alcohol (1.67%), linalool (1.75%), citronellal (1.44%), neral (3.33%), geranial (4.39%), caryophyllene (3.73%), caryophyllene oxide (1.40%), dibutyl phthalate (1.36%), butylisobutyl ester of phthalic acid (2.45%), and phytol (2.55%). The composition of lemon balm oils from different regions of the world has been compared.     

广西灵香草挥发油化学成分

灵香草(Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance)又名零陵香,为报春花科(Primulaceae)排草属(Lysimachia L.)植物,主产广西、云南、广东、四川、贵州等地[1].灵香草性味甘、淡、平,具行气、止痛、驱蛔功能,药理实验证明具有抑制流感病毒作用[2]; 其挥发油香气浓郁且持久,是烟用香精的重要赋香剂之一.     

Essential oil of Lepechinia schiedeana (Lamiaceae) from Costa Rica

The composition of the essential oil isolated by steam distillation from aerial parts of the Costa Rican herb Lepechinia schiedeana (Schlecht) Vatke (Lamiaceae) collected in El Empalme, Costa Rica, was determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Fifty-one components were identified corresponding ca. 93% of the oil. The major components were beta-pinene (26.6%), cis-pinocamphone (25.1%), delta-3-carene (6.1%), trans-pinocamphone (4.0%), camphor (3.8%) and beta-caryophyllene (3.7%).     

Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and major constituents of Salvia chloroleuca

The aerial parts of Salvia chloroleuca were collected at full flowering stage at Shahrestanak (Tehran province of Iran). The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by combination of capillary GC and GC-MS. Thirty-four components were identified, representing 98.5% of the total oil. beta-Pinene (10.6%), alpha-pinene (9.0%), beta-caryophyllene (9.0%), 1,8-cineole (9.0%) and carvacrol (7.9%) were the main components. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of S. chloroleuca was studied against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger); the disc diffusion method and MIC values indicated that the oil exhibited moderate to high antimicrobial activity.     

扁桃叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),首次对扁桃叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用气相色谱面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量.共鉴定出其中的38种化合物,占挥发油总量的94.52%,其主要成分为:大根香叶烯(18.33%),喇叭醇(9.46%),石竹烯(9.04%),δ-杜松烯(5.73%),...