常压室温等离子体-紫外复合诱变选育β-法尼烯高产菌株

【背景】大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)由于生长性能优良、遗传背景清楚、遗传操作手段成熟,是合成β-法尼烯的合适生产菌,但其合成β-法尼烯的产量目前仍不能满足工业化生产的需求。【目的】通过诱变筛选技术选育β-法尼烯高产突变株。【方法】采用常压室温等离子体(atmosphericand room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变技术和紫外线照射对出发菌株大肠杆菌EC-16进行复合诱变,并以异戊烯焦磷酸耐受性为选择压力进行平板初筛,之后进行摇瓶复筛,最后进行发酵罐验证。通过连续多代培养筛选到的高产突变菌株,观察其遗传稳定性。【结果】经复合诱变选育筛选出一株β-法尼烯高产突变株E.coliHVK-9,其产量高达22.1g/L,相比出发菌株提高了168.74%。【结论】采用ARTP-紫外复合诱变,再结合异戊烯焦磷酸抗性筛选的集成方法,使得诱变菌株的正突变率大大提高,可以有效地提高诱变菌株的β-法尼烯产量。突变株HVK-9作为工业化发酵生产菌种具有较好的遗传稳定性,为β-法尼烯的工业化生产和应用奠定了良好的基础。     

脱落酸高产菌的激光诱变筛选

对脱落酸产生菌分别进行了紫外诱变和紫外 -激光复合诱变筛选 ,结果表明紫外 -激光复合诱变正变率较高 ,正变幅度较大。从紫外 -激光复合诱变得到的突变株中筛选到一株遗传性状稳定的高产菌株 ,将其传代 5代 ,各子代发酵脱落酸的平均产量均在 2 .1mg·g-1 以上 ,比原始出发菌株产量提高了 32 %。     

高产不饱和油脂海鞘真菌桔青霉Asc-2-4的诱变选育

诱变育种是获得高产菌株,实现微生物工业化生产油脂的重要措施。以前期获得的高产不饱和油脂菌株桔青霉（Penicillium citrinum）Asc-2-4为出发菌株,利用丙二酸建立快速筛选高产不饱和脂肪酸突变菌的方法,通过紫外线 氯化锂复合诱变得到1株高产油脂突变菌Asc-2-4-1,油脂含量比出发菌株提高了92.98%。经过初步的培养基无机盐优化,其油脂得率和不饱和脂肪酸产量达到了7.10 g/L和3.84 g/L,与Asc-2-4相比,分别提高了84.42%和77.78%。结果表明,通过复合诱变选育技术可选育出高产突变菌株,选育的Asc-2-4-1可望作为产油微生物被开发利用。     

虾青素高产菌株的选育

采用激光（Laser）、紫外线（UV）、亚硝基胍（NTG）及其复合诱变法夫酵母菌,再用高浓度葡萄糖培养基选育经复合诱变的法夫酵母菌。结果表明：与原始出发菌相比,菌株经诱变后其虾青素产量有显著提高,其中复合诱变的是青素产量可达7.26μm/ml。诱变高产菌株遗传稳定性好。     

紫外诱变结合离子束诱变选育辅酶Q_(10)高产菌株

辅酶Q_(10)在医药、食品和化妆品等行业应用广泛。发酵法生产辅酶Q_(10)成本较低,但要实现工业化,需进一步提高菌株的产量。通过诱变方法获取产量和稳定性较为理想的菌株具有较强的现实意义。本文中,笔者以根癌土壤杆菌(Rhizobium radiobacter)为出发菌株,经紫外线和离子束双重诱变,并结合抗性筛选获得3株高产辅酶Q_(10)的菌株K-53、Q-18和Y80-58-2,所得菌株辅酶Q_(10)产量均较稳定,与出发菌株相比产量分别提高了58.7%、64.4%和66.1%,其中Y80-58-2产量达105.8 mg/L。本研究结果对工业化生产辅酶Q_(10)具有一定的帮助。     

常规诱变结合高通量筛选选育可利霉素高产菌株

可利霉素是通过基因工程定向育种技术获得的新型大环内酯类抗生素,是国家一类新药.[目的]为满足工业化生产需要,其工程菌株的发酵水平有待提高.[方法]多种常规诱变技术交替处理和高通量筛选方法选育可利霉素高产菌株,处理方法包括原生质体紫外诱变、DES(硫酸二乙酯)诱变、紫外光复活诱变、缬氨酸抗性筛选和正突变菌株的富集.[结果]高产菌株WSJ-1-7-49-133-82-43的摇瓶生物效价比出发菌株WSJ-1-7-49提高56％,500L中试发酵罐突变菌株效价较出发株高61％.[结论]说明多轮常规诱变育种结合高通量的筛选方法可以用于工业生产菌株的高效筛选.     

紫杉醇高产菌株的原生质体诱变选育及其遗传变异初探

以紫杉醇产生菌NCEU_1为出发菌株,分别采用紫外线和紫外线与氯化锂复合诱变方法对其原生质体进行诱变,获得了两株高产紫杉醇的突变株———UV4 0 - 1 9和UL50 - 6 ,其紫杉醇产量从出发菌株的314 0 7μg L分别提高至376 38μg L和392 6 3μg L ;同时,又采用RAPD和同工酶技术对出发菌株NCEU_1与两高产株UV4 0 - 1 9和UL50 - 6 间的遗传差异进行了研究。结果表明,出发菌株与诱变菌株之间以及两诱变菌株之间都存在明显差异,为进一步研究与紫杉醇合成相关基因及诱变株产量提高的分子机制奠定了基础     

磷霉素产生菌的定向诱变育种

目的:提高出发菌的磷霉素产量.方法:采用紫外(UV)+亚硝基胍(NTG)复合诱变的方法处理出发菌株(Bacillus fusi-formis),以分别含2.0和2.5mg/mL磷霉素的分离培养基来筛选UV诱变和NTG诱变后的菌株.结果:从大量突变菌中选育出一株高产、稳定的磷霉素生产菌株.当底物浓度为10mg/mL时,其磷霉素产量由1.15mg/mL提高至2.30mg/mL,转化产量提高了100%,转化率提高了10.16%.结论:采用UV+NTG诱变结合含FOM的分离平板进行定向筛选可以获得FOM高产菌株.     

紫外线诱变深黄被孢霉选育花生四烯酸高产菌株

为获得生长活力较强, 产花生四烯酸能力强的菌株, 以微生物油脂产量和花生四烯酸产量为评价指标, 采用2轮紫外线诱变的方法, 利用单因素试验确定紫外线照射时间, 并采用气相色谱分析花生四烯酸含量。试验结果表明: 紫外灯功率20 W, 照射距离30 cm, 照射时间80 s, 其致死率为76.4%。经过诱变及菌种筛选, 获得1株高产菌株Z80s2-109, 其总油脂含量为16 g/L, 花生四烯酸产量为2.34 g/L, 花生四烯酸产量比原始对照菌株提高377%, 并且遗传性能稳定。     

高产DHA破囊壶菌Aurantiochytrium sp. PKU#SW7诱变株的筛选

【目的】对野生菌株Aurantiochytrium sp.PKU#SW7诱变育种,筛选高产DHA突变株。【方法】采用UV诱变和化学药物胁迫筛选方式,以菌株的生物量、油脂产量、DHA产量作为筛选指标,获得高产DHA突变株。【结果】经鉴定获得一株DHA高产突变株PKU#PM003,该菌株传代4次后仍保持较好的遗传稳定性。摇瓶发酵后,PKU#PM003生物量产量高达6.62 g/L,比原始菌株5.95 g/L提高了11.26%,脂肪酸含量高达4.01 g/L,比原始菌株3.18 g/L提高了26.1%,DHA在脂肪酸中所占比例由29.97%增加到33.43%,产量提高了41.01%,油脂突变效果显著。【结论】突变株PKU#PM003可作为性状优良的工业化发酵生产菌种,并在DHA产量提升上仍具有巨大的空间。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.