Comparison of Viromes in Ticks from Different Domestic Animals in China

Ticks are involved in the transmission of various arboviruses and some tick-borne viruses pose significant threats to the health of humans or livestock. This study aimed to investigate the geographical distribution of tick species and tickassociated viruses in central and eastern China. Total 573 ticks from domestic animals including dogs, sheep and cattle were collected in 2017. Two genera of ticks were identified including Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis. Sequencing was performed on Miseq Illumina platform to characterize the tick viromes from the four different sampling locations.Following trimming, 13,640 reads were obtained and annotated to 19 virus families. From these sequences, above 37.74% of the viral reads were related to the RNA viruses. Virome comparison study revealed that the tick viral diversity was considerably different in the two identified tick genera. The viral diversity of R. microplus was significantly different from that of other Rhipicephalus species. On the other hand, substantial overlap in viral species was observed between the same genera. In addition, we found no evidence that the natural host played a major role in shaping virus diversity based on the comparison of their viromes. Rather, the geographic location seems to significantly influence the viral families. Phylogenetic study indicated that the novel negative-sense RNA viruses identified in this study was closely related to Bole tick virus 1 and 3 viruses. In conclusion, the present study provides a baseline for comparing viruses detected in ticks, according to species, natural hosts, and geographic locations.     

Metagenomic Profiling of Viruses Associated with Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks in Yunnan Province,China

Ticks are well known as vectors of many viruses which usually do great harm to human and animal health. Yunnan Province, widely covered by flourishing vegetation and mainly relying on farming husbandry, is abundant with Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. Therefore, it is of great significance to characterize the viral profile present in R. microplus parasitizing on cattle in Yunnan Province. In this study, a total of 7387 R. microplus ticks were collected from cattle and buffalo in the northwest and southeast areas of Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2017. We investigated the virome of R.microplus using next-generation sequencing(NGS) and the prevalence of important identified viruses among tick groups by RT-PCR. It revealed the presence of diverse virus concerning chu-, rhabdo-, phlebo-, flavi-and parvo-viruses in Yunnan. These viruses consist of single-stranded, circular and segmented sense RNAs, showing a greatly diversity in genomic organization. Furthermore, continuous epidemiological survey among ticks reveals broad prevalence of three viruses(Yunnan mivirus 1, Wuhan tick vrius 1 and YN tick-associated phlebovirus 1) and two possible prevalent viruses including a flavivirus-like segmented virus(Jingmen tick virus) and a bovine hokovirus 2 in Yunnan. Serological investigation among cattle indicates that these identified viruses may be infectious to cattle and can elicit corresponding antibody. Our findings on R. microplus-associated viral community will contribute to the prevention of viral disease and tracking the viral evolution. Further analysis is needed to better elucidate the pathogenicity and natural circulation of these viruses.     

云南省4种伊蚊的乙型脑炎病毒分离物的研究

在云南省西南边境9县市捕获伊蚊属雌性成蚊16种19367只,用细胞法和乳鼠法分离病毒.从185批6491只白纹伊蚊中分离到病毒2株,从50批1605只剌扰伊蚊中分离到病毒2株,从23批772只窄翅伊蚊中分离到病毒2株,从4批103只阿萨姆伊蚊中分离到病毒1株.其它12种共10396只伊蚊的病毒分离物为阴性.分离到的7株病毒经免疫荧光、酶免疫、血凝抑制和中和试验鉴定,均为乙型脑炎病毒(JE virus).白纹伊蚊是野外竹林的优势蚊种.分析认为白纹伊蚊在当地乙型脑炎病毒保存和传播中起重要作用,刺扰伊蚊、窄翅伊蚊和阿萨姆伊蚊亦可参与该病毒的传播.     

云南省4种伊蚊的乙型脑炎病毒分离物的研究

在云南省西南边境９县市捕获伊蚊属雌性成蚊１６种１９３６７只,用细胞法和乳鼠法分离病毒。从１８５批６４９１只白纹伊蚊中分离到病毒２株,从５０批１６０５只剌扰伊蚊中分离到病毒２株,从２３批７７２只窄翅伊蚊中分离到病毒２株,从４批１０３只阿萨姆伊蚊中分离到病毒１株。其它１２种共１０３９６只伊蚊的病毒分离物为阴性。分离到的７株病毒经免疫荧光、酶免疫、血凝抑制和中和试验鉴定,均为乙型脑炎病毒（ＪＥｖｉｒｕｓ）。白纹伊蚊是野外竹林的优势蚊种。分析认为白纹伊蚊在当地乙型脑炎病毒保存和传播中起重要作用,刺扰伊蚊、窄翅伊蚊和阿萨姆伊蚊亦可参与该病毒的传播。     

贵州省四种蝙蝠携带病毒组

翼手目(Chiroptera)动物已被确认是人畜共患病毒的重要自然宿主。贵州省翼手目物种多样性资源丰富,包括了2亚目7科19属65种,但在其携带病毒方面的研究仍然不全面。本文基于病毒宏基因组学和s RNA病毒检测,对贵州省广泛分布的大蹄蝠(Hipposideriderosarmiger)、三叶蹄蝠(Aselliscus wheeleri)、贵州菊头蝠(Rhinolophus rex)和皮氏菊头蝠(R. pearsoni)携带的病毒进行注释及鉴定。通过分析得到所携带病毒的种类;并比较了贵州省与云南省和广西省3个地区翼手目携带病毒在种类上的差异。结果显示,在4种蝙蝠中检测出脊椎动物病毒、昆虫病毒、植物病毒、细菌病毒4大类,共计53科111属170余种病毒,其中具有公共卫生学意义病毒9科10属46种,如:人疱疹病毒1型病毒(Human herpesvirus 1)、戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus)、人乳头瘤病毒16型(Human papillomavirustype16)等相关的病毒。贵州省与云南省和广西省3个地区的蝙蝠所携带病毒种类比较发现,只有腺病毒科(Adenovir...     

中国5种常见宽广蜡蝉形态比较研究

为了给农林业生产中的宽广蜡蝉属Pochazia常见种类提供准确鉴别依据,补充广翅蜡蝉科Ricaniidae昆虫分类的形态学资料,对5种中国常见的宽广蜡蝉(眼斑宽广蜡蝉P.discreta、圆纹宽广蜡蝉P.guttifera、柿宽广蜡蝉P.sublimata、山东宽广蜡蝉P.shantungensis和阔带宽广蜡蝉P.confuse)的外部形态和雌雄外生殖器结构进行了比较研究。结果表明:这5种宽广蜡蝉在外部形态特征(体色、身体各部分比例及前、后翅斑纹)、雄性外生殖器构造(尾节、肛节、阳茎干)及雌性外生殖器构造(肛节、第一产卵瓣、第三产卵瓣)上既有相似性,又存在一定的种间差异,这些差异特征可作为种间鉴别的分类依据。5种宽广蜡蝉的雌性外生殖器构造均为首次报道,此外,还给出了这5种宽广蜡蝉的整体形态图、局部特征图和雌雄外生殖器特征图,以及在中国分布的10种宽广蜡蝉分种检索表。     

双菱藻科（硅藻门）——四个中国新纪录种

本文报道了采自新疆及云南地区的双菱藻科（硅藻门）中国新纪录植物4种,分别为耳蜗波缘藻Cymato—pleura cochlea Brun、维苏双菱藻Surirella visurgis Hustedt、盾状马鞍藻Campylodiscus clypeus Ehrenberg和莱温德马鞍藻Campylodiscus levanderi Hustedt。通过光镜（LM）和扫描电镜（SEM）观察,对其分类学特征进行了详细的描述,并介绍了他们的生境特征等。     

四种胃蛋白酶原检测试剂的性能比较

目的:比较四种胃蛋白酶原检测试剂的性能。方法:使用Beckman Coulter AU5800全自动生化分析仪,采用免疫比浊法,对两种国产和两种进口蛋白酶原检测试剂的校准和质控、精密度、线性范围、检测灵敏度、前带反应影响和抗干扰能力进行比较。结果:四家公司的校准和质控指标均达到合格标准,两家进口试剂变异系数较小,在线性、准确性、灵敏度、前带反应等指标全面领先。结论:综合各项指标判断,目前使用的胃蛋白酶原检测试剂以两种进口产品性能为佳,国产品尚有一定差距。     

国产柽柳属16种植物当年生小枝比较解剖及其生态意义

对国产柽柳属(Tamarix L.)16种植物的比较研究表明：其当年生小枝在表皮是否具毛、皮层细胞的形态结构、维管束排列方式、髓部所占面积大小及内含物等结构性状上存在种间差异。根据这些差异及SPSS软件分析,并结合分布生境,将国产柽柳属植物分为三大类。类型I当年生小枝的表皮不具毛或乳状突,皮层外侧细胞具叶绿体,髓仅占总面积的1/6～1/3弱,多分布在风沙土生境(多花柽柳及白花柽柳除外)属强度抗旱型种类;类型Ⅱ当年生小枝的表皮不具毛及乳状突,皮层外侧细胞不具叶绿体,髓占总面积1/3～1/2弱,多分布在沙砾质土或轻度盐渍化土生境(甘肃柽柳除外),属中度抗旱、耐盐碱型种类;类型Ⅲ当年生小枝的表皮具毛或乳状突,皮层外侧细胞不具叶绿体,细胞排列致密,髓仅占总面积的1/6～1/3弱,多分布在强盐渍化土生境,属强度耐盐型种类。对国产柽柳属所有种类当年生小枝结构的生态适应性进行了分析,认为不同生态类型植物的当年生小枝已形成了与特定生境相适应的解剖结构。     

中国兰科植物四个新记录种

报道了中国兰科植物四个新记录种,反瓣叉柱兰(Cheirostylis thailandica),短茎对叶兰(Listerabrevi-caulis),凹唇石仙桃(Pholidota recurva),绿花大苞兰(Sunipia annamensis)。短茎对叶兰(Listera brevicaulis)二枚叶贴地着生,唇瓣先端二裂,裂片下翻并靠合;凹唇石仙桃(Pholidota recurva)的假鳞茎圆柱形,首尾相连,花偏向一侧,花序在中部向下弯,唇瓣前端略凹陷;绿花大苞兰(Sunipia annamensis)的花序长于叶,唇瓣心形,肉质,边缘向上翻卷。     

中国鳞虫兆属Tom ocerus四新种(弹尾目:鳞虫兆科)

本文记述了中国鳞虫兆属Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ４新种,即紫胸鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ（Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｐｕｒ－ｐｕｒｉｔｈｏｒｕｓ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．, （四川）; 白鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍｏｃｅｒｕｓ（Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｃａｌｃｅｕｓ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．, （四川）;巨鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍｏｃｅｒｕｓ（ｓ．ｓｔｒ．）ｍ ａｘｉｍｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（四川）;小鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ（ｓ．ｓｔｒ．）ｅｍ ｅｉｃｕｓ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ． （四川）。模式标本保存于绵阳经济技术高等专科学校农艺系昆虫标本室。１． 紫胸鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ（Ｔｏｍｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｐｕｒｐｕｒｉｔｈｏｒｕｓ, 新种（图１）鉴别特征：本种与Ｔ．（Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｍ ｉｎｕｔｕｓＴｕｌｌｂｅｒｇ １８７６ 非常相似,但其下列特征可与后者相区别：弹器齿节刺的刺式为５／７,１,弹器端节间齿数为５～７,爪内齿数为１,１,１,握弹器体上刚毛数为５支。正模：♀,四川峨眉山,１９－ ＩＶ－ １９９５,刘永琴;副模：４♀♀２♂♂,同正模。２． 白鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ （Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｃａｌｃｅｕｓ, 新种（图２）鉴别特征：本种与Ｔ．（Ｔｏｍｏｃｅｒｉ     

中国叶刺瘿螨亚科四新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨科)

记述叶刺瘿螨亚科4新种：粗毛榕上三脊瘿螨Calepitrimerus fici Wei,sp．nov．,大叶紫珠上瘿螨Epitrimerus callicarpae Wei et Li,sp．nov．,木姜子五脊瘿螨Pentamerus litseae Wei et Chen,sp．nov．和三又苦顶背瘿螨Tegonotus evodiae Wei,sp．nov．。模式标本保存在广西大学农学院。     

Comparative morphological study on the genus Leptura Linnaeus of China(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepturinae)

A comparative morphological research was done based on the morphological characters of 21 species from Leptura in this paper. The results indicated that 18 morphological characters, such as the ratio of the lower eye lobe to genae, the relative length of antennae segments, the shape of maxillary palpi apex, prothorax, elytra apex and elytral maculae can be used to identify species in the genus. Meanwhile, the color of elytra and the size of elytral maculae could not be used to identify species from Leptura. In addition, the shape of 7th abdominally sternal apex, the length of antennae and the ratio of the first hind tarsal segment to the second can be used to distinguish the male and the female.     

石蒜属12种植物叶片比较解剖学研究

对石蒜属（Lycoris Herb．）12种植物叶片的比较解剖学研究表明：（1）石蒜属植物叶片横切面的端部、中部及基部的轮廓基本呈浅“W”或“V”字型,有些种的表皮细胞上具有明显的尖刺状乳突;（2）石蒜属植物均为异面叶,叶肉组织有一定的栅栏组织和海绵组织分化,但二者的厚度、叶肉中所占比例及栅栏组织的细胞层数在种间有一定的差异;（3）海绵组织发达、具有大而明显的薄壁细胞或细胞裂溶后形成空腔（分泌腔或气腔）;（4）叶片中维管束数目大多为奇数,叶脉维管束鞘由薄壁细胞组成;（5）石蒜属植物横切面上叶缘的形状分为圆弧形和楔形两种类型。石蒜属植物叶的解剖结构具有许多相似特征;同时又具有一定的种间差异,可为石蒜属槽物的种间关系和开发利用提供有价值的信息。     

我国四种舞蛛记述

本文记述我国舞蛛属Alopecosa1新种：林站舞蛛A．1inzhan sp．nov．，及3新纪录种：方隔舞蛛A．akkolka Marusik，1994、客居舞蛛A．inquilina(Clerck，1757)和独行舞蛛A．solivaga(Kulczynski，1901)。新种近似于A．sokhondoensis Logunov et Marusik,1994，但新种外雌器中隔扩展部端部向前方延伸较明显，超出中隔柄部，交配管较细长，而后者外雌器中隔扩展部向前方延伸不明显，未超出中隔柄部，交配管较短；另外2者在前眼列各眼相对大小和间距方面也有差别。     

中国叶刺瘿螨亚科四新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨科)

记述叶刺瘿螨亚科4新种：野葛藤裂柄瘿螨Dichopelmus puerariae,sp．nov．,猪肚勒上三脊瘿螨Calepitrimerus jasmini,sp．nov．,环江项冠瘿螨Tegolophus huanjiangensis,sp．nov．,类芦新四瘿螨Neotetra neyraudiae,sp．nov．。模式标本保存在广西大学农学院。     

Bioluminescence of Aequorea macrodactyla, a Common Jellyfish Species in the East China Sea

Studies of the bioluminescent mechanisms of jellyfish have been mainly confined to one species, Aequorea victoria. We describe the luminescent system of another species, Aequorea macrodactyla, which is commonly found in the warmer waters on the coastal region of East China Sea. The luminescent system of this species consists of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and one or more aequorins. The GFP gene is 1042 bp. It encompasses a coding sequence of 717 bp organized as 3 exons, and it is predicted to specify a 27-kDa peptide, which shares 80% amino acid sequence identity with the GFP of A. victoria. The entire coding sequence was cloned into the pTO-T7 expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. Compared with GFP of A. victoria, the purified expressed protein exhibited an excitation peak at a higher wavelength of 476 nm and an emission peak at a lower wavelength of 496 nm, with a higher quantum yield of 1.0. The other photoprotein, aequorin, is encoded in a single open reading frame of 585 bp specifying a 23-kDa apoprotein. The gene was cloned in to the same expression vector and expressed in E. coli. The activity of the photoprotein was reconstituted by incubating the expressed apoprotein with coelenterazine f. In the presence of Ca²⁺ the reconstituted aequorin exhibits an emission peak at 470 nm. The kinetics of regeneration and the photoactivities of the reconstituted aequorins of the 2 species of jellyfish are similar. Nevertheless, Aequorea macrodactyla is expected to appear brighter and more ``blue' than Aequorea victorea because of the differences in the photoactivity of their GFPs.     

Four New Species and One Variety of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China

One variety, Elatostema bijiangense var. weixiense, belonging to sect. Weddellia ser. Crenata, one species, E.cucullatonaviculare, belonging to sect. Elatostema ser. Cuspidata, two species, E.luoi and E.heterogrammicum, belonging to sect. Elatostema ser. nanchuanensia, and one species, E.fugongense, belonging to sect. Elatostema ser. Albopilosa, are described as new from China.