Thinking from event of Kangtai hepatitis B vaccination

<正>Hepatitis B is an infectious disease with serious health implications caused by hepatitis B virus.With blood,iatrogenic,sexual and mother-to-fetus transmission as its main transmission routes,hepatitis B virus causes diseases including acute or chronic hepatitis,liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.Most adults infected with hepatitis B virus can be healed,while infected infants may typically live with a chronic and persistent infection.According to the national survey of hepatitis B epidemics conducted in 1979,among all surveyed people,the mean carrier rate of hepatitis B     

Assays for RNA synthesis and replication by the hepatitis C virus

At least six major genotypes of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause liver diseases worldwide.The efficacy rates with current standard of care are about 50％ against genotype 1,the most prevalent strain in the...     

D-ribose increases triglyceride via upregulation of DGAT in the liver

正Dear Editor,Fatty liver disease or hepatic steatosis, recognized as the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome, can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Youngwanichsetha,2018). Triglyceride, one of the most important lipid molecules, is involved in fatty liver (Kawano and Cohen, 2013)and other diseases such as hyperlipidaemia, coronary heart disease (Yin and Tang, 2011) and diabetes mellitus (Beshara et al., 2016). The liver is the main organ for triglyceride metabolism. Hepatocytes utilize non-esterified fatty acids and de novo lipogenesis to synthesize triglyceride, and the     

miRNA——肝病治疗的新靶点

tMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation and signaling pathways. Recent researches reveal that miRNAs also play an important role in genes related to hepatic diseases. The different expression profiles of miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma suggested that miRNA might serve as either novel potential targets acting directly as oncogenes or therapeutic molecular targets working as tumor suppressor genes. For better understanding the relationship between miRNAs and liver diseases and the prospects for therapy in future, this review summarizes the effects of miRNAs on hepatitis, alcohol induced liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Interplay between hepatitis C virus and ARF4

<正>Dear Editor,Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a major cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with about71 million people globally infected.HCV encodes only10 viral proteins and its replication relies on host proteins.Many host factors including ADP-ribosylation factors     

CARs: a new approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

The development of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-based therapeutic interventions represented a breakthrough in cancer treatment. Following the success of the CAR-T-cell strategy, this novel therapeutic approach has been applied to other diseases,including autoimmune diseases. Using CAR-T cells to deplete pathological immune cells(i.e., B cells, autoreactive B or T cells,and accessory antigen-presenting cells(APCs)) has resulted in favorable outcomes in diseases characterized by excessive autoan...     

Novel hepacivirus in Asian house shrew,China

<正>Dear Editor,Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading global cause of various liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The genome of HCV is monopartite, single-stranded, positive RNA, about 10 kb in size.HCV is the prototype species of the Hepacivirus genus,which contains 14 species according to the update from the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Smith et al., 2016). Prior to 2005, humans were thought to be the only     

42,573 cases of hepatectomy in China: a multicenter retrospective investigation

Hepatectomy is currently routinely performed in most hospitals in China. China owns the largest population of liver diseases and the biggest number of liver resection cases. A nationwide multicenter retrospective investigation involving 112 hospitals was performed, and focused on liver resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). 42,573 cases of hepatectomy were enrolled, and 18,275 valid cases of liver resection for HCC patients were selected for statistical analysis. The epidemiology of HCC, distribution of hepatectomy, postoperative complications and prognosis were finally analyzed. In the 18,275 HCC patients,81% had hepatitis B virus infection and 10% had hepatitis C virus infection. 38% of the HCC patients had normal Alphafetoprotein(AFP) level, and other 35% had an AFP level lower than 400 ng mL~(-1). In the study period, 97% of the hepatectomy for HCC were treated with open surgery, and 23.81% had vascular exclusion techniques. The operation time was(191.7±105.6) min,the blood loss was(546.0±562.8) m L, and blood transfusion was(543.0±1,035.2) m L. The median survival for HCC patients was 631 days, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival of 73.2%, 28.8% and 19.6%, respectively. Liver cirrhosis, multiple nodules,tumor thrombosis and high AFP level were risk factors that affect postoperative survival.     

Retromer localizes to autophagosomes during HCV replication

<正>Dear Editor,Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the genus Hepacivirus within the Flaviviridae family.HCV causes chronic liver diseases,and185 million people are infected(Messina et al.,2015).Currently,there is no approved vaccine to prevent hepatitis C.HCV induces autophagy through elevating reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels via the unfolded     

New avenues to treatment of liver cirrhosis

<正>Liver cirrhosis is the pathologic end stage of multiple liver diseases.The major complications of liver cirrhosis,such as hepatic encephalopathy,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and esophageal variceal bleeding are characterized by remarkable changes of the gut microbiota,which indicates that enteric dysbiosis might play an important role in the progression of liver cirrhosis[1,2].The human gastrointes-     

Quantitative analysis of site-specific N-glycans on sera haptoglobin βchain in liver diseases

The site-specific characterization of N-glycans in glycopro- teins with the potential of clinical application is important. In our previous report, the overall N-glycans of sera haptoglobin （Hp） β chain were found to be different in liver diseases. Hp β chain contains four potential sites of N-glycosylation. In this study, we investigated the potential change of N-glycans on Hp β chain in a site-specific fashion. Sera Hp β chain in healthy individuals as well as patients with hepatitis B virus （HBV）, liver cirrhosis （LC） and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） were purified, digested and subjected to liquid chromatography-electro- spray ionization-higher energy collision dissociation mass spectrometry, which allowed identification and structure determination of the glycopeptide, as well as the relative quantification of glycans present on each glycopeptide. The quantitative results revealed that the sialylation of NLFLN207HSEN211 ATAK and the fucosylated structure at all glycopeptides increased significantly in LC and HCC patients compared with those in HBV patients and healthy individuals. A set of different N-glycan patterns of Hp β chain in various liver diseases has been determined. Thus, the sialylated and fucosylated glycoforms of Hp β chain might be related to early hepatocarcinogenesis and also might be useful as novel differential markers for LC and HCC patients.     

乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者lncRNA表达谱分析

为了分析乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭(hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure,HBV-ACLF)患者与乙肝携带者(asymptomatic carrier,ASC)间差异表达的长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncR-NA...     

Association of the Late Cornified Envelope-3 Genes with Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis:A Systematic Review

Psoriasis(Ps)and psoriatic arthritis(Ps A)are genetically complex diseases with strong genetic evidence.Recently,susceptibility genes for Ps and Ps A have been identified within the late cornified envelop(LCE)gene cluster,especially the cluster 3(LCE3)genes.It is noteworthy that the deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C(LCE3C_LCE3B-del)is significantly associated with these two diseases.Gene-gene interactions between LCE3 genes and other genes are associated with Ps and Ps A.LCE3 genes also have pleiotropic effect on some autoimmune diseases,such as rheumatoid arthritis,atopic dermatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus.Further studies need to focus on the potential function of LCE3 genes in the pathogenesis of Ps and Ps A in the future.     

Green tea catechins prevent obesity through modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

Epidemiological evidence and experimental studies suggest that drinking green tea is associated with a lower risk of obesity and related diseases. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the anti-obesity mechanisms of green tea catechins (GTCs) through modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor (PPAR) pathways in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. GTC supplementation significantly attenuated the increased body and liver weights and the elevated serum and liver triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, GTCs increased the PPARγ levels in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) and decreased the PPAR levels in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT). In addition, GTC treatment up-regulated the levels of PPARδ in SWAT, VWAT, and brown adipose tissue and increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue. Our results suggest that GTCs exert their anti-obesity mechanism in part by modulating PPAR signaling pathways.     

A highly selective and sensitive upconversion nanoprobe for monitoring hydroxyl radicals in living cells and the liver

Excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS) would attack living cells and cause a series of oxidative stress related diseases, such as liver damage. Hydroxyl radicals(·OH) are currently known as one of the most toxic and harmful free radicals to organisms.Therefore, studies involving hydroxyl radicals have become important research topics in the fields of biology, biochemistry, and biomedicine. In addition, imaging of analytes using upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) possesses significant advantages over that using general fluorescent dyes or nanoparticles due to its high spatial resolution, reduced photodamage, and deep tissue penetration properties. Herein, we designed a highly selective and sensitive hydroxyl radical nanoprobe based on the luminescence resonance energy transfer between upconversion nanoparticles and methylene blue(MB). The concentration of ·OH could be determined by the fluorescence recovery of the UCNPs due to the oxidative damage of MB. Using this nanoprobe, the·OH in living cells or in liver tissues could be monitored with high sensitivity and selectivity.     

Anti-hepatitis B activities of ganoderic acid from Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderic acid, from Ganoderma lucidum, at 8 μg/ml inhibited replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HepG2215 cells over 8 days. Production of HBV surface antigen and HBV e antigen were 20 and 44% of controls without ganoderic acid. Male KM mice were significantly protected from liver injury, induced with carbon tetrachloride, by treatment with ganoderic acid at 10 mg and 30 mg/kg·d (by intravenous injection) 7 days. Ganoderic acid at the same dosage also significantly protected the mice from liver injury induced by M. bovis BCG plus lipopolysaccharide (from Escherichia coli 0127:B8).     

多囊肝病的治疗及进展

多囊肝病(polycystic liver diseases,PLD)是一种罕见的遗传性疾病,囊肿可单独出现于肝脏(常染色体显性遗传性多囊肝病)或者合并肾脏囊肿(常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病)。PLD是良性疾病,囊肿的体积和数量会持续不断的增长但肝脏功能不受影响。大部分患者无临床症状,无需治疗或仅需保守治疗。少数患者会因肝肿大占位效应或囊肿并发症而产生严重的临床症状时需要治疗,目的主要是减小肝脏的体积,治疗方法包括抽吸硬化术、开窗术、部分肝切除术、肝动脉栓塞术、肝脏移植术及药物治疗等。本文对PLD的治疗及进展进行综述。     

Oral administration of the herbal oligonucleotide XKC-sRNA-h3 prevents angiotensin Ⅱ-induced hypertension in mice

Hypertension has become a growing public health concern worldwide. In fact, hypertension is commonly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, oligonucleotide drugs have proven to be promising therapeutic agents for various diseases. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate that a herbal small RNA(s RNA), XKC-sRNA-h3(B55710460, F221.I000082.B11), exhibits potent antihypertensive effects by targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) in mice. When compared with captopril...     

Special Issue on “Microbiome and Health”

正The journal Genomics,ProteomicsBioinformatics(GPB)is now inviting submissions to a special issue(to be published in the fall of 2018)on the topic of"Microbiome and Health".In the era of precision medicine,the human"2ndgenome",namely the human microbiome,is of increasing interest worldwide.Firstly,the human microbiome has been linked to various diseases including metabolic diseases,cancers,heart diseases,or brain disorders,and autoimmune diseases.Secondly,changes in the microbiome are known or hypothesized to be proxies for