干扰素治疗各型病毒性肝炎的进展

干扰素治疗各型病毒性肝炎的进展＠李家斌＠吴锐￥安徽医科大学附属医院干扰素治疗各型病毒性肝炎的进展李家斌吴锐综述余鑫之审校（安徽医科大学附属医院,合肥市２３００２２）干扰素（ＩＦＮ）一种强有力的抗病毒、抗增殖和具有免疫调节功能的淋巴因子,在抗病毒抗感染方面起...     

综述:Ⅰ型干扰素在HIV-1感染中的作用具有两面性

Ⅰ型干扰素(以下简称为干扰素)是重要的抗病毒因子,也是临床上治疗病毒感染性疾病的药物．然而,干扰素在HIV感染中的作用一直存在争议．最近在HIV感染的人源化小鼠模型中发现,干扰素具有抑制HIV复制和破坏抗病毒免疫的双重作用．在抗病毒药物治疗的同时,注射干扰素受体的阻断抗体显著提高抗HIV特异性免疫反应,延缓停药后病毒反弹．这些研究结果提示,干扰素有望成为研发治疗艾滋病新型药物的靶点．     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒皮下感染小白鼠后脑组织中抑制物质的初步观察

继Issacs&Lindenmann二氏发现用灭活的流感病毒处理鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜能产生干扰素以来,已证明若干人类病毒在组织培养系统或动物亦能产生干扰素或类干扰素(病毒抑制物质)。其中包括大病毒(如牛痘病毒)和小病毒(如脊髓灰白质炎病毒);含DNA的病毒和含RNA的病毒。这说明病毒引起细胞产生这种抵抗感染发展的物质的性能是很普遍的。然而,关于流行性乙型脑炎病毒干扰素尚未见有报告。     

a——干扰素治疗慢性病毒性肝炎的现状和展望

长期以来ａ－干扰素治疗慢性乙型和丙型病毒型肝炎是有效的，临床治疗中已得到承认。但大剂量发现副作用明显，口含天然人ａ－干扰素无副作用，如果能替代ａ－干扰素并联合其它药物治疗，对病毒性疾病和恶性肿瘤将提供新的治疗方法。     

膦甲酸钠对宫颈高危HPV持续感染患者 病毒载量的影响

目的探讨抗病毒药物膦甲酸钠对宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)持续感染患者的病毒载量及HPV转阴率的影响,指导临床实践。方法选择2015年1月至2015年6月112例宫颈高危型HPV持续感染患者为研究对象,在充分知情同意的前提下,患者自愿选择进入治疗组或观察组,治疗组患者随机分成膦甲酸钠组和干扰素组。最终分组情况为:观察组43例,膦甲酸钠组34例,干扰素组35例。观察组患者不采取任何干预措施仅随访观察,治疗组患者分别予以膦甲酸钠静脉滴注3.0 g/次,1次/d,连用14 d;重组人干扰素a2b肌肉注射300万U/次,隔日1次,总共10次。于治疗后第1、3、6个月采用二代杂交捕获术(HC-2)对患者进行HPV DNA半定量分析,比较各组患者病毒载量的变化及HPV转阴率。结果第1、3、6个月治疗组患者HPV病毒载量较治疗前明显下降,HPV转阴率显著高于观察组;膦甲酸钠组患者HPV病毒载量下降幅度显著大于干扰素组;观察组患者各时间点HPV病毒载量无明显变化。治疗后第1、3、6个月,膦甲酸钠组患者有效率分别为47.06%、61.76%、79.41%,均显著高于观察组及干扰素组(P0.01)。在随访过程中,观察组患者未发现HPV转阴病例,治疗组转阴率为30.04%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);膦甲酸钠组患者转阴率为35.29%,干扰素组为25.71%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.75,P=0.27)。结论宫颈高危HPV持续感染患者自然清除率低,建议采取积极干预措施,膦甲酸钠能降低HPV病毒载量,促进HPV转阴,对持续性高危HPV感染患者有一定治疗意义。     

干扰素系统与病毒的相互作用

干扰素是最早发现的细胞因子之一,不同类型的IFN生物活性基本相同,具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等作用。病毒侵染细胞,诱导细胞产生IFN,IFN通过不同的作用机制启动宿主防御系统,激活酶和作用因子来拮抗病毒的侵染、复制和转录过程。正因为干扰素在抗病毒防御过程中的关键作用,因此病毒已经衍生出了有效的方式能够成功的侵染宿主。病毒通过表达一些拮抗蛋白来干扰IFN的诱导产生、IFN的信号转导或效应蛋白的作用,从而终止干扰素的产生并破坏干扰素诱导的其它因子的作用来逃避干扰素的作用。     

鱼类培养细胞干扰素的诱导

对紫外线灭活的草鱼出血病病毒（ＧＣＨＶ）－Ｆ９株,在几种鲤科鱼类培养细胞中诱导产生干扰素的能力及影响干扰素产量的各因素进行了研究。纯化的ＧＣＨＶ在紫外线照射５分丧失感染性,但获得了在ＣＡＢ等５种鲤科鱼类培养细胞中高铲诱导产生干扰素的能力。干扰素的诱导需要病毒高复数感染细胞。干扰素主要在诱导后１４小时时内产生。培养上清中的新生牛血清对干扰素的产量有抑制作用。而在ＰＨ６．２－７．８范围内对干扰素产量无     

α-干扰素治疗慢性病毒性肝炎的现状和展望

长期以来α－干扰素治疗慢性乙型和丙型病毒型肝炎是有效的,临床治疗中已得到承认。但大剂量发现副作用明显,口含天然人α－干扰素无副作用,如果能替代α－干扰素并联合其它药物治疗,对病毒性疾病和恶性肿瘤将提供新的治疗方法．     

基于水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)的溶瘤病毒研究进展

溶瘤病毒利用肿瘤细胞抗病毒信号通路缺损或病毒受体过表达的特点,实现在其中选择性高复制进而杀伤肿瘤细胞,同时刺激机体产生特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应,是目前肿瘤治疗研究领域的热点。水疱性口炎病毒(vesicular stomatitis virus,VSV)能依赖肿瘤细胞干扰素信号通路的缺陷特异性靶向肿瘤细胞,具有复制高效、广泛组织嗜性、人群低致病性、基因组较小且易操纵等优势,是一种具有发展潜力的溶瘤病毒载体。对水疱性口炎病毒的病毒学特征以及目前基于VSV溶瘤病毒关于提高肿瘤选择性、延长半衰期、增强溶瘤效果的研究进展进行综述,为基于VSV溶瘤制剂的开发提供依据,为肿瘤治疗提供新的策略。     

呼吸道病毒和干扰素对正常人淋巴细胞环磷酸腺苷产生的影响

将流感病毒和副流感病毒、α和β干扰素作用于正常人外周血淋巴细胞后,发现病毒和干扰素可明显降低正常人淋巴细胞内经异丙肾上腺素刺激后的环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)含量,但不影响淋巴细胞内基础cAMP含量。病毒和干扰素的这种抑制作用,可能是由于病毒和干扰素影响了淋巴细胞β受体的功能所致。     

The influence of type I interferons on immune cells can be mediated through regulation of estrogen receptor alpha level

Autoimmune disorders are connected with the actions of sex hormones. Clinical observations have shown that especially estrogens are involved in these phenomena. In some cases the administration of estrogens can increase the pathological symptoms of a disorder, while in others they can cause disease remission. In multiple autoimmune diseases, type I interferons, a family of cytokines acting through the common receptor IFNAR1/IFNAR2, seem to have action convergent with that of estrogens. We hypothesize that this coincidence is not accidental and type I interferons can regulate the level of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and consequently change the sensitivity of immune cells to estrogen's action. There is evidence that ERα is responsible for the effects exerted by estrogens and that this phenomenon mainly involves antigen-presenting cells. On the other hand, research on IFN-tau, a type I interferon family members, showed that this cytokine can modulate ERα levels in ovine endometrium. Because of the common receptor for these interferons, we suspect that other type I interferons can act in this way not only in endometrial cells, but also in immune cells. If there is such a mechanism, it can be exploited in the therapy of immune disorders, especially autoimmune disease, for example through simultaneous administration of less toxic interferons and estrogens.     

Viruses and autoimmune disease--two sides of the same coin?

Some viruses have the ability to modulate the development of autoimmune diseases. Virus infections have long been associated with the exacerbation of autoimmune disease, however, there is also evidence that viruses can actually protect against autoimmune disease. Several experimental models have been developed to investigate how some virus infections can prime for and trigger autoimmunity whereas others ameliorate the pathway leading to clinical disease. It is possible that the type I interferons, via interleukin 12, provide the link between viruses and autoimmunity.     

甲型流感病毒感染过程中干扰素介导的天然免疫应答机制

甲型流感病毒作为引起人类和动物急性呼吸道传染病的一个主要病原体,在世界范围内广泛流行。研究表明,甲型流感病毒感染宿主后会诱导宿主的天然免疫应答。甲型流感病毒感染可引起Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)和RIG-Ⅰ样受体(RIG-Ⅰ like receptors,RLRs)等宿主模式识别受体介导的抗病毒信号通路的活化,并在多种机制调控下诱导干扰素和其他细胞因子的表达,如Ⅰ型干扰素、Ⅲ型干扰素等,从而启动干扰素刺激基因(Interferon stimulated genes,ISGs)的转录及其抗病毒蛋白的表达,进而实现抗病毒作用。本文就甲型流感病毒感染与干扰素介导的天然免疫应答相关的信号通路和调控机制进行综述。     

我国柑桔主要病毒类病害及其无毒化技术研究进展(综述)

本文简述柑桔黄龙病、衰退病、裂皮病及碎叶病病原性质及对生产的危害,概述柑桔无毒化技术的研究进展。     

Type 1 interferons and myositis

Recent studies suggest a mechanistic role for molecules induced by type 1 interferons in the pathogenesis of some forms of myositis. For dermatomyositis, evidence that these molecules injure myofibers seems especially strong. In the group of disorders known as polymyositis, the study of blood samples suggests a potential role. It is unknown what drives the sustained presence of type 1 interferon-inducible molecules in these diseases, as the type 1 interferons themselves have not been specifically detected along with their downstream biomarkers. Therapeutic development for blockade of IFNα is in progress aided by the identification of blood genomic biomarkers.     

JDV与三种牛反转录病毒相互关系的初步研究

为研究JDV与其它三种牛反转录病毒BIV、BLV、BFV的相互作用关系,将以JDV、BIV、BLV、BFV的LTR为启动子,以Luc为报告基因的质粒和以上病毒反式激活因子的表达质粒共转染BLl2细胞系,通过瞬时表达分析试验证明了JDV和BIV的LTR和Tat之间亲缘关系很近,能够相互激活;JDV Tat可以反式激活BLVLTR,BLVTax不能激活JDVLTR;JDVLTR上存在BFVTas的应答元件;BLV、BFV和BIV的LTR和反式激活因子问不存在相互激活。     

Susceptibility to AcMNPV and Expression of Recombinant Proteins by a Novel Cell Clone Derived from a Trichoplusia ni QAU-BTI-Tn9-4s Cell Line

It is well known that Tn5B1-4 (commercially known as the High Five) cell line is highly susceptible to baculovirus and provides superior production of recombinant proteins when compared to other insect cell lines.But the characteristics of the cell line do not always remain stable and may change upon continuous passage.Recently an alphanodavirus,named Tn5 Cell Line Virus (or TNCL Virus),was identified in High Five cells in particular.Therefore,we established a new cell line,QB-Tn9-4s,from Trichoplusia ni,wh...     

Impact of virus preparation quality on parvovirus filter performance

Virus‐removal filtration technology is commonly used in the manufacturing process for biologics to remove potential viral contaminants. Virus‐removal filters designed for retaining parvovirus, one of the smallest mammalian viruses, are considered an industry standard as they can effectively remove broad ranges of viruses. It has long been observed that the performance of virus filters can be influenced by virus preparations used in the laboratory scale studies (PDA, 2010 ). However, it remains unclear exactly what quality attributes of virus preparations are critical or indicative of virus filter performance as measured by effectiveness of virus removal and filter capacity consistency. In an attempt to better understand the relationship between virus preparation and virus filter performance, we have systematically prepared and analyzed different grades of parvovirus with different purity levels and compared their performance profiles on Viresolve® Pro parvovirus filters using four different molecules. Virus preparations used in the studies were characterized using various methods to measure DNA and protein content as well as the hydrodynamic diameter of virus particles. Our results indicate that the performance of Viresolve® Pro filters can be significantly impacted depending on the purity of the virus preparations used in the spike and recovery studies. More importantly, we have demonstrated that the purity of virus preparations is directly correlated to the measurable biochemical and biophysical properties of the virus preparations such as DNA and protein content and monodispersal status, thus making it possible to significantly improve the consistency and predictability of the virus filter performance during process step validations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 229–239. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Infectious Disease Risk of Cadaveric Tissue Donors Who Used Non-injected Illicit Drugs

This study assessed the correlation between a history of non-injection illicit drug use by cadaveric tissue donors and the presence of markers for Human Immunodeficieny Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human T Lymphocyte Virus Types I–II (HTLV-I–II), and Syphilis in their blood. It was found in 12,227 donors recovered in 2000–2002 that 9.68% of individuals with a history of non-injection drug use were seropositive for one or more infectious disease markers compared to 4.26% of donors without a history of drug abuse (p < 0.001). A history of non-injection drug use had a positive predictive value of 9.68% and a negative predictive value of 95.74%. Analysis of seropositivity rates associated with individual drugs indicated that 9.6% of cocaine abusers were positive for one or more markers (p < 0.001). Other drugs exhibited higher rates of seropositivity but the numbers were insufficient for statistical analysis. Other risk factors (transfusion of blood/blood products, tattoos and body piercing, incarceration) were not associated with higher incidence of infectious disease markers.