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1.
A histochemical investigation on the cell walls of the hypostasein Torenia fournieri Lind. (Scrophulariaceae) revealed thatthey contain large amounts of callose, cellulose and pectins.Except in the middle lamellae, tests failed to show lignin inthe walls. It is surmised that the callose in the hypostasedevelops in order to regulate the flow of metabolites to theembryo sac. Torenia fournieri Lind., hypostase, cell wall, callose 相似文献
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Functional divergence within class B MADS-box genes TfGLO and TfDEF in Torenia fournieri Lind 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Katsutomo Sasaki Ryutaro Aida Hiroyasu Yamaguchi Masahito Shikata Tomoya Niki Takaaki Nishijima Norihiro Ohtsubo 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2010,284(5):399-414
Homeotic class B genes GLOBOSA (GLO)/PISTILLATA (PI) and DEFICIENS (DEF)/APETALA3 (AP3) are involved in the development of petals and stamens in Arabidopsis. However, functions of these genes in the development of floral organs in torenia are less well known. Here, we demonstrate
the unique floral phenotypes of transgenic torenia formed due to the modification of class B genes, TfGLO and TfDEF. TfGLO-overexpressing plants showed purple-stained sepals that accumulated anthocyanins in a manner similar to that of petals. TfGLO-suppressed plants showed serrated petals and TfDEF-suppressed plants showed partially decolorized petals. In TfGLO-overexpressing plants, cell shapes on the surfaces of sepals were altered to petal-like cell shapes. Furthermore, TfGLO- and TfDEF-suppressed plants partially had sepal-like cells on the surfaces of their petals. We isolated putative class B gene-regulated
genes and examined their expression in transgenic plants. Three xyloglucan endo-1,4-beta-d-glucanase genes were up-regulated in TfGLO- and TfDEF-overexpressing plants and down-regulated in TfGLO- and TfDEF-suppressed plants. In addition, 10 anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes, including anthocyanin synthase and chalcone isomerase,
were up-regulated in TfGLO-overexpressing plants and down-regulated in TfGLO-suppressed plants. The expression patterns of these 10 genes in TfDEF transgenic plants were diverse and classified into several groups. HPLC analysis indicated that sepals of TfGLO-overexpressing plants accumulate the same type of anthocyanins and flavones as wild-type plants. The difference in phenotypes
and expression patterns of the 10 anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes between TfGLO and TfDEF transgenic plants indicated that TfGLO and TfDEF have partial functional divergence, while they basically work synergistically in torenia. 相似文献
3.
The effects of several growth regulators and amino acids onin vitro organogenesis of Torenia fournieri Lind. were determinedusing internodal segments. Treatment with 2,4-D1 resulted innodular callus formation, while NAA and IAA induced roots constantlybut much less frequently shoot buds. Individually BA, zeatin,and 4-PU induced bud formation, but these shoot buds did notdevelop further. Formation of buds by cytokinin was influencedby a simultaneous application of NAA or 2,4-D, but not of IAA,its degree being reduced when BA was simultaneously appliedwith NAA or 2,4-D. When zeatin or kinetin was added with NAA,numerous roots were induced. The effects of various L-amino acids on in vitro organogenesiswere also investigated using the defined medium in which KNO3was a principal source of nitrogen. The formation of buds wasconsiderably stimulated by alanine and asparagine, and slightlyby glutamic acid in the medium containing both NAA and BA, inwhich bud formation was easily induced. On the other hand, allamino acids except for glutamic acid and aspartic acid inhibitedroom formation in this medium. Root formation was greatly stimulated by proline, alanine, glutamine,glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, and slightly by arginine andtryptophan in the medium containing NAA but no BA. Glutamicacid and aspartic acid also enhanced bud formation in this medium. 相似文献
4.
Explosive discharge of pollen tube contents in Torenia fournieri 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
5.
蓝猪耳(Torenia fournieri L.)胚囊半裸露,在光学显微镜下能清楚观察到卵细胞、助细胞及部分中央细胞的形态结构,有助于原位观察卵细胞在受精前后的变化状态,被认为是研究被子植物体内受精机理的一种模式植物。综述了蓝猪耳的受精机理:花粉管定向进入胚囊的方式与机理、钙在受精过程中的作用、受精前后胚囊细胞骨架的动态变化。简要介绍了离体受精技术在蓝猪耳受精生物学中的发展应用。根据前人对蓝猪耳的研究成果并结合我们的研究,指出蓝猪耳在受精生物学中的应用,特别是借助离体受精技术平台,将具有更大的研究前景。 相似文献
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利用常规石蜡切片和超薄切片技术研究蓝猪耳(Torenia fournien)小孢子发生和雄配子体发育过程.蓝猪耳雄蕊4枚,花药具4个花粉囊.小孢子母细胞经减数分裂成四分体,其排列方式为四面体形或左右对称形.成熟花粉属2细胞型,具3个萌发孔.花药壁发育为双子叶型,腺质绒毡层.小孢子母细胞在四分体时期频繁出现细胞质降解的异常现象,其它发育阶段均正常;小孢子母细胞不正常的减数分裂可能导致花粉败育,这可能是蓝猪耳结实率低的原因之一. 相似文献
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蓝猪耳的组织培养和植株再生 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
1 植物名称 蓝猪耳 (Toreniafournieri)。2 材料类别 叶片。3 培养条件 ( 1 )MS培养基 ;( 2 )MS +NAA 0 .1mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) + 6 BA 1 ;( 3)MS +IAA 0 .1 +6 BA 1 ,( 4 )MS + 2 ,4 D 0 .1 + 6 BA 1 ;( 5 )MS +2 ,4 D 0 .0 1 + 6 BA 1 ;( 6)MS +IAA 1。培养基均加 0 .7%琼脂、3%蔗糖 ,pH 5 .8。培养温度为 2 2~2 5℃ ,每天照光 1 2h ,光照度 1 5 0 0~ 2 0 0 0lx。4 生长与分化情况4.1 芽的诱导 切取蓝猪耳幼苗叶片 ,用蒸馏水冲洗干净后 ,在 70 %酒精中浸洗 30s,然… 相似文献
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研究了根癌农杆菌介导蓝猪耳转化的影响因子。结果表明,以蓝色花类型蓝猪耳5~6周的叶片为外植体,在OD600为0.5~0.6的活化菌液中浸染5~10min,暗培养4d后,在愈伤组织诱导培养基(MS+BA 1.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L)上生长14d,获得抗性愈伤组织;经芽诱导培养基(1/2MS+BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L)培养28d得到抗性芽;生根培养基(1/2MS)上培养14d得到抗性植株。经PCR检测证实外源基因已整合到蓝猪耳基因组中,转化率达13%~14%。Cef和Hyg浓度对转化影响较大,转化的不同阶段其适宜浓度不同。 相似文献
11.
Inter-Tissue Correlations in Organ Fragments: Organogenetic Capacity of Tissues Excised from Stem Segments of Torenia fournieri Lind Cultured Separately in Vitro 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Chlyah H 《Plant physiology》1974,54(3):341-348
In order to study the effect of inter-tissue correlations on the organogenetic capacities of various tissues of stem segments of Torenia fournieri Lind, different types of explants were excised and grown separately: epidermis, subepidermal parenchyma, epidermis plus subepidermal parenchyma but devoid of vascular tissue and stem segments devoid of epidermis. 相似文献
12.
Various membrane-impermeable, water-soluble fluorescent tracers with different molecular weights were microinjected into
the central cell of the embryo sac of Torenia fournieri Lind. before and during fertilization. Before anthesis, there was high symplastic permeability between the central cell and
the egg apparatus cells. In this stage, fluorescent tracers up to 10 kDa could pass from the central cell into the egg apparatus
cells, whereas those with larger molecular weight remained in the central cell. As the embryo sac matured, symplastic permeability
decreased such that 2 d after anthesis only tracers less than 3 kDa could spread from the central cell into the egg cell.
There appeared to be no symplastic permeability between the primary endosperm and zygote after fertilization, since tracers
as small as 521 Da could not pass into the zygote in about half of the microinjected embryo sacs. This is the first report
of a change in cell-to-cell communication among the cells of the female germ unit before and after fertilization.
Received: 16 December 1999 / Accepted: 4 February 2000 相似文献
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R. Mól 《Plant cell reports》1986,5(3):202-206
Protoplasts from the cells of mature embryo sacs (ES-protoplasts) of Torenia fournieri were obtained during incubation of ovules in an enzyme solution. Four protoplasts which arose from each embryo sac were connected together after isolation, or aggregates of the egg cell protoplast and two synergide protoplasts dissociated from the protoplast of the central cell. The ES-protoplasts stayed viable for 2 weeks in culture, but they did not regenerate cell walls.Abbreviations ES
embryo sac
- FAA
fixative (formalin : acetic acid : alcohol = 1 : 1 : 18)
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- PAS
periodic acid Schiff reaction
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
16.
蓝猪耳卵细胞和合子的分离 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
蓝猪耳(Torenia fournieri)胚囊部分裸露出胚珠,在光学显微镜下能清楚观察到卵细胞和助细胞的形态结构.用解剖和酶解-解剖两种方法都能分离出生活卵细胞.用前种方法机械分离出的卵细胞数量较少(5%),但避免了酶对配子识别研究的干扰.在后种方法中加入0.1%纤维素酶和0.1%果胶酶既能使分离更加容易操作,又对卵细胞没有致命伤害,能在短时间内分离出较多的卵细胞(18%).用酶解-解剖方法也可分离出授粉14 h后的合子细胞. 相似文献
17.
A new method is reported to isolate and handle living megagametophytes of Torenia fournieri at any developmental stage. The stages were determined using light microscopy and delimited by correlating floral morphological
traits. When significant changes in the osmotic pressure were found during development, enzyme solutions contained different
concentrations of osmoticum. Osmotic pressure is lowest in the megaspore, increases until the four-nucleate stage and then
gradually decreases until complete embryo sac formation. In enzymatic solutions containing appropriate concentrations of osmoticum,
protoplasts of megaspores, two-, four-, eight-nucleate embryo sacs, egg cells, synergids and central cells were successfully
isolated. The living protoplasts were collected by micromanipulator, transferred into microdroplets and tested for viability.
Received: 1 June 1998 / Revision accepted: 20 May 1999 相似文献
18.
Changes in actin organization in the living egg apparatus of Torenia fournieri during fertilization 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Ying Fu Ming Yuan B.-Q. Huang Hong-Yuan Yang Sze-Yong Zee T. P. O’Brien 《Sexual plant reproduction》2000,12(6):315-322
Changes in actin organization in the living egg apparatus of Torenia fournieri from anthesis to post-fertilization have been investigated using microinjection and confocal microscopy. Our results revealed
that the actin cytoskeleton displays dramatic changes in the egg apparatus and appears to coordinate the events of synergid
degeneration, pollen tube arrival and gametic fusion during fertilization. Synergid degeneration occurs after anthesis and
is accompanied by actin fragmentation and degradation. The actin cytoskeleton becomes organized with numerous aggregates in
the chalazal end of the degenerating synergid, and some of the actin infiltrates into the intercellular gap between synergids,
egg and central cell, forming a distinct actin band. An actin cap is present near the filiform apparatus after anthesis and
disappears after pollen tube arrival. In the egg cell, actin filaments initially organize into a network and after pollination
become fragmented into numerous patches in the cortex. These structures, along with the actin in the degenerating synergid
and intercellular spaces form two distinct actin coronas during fertilization. The actin coronas vanish after gametic fusion.
This is the first report of changes in actin organization in the living egg apparatus. The reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton
in the egg apparatus and the presence of the actin coronas during fertilization suggest these events may be a necessary prelude
to reception of the pollen tube and fusion of the male and female gametes.
Received: 11 November 1999 / Accepted: 31 January 2000 相似文献
19.
Xue-Qiong Liu Jiao-Jiao Shi Hua Fan Jiao Jiao Long Gao Li Tan Shingo Nagawa Dan-Yang Wang 《Plant physiology》2021,185(1):137
The progression of the cell cycle is continuous in most cells, but gametes (sperm and egg cells) exhibit an arrest of the cell cycle to await fertilization to form a zygote, which then continues through the subsequent phases to complete cell division. The phase in which gametes of flowering plants arrest has been a matter of debate, since different phases have been reported for the gametes of different species. In this study, we reassessed the phase of cell-cycle arrest in the gametes of two species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Torenia fournieri. We first showed that 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was not feasible to detect changes in gametic nuclear DNA in T. fournieri. Next, using 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining that detects DNA replication by labeling the EdU absorbed by deoxyribonucleic acid, we found that the replication of nuclear DNA did not occur during gamete development but during zygote development, revealing that the gametes of these species have a haploid nuclear DNA content before fertilization. We thus propose that gametes in the G1 phase participate in the fertilization event in Arabidopsis and T. fournieri. The replication of nuclear DNA does not occur during gamete development but during zygote development. 相似文献