中国西北地区维特疣(虫兆)属一新种(弹尾纲,疣(虫兆)科)

描述了采自中国西北地区的维特疣属Vitronura1新种——陕西维特疣,模式标本保存在中国科学院上海生命科学研究院。新种与属内其它种的区别在于上颚具有7齿,上唇有4根毛,头部背面毛的数量明显少于其它种类,An疣上有2根毛,胸部第2～3节的Di疣上分别有3根毛,腹部第1～4节De疣上分别有3根普通毛和1根感觉毛,腹部第5节的Di疣互相分离。文中同时还编制了该属中国种类检索表。     

中国颚毛(虫兆)属二新种(弹尾目,疣(虫兆)科)

记述了采白海南和浙江省的弹尾目疣[虫兆]科颚毛[虫兆]属Crossodonthina Yosii,2新种,海南颚毛yao C．hainana sp．nov．和天童颚毛yao C．tiantongshana sp．nov．。海南颚毛[虫兆]头部每侧有眼2个,弹器痕上有6根刚毛,非常容易与本属其它已知种类分开。天童颚毛[虫兆]与上海产的Crossodonthina tridentiens Yue＆Yin,1999相似,两者的主要区别是：新种的上颚有两条长的、羽毛状分支和具5齿的片状突起,且基部齿长而细;下颚的内颚叶端部及近基部各有1齿;新种腹部第5节有3＋3个疣状突起,而C．tridentiens有2＋2个疣状突起;新种的爪部内侧有2个小齿,1个大齿,C．tridentiens只有1大齿。模式标本保存于上海生命科学研究院,植物生理生态所昆虫标本馆。     

韩国新纪录属拟纹赤眼蜂属及一新种记述(膜翅目,赤眼蜂科)

首次报道了拟纹赤眼蜂属Lathromeroidea Girault在韩国的分布,并记述了1新种,多齿拟纹赤眼蜂Lathromeriodea multidenta sp.nov.。新种与L.ajmerensis Yousuf＆Shafee相似,但新种痣脉短于缘脉的一半,痣后脉较为发达,产卵器着生于腹部腹面基部;新种与L.silvarum Nowicki也相似,但前者个体较大,上颚具5齿,第3～5节棒节长度比例也不相同。正模标本保存于韩国首尔国立大学无脊椎动物资源库,副模保存于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院昆虫研究室。     

米氏球角跳属中国新纪录及一新种(弹尾目,球角跳科)

报道了球角跳科在中国的1新纪录属"米氏球角跳属",并描述了1新种,新种命名为鞍山米氏球角跳Mitchellania anshanensis sp.nov.鞍山米氏球角跳与描述自西伯利亚的M.subhorrida Babenko,1994相似,两者的主要区别在于:新种体长仅0.8mm,腹部第5节背面p1毛之间体表颗粒数量为17～20,触角第4节腹面有20～25个弯曲且顶端膨大的短小感觉毛,爪部生有1内齿,但无侧齿,胸部第2和第3节背面感觉毛短小精巧,腹部第1～3节背面感觉毛与普通刚毛长度相同;M.subhorrida体长达到1.5mm,腹部第5节背面p1毛之间体表颗粒数量为8～10,触角第4节腹面弯曲且顶端膨大的短小感觉毛数量范围为30～35个,爪部生有1内齿和1侧齿,胸部第2节、腹部第1～3节背面感觉毛与普通刚毛长度相同,胸部第3节和腹部第2节背面感觉毛短小粗壮.模式标本保存在中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所.     

中国鳞属Tomocerus一新种(弹尾目:鳞科)

本文记述了中国鳞属1新种:王朗鳞Tomocerus(Tomocerina)wanglangensis,sp.nov.。模式标本保存于西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院昆虫标本室。王朗鳞虫兆Tomocerus(Tomocerina)wanglangensis,新种(图1~9)本新种和白鳞虫兆T.(Tomocerina)calceusLiuetal.1999非常相似,但新种爪内缘齿为1,1,1;弹器齿节刺简单、不具褶,刺序为2/1,Ⅰ,1,Ⅰ;弹器端节间齿数为2。正模♀,四川省平武县王朗,1800m,06-Ⅹ-2002,刘永琴;副模:3♀♀,5♂♂,同正模。     

青海省库蠓属一新种(双翅目:蠓科)

1981年在青海省玉树藏族自治州采到库蠓属(Culicoides)一新种。记述如下。 新种模式标本保存于辽宁省卫生防疫站。 青海库蠓 Culicoides qinghaiensis,新种(图1) 雌蠓 头部:两复眼光裸并分离,复眼间宽约等于一个小眼面直径,有上、下横缝;触角嗅觉窝位于第Ⅲ—Ⅹ节上,触角比约1.5;下颚须第3节明显扩展,感觉器聚合于节端部一感觉窝内,感觉窝深达节中部;上颚有齿15个,外颚叶有齿22个。胸部:翅面全呈淡色,无暗斑,长毛布于全翅面,基室亦有长毛,翅长约1.5毫米;后足胫节鬃5根。腹部:有发达的受精囊两个,略不等大,近椭圆形,有短颈。     

浙江台州刺齿䖴属一新种及其一龄幼体描述（弹尾纲：长角䖴科）

记述了浙江省刺齿属一腹部第四节前缘"眉毛"仅具4根大刚毛的新种:四毛刺齿Homidia quadriseta Pan sp.nov.。此新种的鉴定特征是腹部第3节整节以及第4节的后半节为深色,腹部第3节中间具1根大刚毛,腹部第4节前缘"眉毛"具2+2大刚毛,后侧中间具3根大刚毛,上唇基具12根刚毛,齿节内侧刺少(7–8根)且多数呈细纤毛状;同时,本文还描述了该新种的一龄幼虫。模式标本保存于台州学院生命科学学院。     

铗(虫八)科昆虫的研究(Ⅵ)

触角无感觉毛。上颚端部不膨大,有三齿,下颚内叶5瓣全为梳状。下唇须明显。胸部气门4对。前跗具2侧爪及一中爪。腹部第一腹板上无基节器。尾比第十腹节短得多,左右基本对称;其内缘有一大齿及二小齿;左尾内缘有一排约     

中国赤蜂属一新种(膜翅目:蜜蜂总科, 条蜂科)

本文记述采自我国新疆的条蜂属一新种。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。 角条蜂Anthophora antennalis新种 雄虫 体长8毫米,黑色,头部(图1)唇基、上唇(基部两侧圆形褐色斑)、上颚(端部黑褐色)、颜侧(触角窝以下)、额唇基区、触角柄节及梗节的前表面均黄色;触角鞭节上表面红褐色,第1节基部及末节黑色;触角下表面褐色;各基跗节黑褐色,2-4跗节褐色;翅基片红褐色;胫节距浅黄色;腹部1—5节背板端缘黄褐色。头部明显横宽(长比宽为5:7);上颚无内齿;上唇横宽(长比宽为3:4),刻点粗而不均匀;唇基隆起较弱(图2),刻点     

广西光胸臭蚁属一新种(膜翅目:蚁科)

记述采自广西十万大山自然保护区的光胸臭蚁属1新种,即小光胸臭蚁Liometopum minimum sp.nov.新种个体小,上颚具5齿,并胸腹节基面短,为斜面上的1／3,后腹部绒毛指向后方而易于与东洋界已描述的2种相区别,文中还提供中国已知2种及1变种的工蚁分种检索表。新种模式标本保存于广西师范大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

Seed bank survival of an invasive species,but not of two native species,declines with invasion

Soil-borne seed pathogens may play an important role in either hindering or facilitating the spread of invasive exotic plants. We examined whether the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) affected fungi-mediated mortality of conspecific and native shrub seeds in a deciduous forest in eastern Missouri. Using a combination of L. maackii removal and fungicide treatments, we found no effect of L. maackii invasion on seed viability of the native Symphoricarpos orbiculatus (Caprifoliaceae) or Cornus drummondii (Cornaceae). In contrast, fungi were significant agents of L. maackii seed mortality in invaded habitats. Losses of L. maackii to soil fungi were also significant in invaded habitats where L. maackii had been removed, although the magnitude of the effect of fungi was lower, suggesting that changes in soil chemistry or microhabitat caused by L. maackii were responsible for affecting fungal seed pathogens. Our work suggests that apparent competition via soil pathogens is not an important factor contributing to impacts of L. maackii on native shrubs. Rather, we found that fungal seed pathogens have density-dependent effects on L. maackii seed survival. Therefore, while fungal pathogens may provide little biotic resistance to early invasion by L. maackii, our study illustrates that more work is needed to understand how changes in fungal pathogens during the course of an invasion contribute to the potential for restoration of invaded systems. More generally, our study suggests that increased rates of fungal pathogen attack may be realized by invasive plants, such as L. maackii, that change the chemical or physical environment of the habitats they invade.     

Ceratocystis species, including two new species associated with nitidulid beetles, on eucalypts in Australia

The genus Ceratocystis includes important fungal pathogens of trees, including Eucalyptus spp. Ironically, very little is known regarding the diversity or biology of Ceratocystis species on Eucalyptus species in Australia, where most of these trees are native. The aim of this study was to survey for Ceratocystis spp., and their possible insect associates, on eucalypts in Australia and thus to establish a foundation of knowledge regarding these fungi on the continent. Collections were made in three states of Australia from wounds on trees, as well as from nitidulid beetles associated with these wounds. Ceratocystis spp. were identified based on morphology and multigene sequence comparisons. Of the 54 isolates obtained, two previously unknown species of Ceratocystis were found and these are described here as Ceratocystis corymbiicola sp. nov. and Ceratocystis tyalla sp. nov. Furthermore, the distribution of Ceratocystis pirilliformis is expanded to include Eucalyptus spp. in Tasmania.     

Karyotypic analysis of Cajanus,Atylosia, and Rhynchosia species

Summary Somatic chromosomes of two cultivais of Cajanus cajan, eight species of Atylosia (A. albicans, A. cajanifolia, A. lineata, A. platycarpa, A. scarabaeoides, A. serica, A. trinervia and A. volubilis), and of Rhynchosia rothii were analysed. All species had 2n=22. Eight of the 10 species studied had two pairs of satchromosomes while A. scarabaeoides and A. sericea had only one sat-chromosome pair. Based on relative chromosome length (L%), arm ratio (pa-value) and presence or absence of secondary constriction, a karyotype formula for each species was formulated. Based on these parameters the chromosome pairs could also be assigned to groups ranging from 8 to 10 in different species. Except for the asymmetrical karyotype of A. albicans, the other species had rather moderately symmetrical karyotypes.     

Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Iberian rock lizard species,Iberolacerta cyreni,and cross‐species priming in other Iberolacerta species

Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci are described for the Iberian rock lizard species, Iberolacerta cyreni. Loci were isolated from a partial genomic library that had been enriched for AAAG repeat sequence. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 13 in a sample of 24 individuals from the Sierra de Guadarrama (central Spain). Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.96. At least three loci were amplified and polymorphic in four other Iberian rock lizard species: Iberolacerta monticola, Iberolacerta bonnali, Iberolacerta aranica and Iberolacerta aurelioi. These markers will be used to study mating strategies and reproductive success in I. cyreni.     

Seasonality and species composition of Peristenus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species,and Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae) species parasitism in southern Alberta,Canada

We report a long-term survey summarising the seasonal variation in species composition of Peristenus species, and their levels of parasitism in an assemblage of Lygus spp., over more than 10 years in southern Alberta in western Canada. Plants sampled include alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and stands of different weed and grass species commonly found on crop field edges. Three native Peristenus species (Peristenus dayi, Peristenus mellipes, and Peristenus howardi) were recorded in 2003–2011 and 2013–2015. In laboratory trials, P. mellipes emerged 13 days earlier than P. howardi. Degree-days for field-collected individuals suggested a sequential occurrence during the growing season: P. dayi appears early in the season, followed by P. mellipes, and later on by P. howardi. Studies of species composition and phenology of native parasitoids of insect pests provide valuable baseline information when considering introduction of exotic agents, and contribute to the management and improvement of conservation biological control by endemic natural enemies in agricultural systems.     

Integration, individuality and species concepts

Integration (interaction among parts of an entity) is suggested to be necessary for individuality (contra, Metaphysics and the Origin of Species). A synchronic species is an integrated individual that can evolve as a unified whole; a diachronic lineage is a non-integrated historical entity that cannot evolve. Synchronic species and diachronic lineages are consequently suggested to be ontologically distinct entities, rather than alternative perspectives of the same underlying entity (contra Baum (1998), Syst. Biol. 47, 641–653; de Queiroz (1995), Endless Forms: Species and Speciation, pp. 57–75; Genes, Categories and Species). Species concepts usually refer to either one or the other entity; for instance, the Biological Species Concept refers to synchronic species, whereas the Cladistic Species Concept refers to diachronic lineages. The debate over species concepts has often failed to recognise this distinction, resulting in invalid comparisons between definitions that attempt to delineate fundamentally different entities. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Five Recent Mya species, including three new species and their fossil connections

Three new species of Mya Linné are described from Greenland. Mya eideri sp. nov. is figured and compared with boreal and fossil species with which it has been confused, and the known distribution of the species is indicated. The validity in Recent faunas of the fossil species M. pseudoarenaria and M. uddevallensis is discussed; two new Recent species, M. neoovata sp. nov. and M. neouddevallensis sp. nov., from Ikka Fjord, southwest Greenland, and Scoresbysund, East Greenland, respectively, are described for Recent material of the comparable two fossil taxa. Accepted: 2 May 1999     

Maintenance of species boundaries in three sympatric Ligularia (Senecioneae,Asteraceae) species

The key process in speciation concerns the formation and maintenance of reproductive isolating barriers between diverging lineages. Although species boundaries are frequently investigated between two species across many taxa, reproductive isolating barriers among multiple species (>2) that would represent the most common phenomenon in nature, remain to be clarified. Here, we use double digest restriction‐site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to examine patterns of hybridization at a sympatric site where three Ligularia species grow together and verify whether those patterns contribute to the maintenance of boundaries among species. The results based on the RAD SNP datasets indicated hybridization Ligularia cyathiceps × L. duciformis and L. duciformis × L. yunnanensis were both restricted to F₁s plus a few first‐generation backcrosses and no gene introgression were identified, giving rise to strong reproductive isolation among hybridizing species. Moreover, hybrid swarm simulation, using HYBRIDLAB, indicated the RAD SNP datasets had sufficient discriminatory power for accurate hybrid detection. We conclude that parental species show strong reproductive isolation and they still maintain species boundaries, which may be the key mechanism to maintain species diversity of Ligularia in the eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas. Moreover, this study highlights the effectiveness of RAD sequencing in hybridization studies.     

All species are important,but some species are more important than others

Foundation species control biodiversity and ecosystem processes, but are difficult to identify. In this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, Elumeeva et al. show that Festuca varia and Nardus stricta act as foundation species in the Caucasus’ alpine. This paper augments the piecemeal literature on foundation species while highlighting the need for more comprehensive approaches to their identification and conservation.