甘肃石栖蝗属一新种(直翅目,网翅蝗科)

记述采自甘肃的网翅蝗科石栖蝗属Saxetophilus 1新种,即甘肃石栖蝗S.gansuensis sp.nov.,新种近似于石栖蝗S.petulans Umnov,1930和米氏石栖蝗S.mistshenkoiNaumovitsh,1988,与它们的区别见表1.并附有石栖蝗属种的检索表.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室.     

西藏拟无声蝗属一新种(直翅目,网翅蝗科)

记述采自西藏拉萨河地区拟无声蝗属1新种,直缘拟无声蝗 Pseudoasonus orthomarginis sp. nov.。新种近似于白玉拟无声蝗Pseudoasonus baiyueusis Zheng,1990。主要区别为:1)前胸背板沟前区长为沟后区长的1.75倍;2)前翅顶端尖锐;3)雌性中胸腹板侧叶间中隔宽为长的2.5倍;4)前胸背板后横沟不切断中侧隆线。附有拟无声蝗属分种检索表。新种的模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

新疆天山地区雏蝗属一新种(直翅目,网翅蝗科)

记述采自新疆天山地区雏蝗属1新种,即天山雏蝗Chorthippus tianshanensis sp.nov.,新种近似于红胫雏蝗Chorthippus rufitibis Zheng,1989,主要区别为:1)前胸背板沟后区长为沟前区的1.1倍;2)前翅较狭长,翅长为宽的4.1倍;3)前缘脉域宽为径脉分支处宽的1.7倍;4)前缘脉域宽为亚前缘脉域宽的2.6倍;5)后足胫节黄褐色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室及山西大学生命科学与技术学院.     

河南异距蝗属一新种：（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文记述采自河南省的异距蝗属一新种。模式标本存放于山东大学生物系无脊椎动物标本室。宽胸异距蝗Heteropernis latistena,新种(图1-4) 雄 体形较小。头较短于前胸背板。头顶宽平,向前倾斜,侧缘隆线明显。颜面侧观较直,颜面隆起在中单眼附近较宽且略低凹,其宽为上端最狭处的近2倍。头侧窝呈     

新疆西北部雏蝗属一新种记述（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自新疆西北部网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus1新种,即温泉雏蝗Chorthippus wenquanensis sp. nov.。新种近似于黄胫雏蝗C. rufitibialus,与后者的主要区别为(♂):复眼纵径约为眼下沟长度的1.8-1.9倍;前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的2.0倍;后足跗节爪间中垫小,略短于爪长的一半;后足胫节基部黄褐色,非黑色;爪基部淡蓝色。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

中国金色蝗属一新种：（直翅目：剑角蝗科）

本文描述了采自辽宁省金色蝗属1新种。模式标本保存于东北师范大学生物系动物标本室。山间金色蝗Chrysacris montanis Zhang et Zheng,新种(图1-5) 新种与秦岭金色蝗Ch.qinlingensis相似,但有以下区别:1)前胸背板侧隆线中部向内弯曲;2)中胸腹板侧叶间中隔长大于其最狭处的1.7倍;3)产卵瓣及下生殖板形状不同。 正模,辽宁铁岭龙首山(N42°18′,E123°16′),海拔60m,1990-Ⅵ-26,张凤岭、郑一平、张庆云采。     

中国新疆喀纳斯湖雏蝗属(直翅目,网翅蝗科)一新种记述(英文)

记述采自新疆北部喀纳斯湖地区网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus 1新种,喀纳斯雏蝗Ch.kanasensissp.nov.。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。喀纳斯雏蝗,新种Chorthippus kanasensis sp.nov.(图1～7)新种近似于恒山雏蝗Ch.henshanensis Ma,Guo et Zheng,1995,与后者的主要区别为:前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的2.0倍(♂)或2.3倍(♀);前翅略不到达后足股节端部(♂)或到达后足股节端部(♀);翅长为宽的4.0倍(♂)或5.6倍(♀);径脉域的最宽处约为亚前缘脉域宽度的1.5倍(♂);中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的1.5倍。正模♂,新疆布尔津县喀纳斯湖(48°19’N,87°02’E;海拔1374m),2005-08-08,王延峰、杨亮、张陵采。副模:1♂,3♀♀,同正模。词源:新种种名源自正模的产地。     

中国异痂蝗属一新种(直翅目,斑翅蝗科)

记述采自新疆北部地区异痂蝗属1新种,即黑翅异痂蝗Bryodemalla nigripennis sp.nov.,新种区别于属内所有已知种为:1)前胸背板沟后区两侧具3条侧隆线;2)后翅除基部淡红色外其余部分全黑色;3)后足股节外侧上下隆线均具细齿。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

中国斜翅蝗属的研究及一新种记述（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

记述斜翅蝗属Eucoptacra Bolivar的研究历史、在中国分布的种类及1新种,即斑腿斜翅蝗E.maculifemura sp.nov.,该新种近似于秉汉斜翅蝗E.binghami Uvarov及大眼斜翅蝗E.megaocula Wang et al.,主要区别于上2种为颜面隆起在触角之间部分的宽度为眼间距宽的1.5倍;后足第1跗节明显宽于第3跗节;后足股节外侧具3个大黑斑。新种的模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

方板蝗属一新种：（蝗总科：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述方板蝗属Squaroplatacris 1新种,小方板蝗Squaroplatacris elegans,sp.nov.。该新种近似于紫胫方板蝗S.violatibialis Liang et Zheng,主要区别为:体型较小,眼间距宽度狭于颜面隆起宽,前胸背板前缘平直,前胸背板后横沟位于背板中部或中后部,中胸腹板侧叶间中隔长为宽的1.2—1.3倍。     

Correspondence of environmental tolerances with leaf and branch attributes for six co-occurring species of broadleaf evergreen trees in northern California

 For the angiosperm dominants of northern California’s mixed evergreen forests, this study compares the display of photosynthetic tissue within leaves and along branches, and examines the correspondence between these morphological attributes and the known environmental tolerances of these species. Measurements were made on both sun and shade saplings of six species: Arbutus m e n z i e s i i (Ericaceae), C h r y s o l e p i s c h r y s o p h y l l a (Fagaceae), L i t h o c a r p u s d e n s i f l o r u s (Fagaceae), Quercus c h r y s o l e p i s (Fagaceae), Quercus w i s l i z e n i i (Fagaceae), and Umbellularia c a l i f o r n i c a (Lauraceae). All species had sclerophyllous leaves with thick epidermal walls, but species differed in leaf specific weight, thickness of mesophyll tissues and in the presence of a hypodermis, crystals, secretory idioblasts, epicuticular deposits, and trichomes. The leaves of Arbutus were 2 – 5 times larger than those of C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s and Umbellularia and 4 – 10 times larger than those of both Quercus species. Together with differences in branch architecture, these leaf traits divide the species into groups corresponding to environmental tolerances. Shade-tolerant C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s, and Umbellularia had longer leaf lifespans and less palisade tissue, leaf area, and crown mass per volume than the intermediate to intolerant Arbutus and Quercus. Having smaller leaves, Quercus branches had more branch mass per leaf area and per palisade volume than other species, whereas Arbutus had less than other species. These differences in display of photosynthetic tissue should contribute to greater growth for Quercus relative to the other species under high light and limited water, for Arbutus under high light and water availability, and for C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s, and Umbellularia under limiting light levels. Accepted: 22 March 1996     

Taxonomic review of the genus Lymantria (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) in Korea

A taxonomic review of the Korean Lymantria Hübner, 1819 was conducted. A total of nine species of five subgenera with two unrecorded species are listed: Lymantria (Porthetria) dispar Linnaeus 1758, L. (P.) xylina Swinhoe 1903, L. (Lymantria) monacha (Linnaeus 1758), L. (L.) minomonis Matsumura 1933 (new to Korea), L. (L.) similis monachoides Schintlimeister 2004 (new to Korea), L. (L.) lucescens (Butler 1881), L. (Nyctria) mathura Moore 1865, L. (Collentria) fumida Butler 1877, and L. (Spinotria) bantaizana Matsumura 1933. Lymantria (Lymantria) minomonis and L. (L.) similis monachoides are newly added to the Korean fauna. Lymantria (L.) minomonis was found only on Bogildo Island of Jeollanam‐do in the southern part of Korea, and L. (L.) similis monachoides was collected in central Korea. Lymantria (Porthetria) xylina and L. (Collentria) fumida were not examined in this study, and it is considered that the previous records were due to misidentification or they are only distributed in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. We provide diagnoses of two unrecorded species and adult habitus and genitalia photos of the Korean Lymantria species.     

Community based natural resource management in Zimbabwe: the experience of CAMPFIRE

Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) is a long-term programmatic approach to rural development that uses wildlife and other natural resources as a mechanism for promoting devolved rural institutions and improved governance and livelihoods. The cornerstone of CAMPFIRE is the right to manage, use, dispose of, and benefit from these resources. Between 1989 and 2006, CAMPFIRE income, mostly from high valued safari hunting, totalled nearly USD 30 million, of which 52 allocated to sub-district wards and villages for community projects and household benefits. Whilst a number of assumptions underlying the success of CAMPFIRE as an innovative model for CBNRM have yet to be met, CAMPFIRE confirms the concept that devolving responsibility and accountability for natural resource management can be highly effective for the collective and participatory management of such resources. Elephant numbers in CAMPFIRE areas have increased and buffalo numbers are either stable or decreased slightly during the life of the programme. However, offtake quotas for these two species have increased with a concomitant decline in trophy quality. Although the amount of wildlife habitat diminished after 1980, following the commencement of CAMPFIRE the rate of habitat loss slowed down and in some specific instances was even reversed. More recently there has been increased pressure on habitats and other natural resources as a consequence of deteriora

a

30 million, of which 52% was allocated to sub-district wards and villages for community projects and household benefits. Whilst a number of assumptions underlying the success of CAMPFIRE as an innovative model for CBNRM have yet to be met, CAMPFIRE confirms the concept that devolving responsibility and accountability for natural resource management can be highly effective for the collective and participatory management of such resources. Elephant numbers in CAMPFIRE areas have increased and buffalo numbers are either stable or decreased slightly during the life of the programme. However, offtake quotas for these two species have increased with a concomitant decline in trophy quality. Although the amount of wildlife habitat diminished after 1980, following the commencement of CAMPFIRE the rate of habitat loss slowed down and in some specific instances was even reversed. More recently there has been increased pressure on habitats and other natural resources as a consequence of deteriorating socio-economic conditions in the country. Where devolution has been successful, promising results have been achieved and the recent acceptance and implementation of direct payments to communities is probably the most significant development since 2000. That this has happened can be attributed to CAMPFIRE enabling communities to maximize their roles within the existing set of rules, and by so doing, allowing these rules to be challenged. Donor (73%) and government (27%) investments into the programme amounted to 35 million during the period 1989 to 2003. Since 2003 however, donor funding has been reduced to <$600,000 over the past 5 years.     

Geschlechtliche organisation,fortpflanzungsverhalten und ursachen der sexuellen vermehrung von Stenostomum sthenum nov. spec. (Turbellaria,Catenulida)

Certain temperatures and H-Ion concentrations are necessary for the development of male and female reproductive organs. The differentiation of the reproductive system from undifferentiated cells conforms precisely with data on other species of Stenostomum.

---

Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen b Bindegewebszelle - c Cilien - cy Cytoplasma - d Darm - de Ductus ejaculatorius - dl Darmlumen - do Dotter - dr Drüsenzellen - lr Lÿckenraum - m Mundöffnung - n Nucleolus - np Nephroporus - o Ovar - p männlicher Genitalporus - pa parenchymatischer Raum - pf periembryonale Flüssigkeit - dse dorsale Epidermis - e dorsolaterale Epidermis - ed extraembryonaler Dotter - ee Epidermiseinstülpung - eh Epidermis +Hautmuskelschlauch - em Embryo - ex Exkretvakuole - f Freßzelle - g Gehirn - ga Gehirnanlagen - gr Granula - h Hautmuskelschlauch - hz Hüzllzelle - kl Versehlußkegel/Klebkegel - in indifferente Zelle - k Kern - kdr Klebdrüsenzelle(n) - kk kollabierter Kanal - kö Körnerkolbenzelle - kp Kopulationsorgan - ku Kufen - kw Körperwand - l Lichtsinnesorgan - li Linsenkörper - lk lichtbrechende Konkremente im Darmgewebe - ph Pharynx - phr Pharynxregion - pr Zentralkanal des Protonephridialsystems - ps Präspermatide - pu Punktfeld - q Zellquartett - r Riechgruben - rh Rhombuszellenband - rhb Rhabditen - rm Radiärmuskelzelle - rhs Rhabditenschleim - rs resorbierende Darmzelle(n) - s Schale - sc Spermatocyten - se Sekretgang - t Tastborste - ta Auflösungsprodukte des Hodens - te Hoden - to Terminalorgane(e) - tz Teilungszone - v Vakuole - w vermutliches Rudiment des weiblichen Genitalporus     

Weitere Untersuchungen an xenoplastischen Neuralchimären von Triton und Bombinator

Ohne ZusammenfassungVerzeichnis der Abkürzungen Ao Aorta - Asp Arteria spinalis ventralis - Aw Aortenwurzel - Bg Bindegewebe - Bl Blut - Bo Bombinator pachypus - Ch Chorda - Deg Degeneration - En Entoderm - Ep Ependym - Fm Fasermasse - Fmv Fissura mediana ventralis - Fpl Flügelplatte - Gl Glaesner-Stadium - Gpl Grundplatte - Hch Hypochorda - I Implantat - iZ internunciale Zellmasse - Km Kernmasse - M motorische Wurzelzelle - My Myotom - Nb Neuralbogen - PM Pollister-Moore-Stadium - Pyk Kernpyknose - Rv Ramus ventralis - Spgl Spinalganglion - Sy Sympathicus - Tr Triton alpestris - V4 4. Hirnventrikel - Vg Vornierengang - W Wirt - Zk Zentralkanal - IX–X-Wurz Wurzel des Glossopharyn-geus-Vagus-Komplexes     

Antifungal activity of essential oils against three vegetative-compatibility groups of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verticillium dahliae</Emphasis>

The antifungal activities of volatile phase effects of essential oils from Origanum onites, O. syriacum, O. minutiflorum, O. vulgare, O, marjorana, Thymus vulgaris, T. serpyllum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis and Micromeria fruticosa were evaluated for their ability to inhibit growth of three vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of Verticillium dahliae. Carvacrol was the main component of O. onites, O. minutiflorum and O. vulgare essential oils, while γ-terpinene was the main component of O. syriacum. P-cymene and thymol were the dominant component of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum. β- thujone and l-camphor were the main component of S. officinalis. Polegone and isomenthone were the dominant components of M. fruticosa essential oil. Based on the in vitro test, the degree of fungistatical effects can be ranked in the following order of inhibition: O. syriacum = O. onites = O. minutiflorum = O. vulgare = T. vulgaris > T. serpyllum > M. fruticosa > S. officinalis = O. marjorana > R. officinalis. The essential oils of S. officinalis, O. marjorana and R. officinalis displayed moderate antifungal activity, that increased with increasing concentrations. Among the VCGs, VCG2A and VCG4B were found to be highly sensitive to the essential oils. The essential oils of O. syriacum, O. onites, O. minutiflorum, O. vulgare and T. vulgaris were the most efficacious, demonstrating strong antifungal activity against all of the tested VCGs of V. dahliae at relatively low concentrations and they could find practical application as natural fungicides in the prevention and protection of plants from V. dahliae infections.     

Phylogenetic systematics of the Empis (Coptophlebia) hyalea-group (Insecta: Diptera: Empididae)

Six clades are inferred from a phylogenetic analysis including 42 species belonging to the Empis (Coptophlebia) hyalea‐group. These clades are named as follows: E. (C.) acris, E. (C.) aspina, E. (C.) atratata, E. (C.) hyalea, E. (C.) jacobsoni and E. (C.) nahaeoensis. The presence of two dorsal more or less developed epandrial projections is considered autapomorphic for the E. (C.) hyalea‐group in addition to two characters previously found to support the monophyly of this group (presence of an unsclerotized zone in the middle of labella and epandrium unpaired). Amongst the cladistically analysed species, 24 are newly described [ E. ( C. ) acris , E. ( C. ) aspina , E. ( C. ) cameronensis , E. ( C. ) duplex , E. ( C. ) incurva , E. ( C. ) inferiseta , E. ( C. ) kuaensis , E. ( C. ) lachaisei , E. ( C. ) lamellalta , E. ( C. ) lata , E. ( C. ) loici , E. ( C. ) longiseta , E. ( C. ) mengyangensis , E. ( C. ) menglunensis , E. ( C. ) missai , E. ( C. ) nimbaensis , E. ( C. ) padangensis , E. ( C. ) parvula , E. ( C. ) projecta , E. ( C. ) pseudonahaeoensis , E. ( C. ) submetallica , E. ( C. ) urumae , E. ( C. ) vitisalutatoris and E. ( C. ) woitapensis ], five are reviewed [E. (C.) hyalea Melander, E. (C.) jacobsoni De Meijere, E. (C.) ostentator Melander, E. (C.) sinensis Melander and E. (C.) thiasotes Melander] and 13 were recently described in two previous papers. Two additional species, E. (C.) abbrevinervis De Meijere and E. (C.) multipennata Melander, are also reviewed but not included in the cladistic analysis since they are only known from the female. A lectotype is designated for E. (C.) jacobsoni. A key is provided to the six clades of the E. (C.) hyalea‐group as well as to species of each clade. A catalogue of the E. (C.) hyalea‐group, including 72 species, is given. The taxonomic status of 25 additional species mainly described by Bezzi and Brunetti, from the Oriental and Australasian regions, is discussed. The E. (C.) hyalea‐group is firstly recorded from the Palaearctic Region and Australia. Finally, the distribution and the habitats of the species compared with their phylogeny suggest a possible relationship between the diversification of the group and forest fragmentations during the Quaternary. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 145 , 339–391.     

Food attraction and population growth of fungivorous nematodes with different fungi

Food attraction of the fungivorous nematodes Aphelenchus avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. to seven fungal species (Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani strains AG 3 and AG 2‐1, Verticillium dahliae, Pochonia bulbillosa, Mortierella hyalina and Trichoderma harzianum) was determined on agar plates by counting the number of test nematodes present on the mycelium of each fungus 24 h after inoculation. Population growth of A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. on five of the seven fungi included in the attraction test (P. lycopersici, R. solani strain AG 3, V. dahliae, P. bulbillosa and T. harzianum) was also determined on agar plates by counting nematode numbers every week during a 6‐week period. A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. were attracted to all the fungi tested. A. avenae was preferentially attracted to V. dahliae (P < 0.0001), and Aphelenchoides spp. did not show any preference except for low attraction to R. solani. A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. reproduced on all fungal species tested. After 6 weeks of incubation, the highest number of nematodes was found on P. lycopersici and P. bulbillosa, while the lowest number occurred on R. solani for A. avenae and on T. harzianum for Aphelenchoides spp. The suitability of a fungus as a host was not clearly related to the attraction to that fungus.     

Beiträge zur kenntnis von gyrinus natator substriatus steph. I. Lebensweise und entwicklung. II. Der sehapparat

Ohne ZusammenfassungZeichenerklärung Aa Augenanlage - Abs Abdominalsegment 1–6 - äG äußeres Ganglion - Ak Augenkapsel - Akb Augenkapselbildungszellen - ä.Kr. Äeßere Kreuzung - Bm Basalmembran - Bz. Basalzelle - Dv Dorsalverfalzung - El Elytre - Fe Femur - Fg Fettgewebe - GZ Ganglienzellen - GMZ Ganglienmutterzellen - HBH hinterer Bildungsherd - HC hintere Coxa - HPZ Hauptpigmentzellen - Hy Hypodormis - HZ Stützzellen - Z Imaginalscheibe - i.G. inneres Ganglion - i.Kr. innere Kreuzung - K Kornea - KK Kristallkegel - KKZ Kristallkegelzellen - KZ Korneagenzellen - LH Lamellenhaare - MC mittlere Coxa - MG mittleres Ganglion - Neur Neuroblast - Nf Nervenfaser - N.opt. Nervus opticus (Nervenbündelschict) - NPZ Nebenpigmentzellen - N.st. Nervus stemmaticus - o.A. oberes Auge - P. Punkte auf den Elytren mit Chitinzapfen - Ph Phagozyten - R. Rhabdom - Ret Retinula - RZK Retinulazellkerne - Ret.Z. Retinulazellen - r.f. Musculus rotator femuris - rud. St. rudimentäre Stemmata - SZ Sehzellen - S.V. seitliche Verfalzung - Ta 1–4 Tarsus 1–4 - Ti Tibia - Ti.T. Tibialtasche - Tr. Trachee - u.A. Unteres Auge - V.C. vordere Coxa - VBH vorderer Bildungsherd - Z Zuwachszone - ZG Zellgrenze