新疆天山地区雏蝗属一新种(直翅目,网翅蝗科)

记述采自新疆天山地区雏蝗属1新种,即天山雏蝗Chorthippus tianshanensis sp.nov.,新种近似于红胫雏蝗Chorthippus rufitibis Zheng,1989,主要区别为:1)前胸背板沟后区长为沟前区的1.1倍;2)前翅较狭长,翅长为宽的4.1倍;3)前缘脉域宽为径脉分支处宽的1.7倍;4)前缘脉域宽为亚前缘脉域宽的2.6倍;5)后足胫节黄褐色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室及山西大学生命科学与技术学院.     

新疆雏蝗属短翅亚属一新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自新疆地区网翅蝗科雏蝗属 Chorthippus 短翅亚属1新种,即果子沟雏蝗 Chorthippus (Altichorthippus) guozigouensis sp. nov.。新种近似于姜氏雏蝗Ch. charpini Chang, 1939 与积石山雏蝗 Ch. jishishanensis Zheng et Xie, 2000。与后两者的主要区别为:♂头侧窝长为宽的3.00倍;♂触角短,刚不到达后足股节基部;♂前翅到达第7节腹节背板后缘,其前缘脉域宽为中脉域宽0.67倍,前后肘脉合并,肘脉域消失;♂后翅到达第7节腹节背板中部;尾须顶端到达肛上板长的一半,膝部与后足胫节端部棕色,非黑色。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

四川省雏蝗属一新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自中国四川省网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus(Altichorthippus)1新种:周氏雏蝗Chorthippus(Altichorthippus)choui sp.nov.。本新种同昌都雏蝗Chorthippus(A.)changtunensis Yin,1984近似,其区别特征为:后足股节和胫节桔红色;雄性腹部末端桔红色;前翅中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的1.2倍;本新种同西藏雏蝗Ch.(A.)tibetanus Uvarov,1935也近似,其区别特征为前胸背板侧隆线在沟前区明显,呈角状弯曲,在前横沟和后横沟之间不消失。     

东北地区蝗总科两新种(直翅目)

记述采自东北黑龙江省及吉林省蝗总科2新种,即网翅蝗科的北安雏蝗Chorthippus beianensis sp.nov..新种近似于琼根河雏蝗Chorthippus genheensis Li et Yin,主要区别为触角中段一节的长度为宽度的2.5倍;前翅中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的4倍(♂);后翅仅达前翅长的1/2;雌性前翅仅到达第3腹节背板后缘;后足股节仅上膝侧片黑色.另1新种为剑角蝗科的宽肘迷蝗Confusacris amplicubitus sp.nov.,该种近似于短翅迷蝗Confusacris brachypterus Yin et LI,主要区别为触角中段一节的长度为宽度的3～4倍(♂)或2倍(♀);中胸腹板侧叶间中隔最狭处宽与长度相等(♂)或为长的1.4倍(♀);前翅超过后足股节中部;前翅肘脉域宽为中脉域宽的2.3倍;雌性前翅径脉域黑色,不具淡色纹;后足股节膝侧片及胫节基部非黑色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.     

中国新疆喀纳斯湖雏蝗属(直翅目,网翅蝗科)一新种记述(英文)

记述采自新疆北部喀纳斯湖地区网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus 1新种,喀纳斯雏蝗Ch.kanasensissp.nov.。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。喀纳斯雏蝗,新种Chorthippus kanasensis sp.nov.(图1～7)新种近似于恒山雏蝗Ch.henshanensis Ma,Guo et Zheng,1995,与后者的主要区别为:前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的2.0倍(♂)或2.3倍(♀);前翅略不到达后足股节端部(♂)或到达后足股节端部(♀);翅长为宽的4.0倍(♂)或5.6倍(♀);径脉域的最宽处约为亚前缘脉域宽度的1.5倍(♂);中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的1.5倍。正模♂,新疆布尔津县喀纳斯湖(48°19’N,87°02’E;海拔1374m),2005-08-08,王延峰、杨亮、张陵采。副模:1♂,3♀♀,同正模。词源:新种种名源自正模的产地。     

新疆西部雏蝗属一新种记述（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自新疆西部网翅蝗科雏蝗属 Chorthippus 1新种,即新源雏蝗 Ch. xinyuanensis sp. nov.。新种近似于狭窝雏蝗Ch. foveatus Xia & Jin, 1982和长角雏蝗Ch. longicornis (Latreille),1804。与二者的主要区别为:前胸背板沟前区与沟后区等长;前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的1.7倍;前翅到达第6节背板中部(♂);中脉域约与肘脉域等宽(♂)。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

中国新疆蝗属一新种(直翅目,蝗科,大足蝗亚科)(英文)

记述新疆蝗属1新种,黄胫新疆蝗Xinjiangacris flavitibis sp. nov.。新种近似于红胫新疆蝗Xinjiangacris rufitibisZheng,1993,但区别于后者为:前翅超过后足股节顶端;肘脉域宽为中脉域宽的3倍:后足股节下侧黄色后足胫节黄褐色。模式模本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

六盘山地区雏蝗属一新种——直翅目:蝗总科

在鉴定宁夏农学院送检的宁夏地区蝗虫标本时,发现有雏蝗属一新种,现记述如下。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学生物系蝗虫研究室。 红胫雏蝗Chorthippus rufitibis新种(图1—4) 雄虫 体中型。头顶三角形,较平,具中隆线,侧缘隆线明显。头侧窝长约为宽的2—2.6倍。颜面侧观向后倾斜,颜面隆起在触角基部之下具明显的纵沟,侧缘在中央单眼     

中国山东束颈蝗属一新种(直翅目,蝗总科,斑翅蝗科,斑翅蝗亚科)

记述采自中国山东斑翅蝗科束颈蝗属Sphingonotus Fieber,18521新种,烟台束颈蝗Sphingonotus yantaiensis sp.nov.。新种同蒙古束颈蝗Sphingonotus mongolicus Saussure,1888近似,其区别特征为:前胸背板沟后区长为沟前区长的1.6倍;中胸腹板中隔宽为长的1.3～1.4倍;后足股节长为最宽处的3.6～3.7倍;后足胫节内侧蓝色;后翅黑纹宽,端部不内弯。模式标本保存于山东农业大学植保学院,泰安。     

龙州蝗属分类研究及一新种记述（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

系统研究了龙州蝗属,共记述10种,其中包括1新种,即贵州龙州蝗Longzhouacris guizhouensis sp.nov.,该新种近似于斑角龙州蝗L.annulicornis Lu,LiYou,2000,主要区别为:1)前胸背板沟前区长为沟后区长的2.16倍;2)前翅到达第3腹节背板中部;3)后足跗节爪间中垫长为爪长的1.5倍;4)雄性尾片三角形,顶尖;5)触角基半黄褐色,端半暗褐色;6)前翅前半黑褐色,后半淡褐色;7)后足胫节黄绿色。文中附有分种检索表。新种的模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

Cytogenetics of Brazilian species of Bromeliaceae

This paper presents the mitotic chromosome numbers of 18 species of Bromeliaceae. The diploid number 2n = 50 was observed in Aechmea comata, A. caudata, A. correia‐araujoi, A. recurvata, A. marauensis, A. bicolor, A. pineliana, Hohenbergia catingae, H. blanchetti, Alcantarea imperialis, Al. nahoumi, Neoregelia tenebrosa, Nidularium lyman‐smithii, N. scheremetiewii, N. innocentii var. innocentii, and N. innocentii × Neoregelia johannis hybrid, whereas 2n = 34 was observed in Cryptanthus maritimus and C. warren‐loosei. All of the determinations presented in this study are previously unpublished, except A. comata and H. catingae. These results confirm x = 25 as the basic number for the family and x = 17 as a secondary basic number probably generated by decreasing dysploidy. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 189–193.     

Pollen analysis of honeys from the northwest of Argentina: Province of Jujuy

The palynological characterisation of 157 honey samples from three northwest regions of Argentina (Prepuna, Yungas and Chaco) are presented to determine their botanical origin and species associations to be able to define their geographic origin. Samples were harvested during 2003–2011 and processed by means of melissopalynological conventional techniques. One-hundred and nine pollen types were identified. Representative pollen types with a frequency of occurrence greater than 50% in descending order of importance are: Salix humboldtiana, Allophylus edulis, Baccharis, Solanaceae, Eucalyptus, Schinus, Brassicaceae, Papilionoideae, Celtis, Scutia/Condalia-type and Parapiptadenia excelsa. The most important monofloral honeys are from the following: Salix humboldtiana, Scutia/Condalia-type, Allophylus edulis, Baccharis, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Gleditsia amorphoides, Myrtaceae, Sicyos, Ziziphus mistol, Schinopsis-type, Agonandra excelsa, Anadenathera colubrina, Mimosa, all of them native species, and among introduced species are Eucalyptus, Citrus and Tithonia. Three apicultural zones and their corresponding pollen association indicators were determined: Zone I, Prepuna: Arquita trichocarpa, Prosopis ferox, Schinus areira, Baccharis, Buddleja and Mutisieae; Zone II, Yungas: Myrtaceae, Parapiptadenia excelsa, Baccharis, Salix humboldtiana, Allophylus edulis, Scutia/Condalia-type and Zanthoxylum coco; Zone III, transitional area Yungas-Chaco: Prosopis, Salix humboldtiana, Schinus, Anadenanthera colubrina and Allophylus edulis.     

Analysis of S-RNase alleles of almond (Prunus dulcis): characterization of new sequences, resolution of synonyms and evidence of intragenic recombination

Cross-compatibility relationships in almond are controlled by a gametophytically expressed incompatibility system partly mediated by stylar RNases, of which 29 have been reported. To resolve possible synonyms and to provide data for phylogenetic analysis, 21 almond S-RNase alleles were cloned and sequenced from SP (signal peptide region) or C1 (first conserved region) to C5, except for the S ₂₉ allele, which could be cloned only from SP to C1. Nineteen sequences (S ₄ , S ₆ , S ₁₁ –S ₂₂ , S ₂₅ –S ₂₉ ) were potentially new whereas S ₁₀ and S ₂₄ had previously been published but with different labels. The sequences for S ₁₆ and S ₁₇ were identical to that for S ₁ , published previously; likewise, S ₁₅ was identical to S ₅ . In addition, S ₄ and S ₂₀ were identical, as were S ₁₃ and S ₁₉ . A revised version of the standard table of almond incompatibility genotypes is presented. Several alleles had AT or GA tandem repeats in their introns. Sequences of the 23 distinct newly cloned or already published alleles were aligned. Sliding windows analysis of Ka/Ks identified regions where positive selection may operate; in contrast to the Maloideae, most of the region from the beginning of C3 to the beginning of RC4 appeared not to be under positive selection. Phylogenetic analysis indicated four pairs of alleles had ‘bootstrap’ support > 80%: S ₅ /S ₁₀ , S ₄ /S _8, S ₁₁ /S ₂₄ , and S ₃ /S ₆ . Various motifs up to 19 residues long occurred in at least two alleles, and their distributions were consistent with intragenic recombination, as were separate phylogenetic analyses of the 5′ and 3′ sections. Sequence comparison of phylogenetically related alleles indicated the significance of the region between RC4 and C5 in defining specificity.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Characterization of S tester lines in Brassica oleracea: polymorphism of restriction fragment length of SLG homologues and isoelectric points of S-locus glycoproteins

 Forty three S tester lines of Brassica oleracea were characterized using DNA and protein gel-blotting analyses. DNA gel-blot analysis of HindIII-digested genomic DNA with class-I and class-II SLG probes revealed that 40 lines could be classified as class-I S haplotypes while three lines could be classified as class-II S haplotypes. The band patterns in the S tester lines were highly polymorphic. Although the S tester lines typically showed two bands corresponding to SLG and SRK in the analysis with the class-I SLG probe, only one band was observed in the S ²⁴ homozygote. This band was identified as SRK, suggesting that this haplotype has no class-I SLG band. In the analysis using the class-II SLG probe, one plant yielded a different band pattern from the known class-II haplotypes, S ² , S ⁵ and S ¹⁵ . Unexpectedly, this plant was reciprocally cross-incompatible with the S ² haplotype. Therefore, it was designated as S ^2-b . We found an S ¹³ haplotype having a restriction fragment length polymorphism different from that of the S ¹³ homozygotes of the S tester line. These findings indicate that S homozygous lines with the same S specificity do not necessarily show the same band pattern in the DNA gel-blot analysis. Soluble stigma proteins of 32 S homozygotes were separated by isoelectric focusing and detected using anti-S ²² SLG antiserum. S haplotype-specific bands were detected in 27 S homozygotes but not in five S homozygotes, including the S ²⁴ homozygote. This is consistent with the observation that the S ²⁴ haplotype had no SLG band. Received: 13 July 1998 / Accepted: 29 September 1998     

Responses of genotypes from species of Trifolium, Ornithopus, Biserrula and Hedysarum to a highly virulent race of Phytophthora clandestina and new sources of resistance

Thirty‐six genotypes, including 15 cultivars and 10 breeding lines of Trifolium subterraneum, a single genotype of each of seven other species of Trifolium (viz. Trifolium dasyurum, Trifolium glanduliferum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium michelanium, Trifolium purpureum, Trifolium spumosum and Trifolium vesiculosum), Biserrula pelecinus, Hedysarum coronarium, Ornithopus compressus and Ornithopus sativus were screened under controlled environmental conditions for resistance to root disease caused by the most pathogenic race of Phytophthora clandestina occurring in Australia, namely race 177. This is the first time any of these genera/species other than T.subterraneum has ever been screened for its response to P. clandestina. The root disease caused by P.clandestina is the first report of susceptibility to this pathogen for the seven other species of Trifolium and also for B.pelecinus, H.coronarium and O.sativus. Within T.subterraneum, a very high level of resistance was identified in cvs Denmark, Junee and Meteora [scores ≤1.5 (0–5 scale where 0 = no disease) across two separate screening tests] and in the breeding lines SL027 and SM023 (scores ≤1.3 across two separate screening tests). Six of the seven other species of Trifolium (viz. T.dasyurum, T.glanduliferum, T.incarnatum, T.michelanium, T.purpureum and T.spumosum) showed a high level of resistance (scores ≤0.8 across two separate screening tests), while T.vesiculosum showed a disease score of ≤1.2 across both screening tests. O.compressus showed no disease in either test, and O.sativus showed a disease score of ≤0.7 across both screening tests. H.coronarium was susceptible with a disease score of ≤2.8 across two separate screening tests, while B.pelecinus was highly susceptible with disease scores of 3.5 and 4.6 in these tests. The high levels of resistance identified against P.clandestina are useful sources of resistance that can be exploited commercially, either directly to minimise damage from this disease or as parents in breeding programs to develop cultivars within the genera/species tested with improved resistance to this highly pathogenic race of P.clandestina.     

Seasonal study of the fungal biota of the fur of dogs

During a one year period, 944 dogs from the Municipal kennel of Barcelona were examined to detect animals with suspected dermatophytosis. Only a few animals (1.8%) presented skin lesions but none of them had dermatophytosis. A representative number of dogs without visible skin lesions (n=172), selected at random, were used to carry out a seasonal study of the mycobiota of their fur. Fifteen isolates belonging to the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton were isolated from 14 of the 172 (8.1%) dogs without lesions. The identity of these fungi was Microsporum gypseum (6/15), Trichophyton terrestre (4/15), M. canis (2/15), M. cookei (2/15) and Trichophyton ajelloi (1/15) (one strain each of M. gypseum and T. ajelloi were isolated from one dog). Species of Penicillium (% prevalence=89.5%), Alternaria (86.6%), Cladosporium (84.9%), Aspergillus (77.3%), Scopulariopsis (65.7%) and Chrysosporium (64.5%) were the most prevalent. No significant differences in the fungal biota were observed with respect to age, gender, hair length or between mixed and pure breed dogs. A large number of isolates, including species belonging to the genera Beauveria, Chrysosporium, Malbranchea and Scopulariopsis, that macroscopically and/or microscopically resemble dermatophytes and may be mistaken for them, produced a red color change in Dermatophyte Test Medium. No significant seasonal difference was detected among the isolates belonging to the the most frequently encountered genera, with the exception of Scopulariopsis (higher in summer and autumn) and Chrysosporium (higher in summer). Species from other genera, with lower occurrence also presented significant differences in their seasonal distribution. Arthrinium, Aureobasidium, Chaetomium and Phoma spp. presented maximum prevalence peaks in spring, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Phoma and Rhizopus spp. in summer and Geotrichum and Mucor spp. in autumn. The Microsporum and Trichophyton species were more frequently isolated in summer.     

Theoretical studies on the modes of binding of some of the derivatives of d-mannose to concanavalin A

The possible modes of binding for methyl-α-d-mannopyranoside, methyl-β-d-mannopyranoside, 2-O-methyl-α-d-mannopyranoside, methyl-2-O-methyl-α-d-mannopyranoside and methyl-α-d-N-acetylmannosamine to concanavalin A have been investigated using theoretical methods. All these sugars, except methyl-α-d-N-acetylmannosamine, reach the active site of concanavalin A with a highly restricted number of binding orientations. Present investigations suggest that the failure of methyl-α-d-N-acetylmannosamine to bind to concanavalin A is not so much due to steric factors as to repulsive electrostatic interactions. Methyl-2-O-methyl-α-d-mannopyranoside can bind to concanavalin A in one mode whereas the other sugars can bind in more than one mode. The high potency of methyl-α-d-mannopyranoside over methyl-β-d-mannopyranoside is mainly due to the possibility of hydrophobic interactions of the α-methoxy group with Leu(99) or Tyr(100) and also due to the possibility of formation of better and more hydrogen bonds with the protein. A comparison of these data with those for the d-glucopyranosides suggests that the change of the hydroxyl at the C-2 atom from equatorial to axial orientation increases the stereochemically allowed region as well as the possible binding modes. From these studies it is also suggested that the overall shape of the oligosaccharides rather than the terminal or internal mannose alone affects the binding potency of saccharides to concanavalin A.     

Revision of the Thelastomatoidea,Oxyurida of invertebrate hosts I. Thelastomatidae

The Family Thelastomidae (Thelastomatoidea; Oxyurida; Nematoda) is revised, genera are diagnosed and a complete list of species is given. The following genera, normally classified in the family, are not included: Linstowiella Basir is considered a member of the Pharyngodonidae and perhaps a synonym of Pharyngodon Diesing; Klossinema Lal is considered a synonym of Cephalobellus Cobb; Schubartnema Kloss is considered a taxonomic chimaera, the male corresponding to Carnoya Gilson and the female probably to Binema Basir. Two new species are proposed: Gryllophila bainae and G. klossae for material assigned to G. skrjabini (Sergiev) by Bain (1965) and Kloss (1959) respectively. The following new synonyms are proposed: Blattellicola Basir and Blatellicoloides Farooqui synonyms of Blatticola Schwenck; Basiriella Ahmed & Jabin synonym of Blattophila Cobb; Leidynema (Basiria) Farooqui synonym of Cranifera Kloss; Posterovulva Van Waerebeke synonym of Desmicola Basir; Oryctophila Van Waerebeke synonym of Johnstonia Basir; Panaesthiana Kloss synonym of Leidynemella Chitwood & Chitwood; Psilocephala Rao synonym of Cameronia Basir; Welchiella Gupta & Kaur synonym of Hammerschmidtiella Chitwood. The following new combinations are proposed: Blattophila basiri for Basiriella basiri Ahmed & Jabin, leaving Blattophila basiri Farooqui pre-occupied (and renamed B. farooquii); Cameronia psilocephala and C. aspiculata for Psilocephala psilocephala Rao and P. aspiculata Farooqui respectively; Corydiella mamba (Van Waerebeke) for Thelastoma mamba; Desmicola moramangi for Posterovulva moramangi Van Waerebeke; Johnstonia morondovae for Oryctophila morondovae; Leidynemella sphaeropoei for Oxyuris sphaeropoei Parona; Thelastoma aurangabadense, T. indica (preoccupied), T. mackenziei, T. thapari, T. unicoloris and T. welchi for Schwenkiella aurangabadense Farooqui, S. indica Rao & Rao, Suifunema mackenziei Zervos, Bulhoesia thapari Singh & Singh, Cephalobellus unicoloris Van Waerebeke and Schwenkiella welchi Farooqui, respectively.     

Frequency of occurrence of mangrove fungi from the east coast of India

This paper describes the frequency of occurrence and biodiversity of fungi from mangroves of the Godavari and Krishna deltas, on the east coast of India. Seventy three species were identified from Godavari and 67 from the Krishna mangroves. Fifty five species were common to both sites, 18 were found only at Godavari and 12 at Krishna mangroves. Verruculina enaliawas found to be very frequent at both sites with a higher frequency of occurrence at Godavari. Eutypa bathurstensis was very frequent at Godavari but only frequent at Krishna. Cirrenalia pygmea and Cryptosphaeria mangrovei were frequent at the Godavari mangrove, but were recorded occasionally at Krishna. Decaying samples of Rhizophora and Avicennia were studied in detail. Forty three species were common to both hosts, while 22 species were recorded only from Avicennia and 20 only from Rhizophora. Verruculina enalia was the only very frequent fungus recorded on both hosts with a lower percentage occurrence (14.8%) on R. apiculata as compared to Avicennia spp. (24.3%). Eutypa bathurstensis was the next most frequent fungus on Avicennia, while Rhizophila marina was next most frequent on Rhizophora. Dactylospora haliotrepha which was recorded frequently on Rhizophorawas infrequent on Avicennia.