腹巢蛾属研究及二新种记述(鳞翅目,巢蛾科)

对中国腹巢蛾属Swammerdamia Hübner,(1825)进行了研究,涉及到4个种:桦腹巢蛾Swammerdamia caesiella(Hübner,1796)(中国新纪录种),淡腹巢蛾Swammerdamia pyrella(de Villers,1789),郑氏腹巢蛾Swammerdamia zhegi sp.nov.和黑尾腹巢蛾Swammerdamia caudinigra sp.nov..文中提供了分种检索表和新种特征图.新种模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫标本室.     

褐巢蛾属分类修订(鳞翅目,巢蛾科,巢蛾亚科)

对褐巢蛾属 Metanomeuta Meyrick进行了修订,重新描述了模式种,讨论了其形态变异;记述2个新种,即岳西褐巢蛾 Metanomeuta yuexiensis sp.nov.和疏刺褐巢蛾 Metanomeutaspinisparsula sp.nov..文中提供了成虫和外生殖器特征图,给出了分种检索表及分布图.模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫标本室.岳西褐巢蛾,新种 Metanomeuta yuexiensis sp.nov.(图3,10,13)该种与金冠褐巢蛾 Metanomeuta fulvicrinis Meyrick外部相似,但可通过外生殖器特征区别:颚形突卵圆形,末端钝圆;雌性后阴片中部微凹,前阴片不明显,囊导管基部2/3具瘤突,交配囊长卵形.正模♂,安徽岳西温泉(30°52'N,116°22'E),1995-08-08,胡祥富采,外生殖器玻片号JQ07191.副模：8♂♂,1♀,安徽岳西温泉,1995-07-25～08-22,胡祥富采. 疏刺褐巢蛾,新种Metanomeuta spinisparsula sp.nov.(图4,11,14)该种与金冠褐巢蛾Metanomeuta fulvicrinis 相似,区别在于:体为深褐色,翅面无任何斑纹;雄性颚形突略呈舌状,末端突出,抱器腹除端部有一枚较大刺突外,无明显小刺或小刺束;雌性导管端片小且非杯状,囊导管仅基部1/2 具瘤突.正模♂,湖南石门县壶瓶山江坪(29°35'N,111°22'E;480m),2002-01-05,于海丽采,外生殖器玻片号JQO6091;副模1♀,采集资料同正模.     

油松巢蛾分布正由南向北推进

油松巢蛾Dcnerostoma piniariellum Zeller属鳞翅目、巢蛾科。以幼虫钻蛀、粘叶蛀食针叶。远处望去,被害针叶半截枯黄,近处观察,可见针叶被虫咬食中空,内充满粪便,仅残留表皮。寄主植物除油松外,还可以为害松属、冷杉属、刺柏属等树种。     

常巢蛾属一新种记述(鳞翅目,巢蛾科)(英文)

记述了中国常巢蛾属Euhyponomeuta Toll,19411新种,即郑氏常巢蛾Euhyponomeuta zhengi sp.nov.,提供了新种的成虫及雄性外生殖器特征图。新种雄性外生殖器与圆腹常巢蛾E.rotunda Jin et Wang,2009相似,可通过尾突较宽且两侧平行、颚形突腹板宽舌状与其区分,后者尾突基部宽,端部渐窄,颚形突腹板三角形或半圆形。模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。     

危害荔枝的新害虫──荔枝巢蛾

近年来,在广东省发现一种幼虫危害荔枝树LitchichinensisSonn。树皮的害虫。经鉴定为巢蛾科（Yponomeutidae）,ComoritisalbicopillaMoriuti.该虫被日人森内茂所发现、用英文发表[1]。原始描述标本采自台湾省。因尚无中名,我们就称之为“荔枝巢蛾”。l形态特征成虫（图1）蛾（图1:2）翅展22～24mm。头部白色。触角柄节白色,鞭节赭色。下唇须前伸,白色,背面谈烟褐色。胸部白色,有2块深蓝色斑点,分别位于基部和前方的1／3地方。翅肩片也有一蓝色斑。足白色,前后足胫节呈暗灰色,跗节呈黑褐色。腹部白色。前翅（图l：l）R1和R2脉同…     

大叶黄杨巢蛾发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

本文研究了大叶黄杨巢蛾的各个虫态及全世代的发育起点温度(C)和有效积温(K),并与实际发生情况作了初步验证。研究结果表明,该虫全世代的发育起点温度为2.53±0.66℃,有效积温为1024.95±23.50日度。大叶黄杨巢蛾在温州地区全年发生的理论代数为5～6代,与实际发生5～6代一致。     

中国小白巢蛾属(Thecobathra Meyrick)二新种(鳞翅目:巢蛾科)

本文记述发现在四川省境内的两个新种,连同作者1980年发表的中国小白巢蛾属8种,共计我国已有该属10种。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。四棱小白巢蛾Thecobathra tetragona,新种(图1) 翅展16.7—18.5毫米。     

小白巢蛾属Thecobathra Meyrick云南一新种(鳞翅目:巢蛾科)

本文记述在云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州梁河县境内发现的小白巢蛾属一新种,连同作者1980、1983年发表的该属10种,共计我国已知有11种。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 云南小白巢蛾,Thecobathra yunnana, 新种(图1) 翅展19毫米。     

巢蛾科一新属一新种

研究中国巢蛾属的工作中,发现巢蛾科一新属一新种,现记录如下。模式标本保存在西北农学院昆虫标本室。天则巢蛾属Choutinea Huang,新属 头顶有二簇竖立的鳞毛;触角各节无纤毛,但有排列整齐的鳞片而呈弱锯齿状;有退化的上顎。各足跗节末端的爪短小(仅略长于爪垫),且又被跗节末端的鳞片复盖住,外观似为“秃爪”。后翅S_c R_1完全愈合。腹部各节背板上的刺毛细小稠密。雄     

长白山原石蛾属六种幼虫记述(毛翅目：原石蛾科)

原石蛾属（RhyacophilaPict．）种类较多[1～3],目前我国已报道过95种成虫（1995）[4],但对幼虫报道很少。原石蛾属的幼虫是不筑巢、自由生活在石质河床及清冷流水体中的种类。该属幼虫下颚须第2节比其它节长;中胸和后胸多无鳃,腹部缺密集的簇状鳃、或有稀疏的鳃或单枝的鳃、或完全无鳃;腹部节间常明显缢缩;第9腹节背板形成骨化的臀板;末龄幼虫体长不超过30mm[5,6]。1987年至1993年作者在长白山区（海拨370～2100m）的多条河流中采获原石蛾属幼虫6种,其中4种为中国新记录。现记述长白山原石蛾属6种幼虫于种检索表中。长白山原石蛾…     

Introduction,distribution, spread,and impacts of exotic freshwater gastropods in Texas

We examined the patterns of distribution, vectors of introduction, and potential ecological impacts of freshwater exotic species in Texas over the last 45 years. Currently, five species of exotic gastropods are established: channeled-type applesnail (Pomacea insularum), red-rim melania (Melanoides tuberculatus), quilted melania (Tarebia granifera), giant rams-horn snail (Marisa cornuarietis), and Chinese mysterysnail (Cipangopaludina chinensis). In contrast to the northern part of the US, where shipping appears to be the most important vector for the introduction of aquatic invasive species, aquarium and ornamental trade dominated among unintentional vectors of introduction of all freshwater exotics in Texas, resulting in different patterns of distribution, spread, and ecological impacts. The rate of spread of exotic gastropods in Texas varied from 39 waterbodies colonized over 18 years for P. insularum to only three waterbodies during last 45 years for C. chinensis. Four of five exotic gastropods were found in highly vulnerable aquifer-fed springs and rivers, which contain numerous endemic and endangered species. The fifth species, Pomacea insularum, is an agricultural pest. Potential negative ecological effects of exotic gastropods include impacts on wetlands and wetland restoration, competitive exclusion of native snails, and the introduction of exotic parasites, trematodes, which could infect fish and waterfowl, including federally protected species. Aquifer springs with stable temperature regimes are refuges for both cold and warm intolerant species. Handling editor: D. Dudgeon     

New hyalellids (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from Lake Titicaca

Two new species of hyalellid amphipods, Hyalella crawfordi and H. gauthieri, are described from Lake Titicaca; H. echinus (Faxon, 1876) is redescribed. The H. echinus group of species is newly proposed for these three species, and a group diagnosis is provided. A key to the three species in the group is provided Full article published online at http://www.senckenberg.de/odes/06-10.htm.     

Enhancement of sporulation in species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum by growth on cellulose-containing substrates

Nine species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum were compared for sporulation on agar media and for enhancement of sporulation by growth on four cellulose-containing substrates (index card, filter paper, cheesecloth, cotton fabric). On two natural and one synthetic agar media, sporulation varied from profuse to nonexistent among three isolates of each species. Growth of all species on cellulose substrates resulted in large and significant increases in sporulation. Growth on index card pieces often provided the greatest increases, but no single substrate was superior for all species, and significant substrate × isolate interactions were observed within species. Overlay of filter paper onto whole colonies in agar plates resulted in 2 to 18-fold increases in sporulation for eight of nine species and production of spores in sufficient quantity for most experimental purposes. Overlay of soil dilution plates with filter paper to promote sporulation of colonies enabled detection of B. spicifera, B. hawaiiensis, C. lunata, and E. rostratum at relatively low population levels (≤1.3 × 10³ colony-forming units per gram of soil) in samples of a naturally infested soil. Results indicate that enhancement of sporulation by growth of species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum on cellulose substrates may facilitate (i) their identification in culture, (ii) production of spores at relatively high concentrations, and (iii) detection and enumeration of these fungi in soil.     

Nervostroma, gen. nov. in the Sclerotiniaceae, the teleomorph of Cristulariella, and Hinomyces anam. gen. nov. to accommodate the anamorph of Grovesinia: reassessment of the genus Cristulariella

Taxonomy of the genus Cristulariella is revised, retaining Cristulariella (Crist.) depraedans as the type. Two new species, Crist. cercidiphylli and Crist. corni, are additionally described under the genus. The new anamorphic genus Hinomyces is erected to accommodate Botrytis (Cristulariella) moricola and Cristulariella pruni. A new genus and species, Nervostroma depraedans, is erected in the Sclerotiniaceae to accommodate the teleomorph of Crist. depraedans, with an additional species, Nervostroma cercidiphylli.     

Karyotypic analysis of Cajanus,Atylosia, and Rhynchosia species

Summary Somatic chromosomes of two cultivais of Cajanus cajan, eight species of Atylosia (A. albicans, A. cajanifolia, A. lineata, A. platycarpa, A. scarabaeoides, A. serica, A. trinervia and A. volubilis), and of Rhynchosia rothii were analysed. All species had 2n=22. Eight of the 10 species studied had two pairs of satchromosomes while A. scarabaeoides and A. sericea had only one sat-chromosome pair. Based on relative chromosome length (L%), arm ratio (pa-value) and presence or absence of secondary constriction, a karyotype formula for each species was formulated. Based on these parameters the chromosome pairs could also be assigned to groups ranging from 8 to 10 in different species. Except for the asymmetrical karyotype of A. albicans, the other species had rather moderately symmetrical karyotypes.     

Evolutionary relationships among aquatic anamorphs and teleomorphs: Lemonniera, Margaritispora, and Goniopila

The hypothesis that similar conidial morphologies in aquatic hyphomycetes are a result of convergent evolution was tested using molecular sequence data. Cladistic analyses were performed on partial sequences of 28S rDNA of seven species of Lemonniera, one species of Margaritispora and one species of Goniopila. Lemonniera has tetraradiate conidia with long arms, whereas Margaritispora and Goniopila have typically globose (isodiametric) conidia, with short conical protuberances in a stellate or quadrangular arrangement. Lemonniera and Margaritispora have phialidic conidiogenesis and both produce dark, minute sclerotia in culture whereas Goniopila has holoblastic conidiogenesis and does not produce sclerotia in culture. Goniopila produces a microconidial phialidic synanamorph in culture. All three genera have schizolytic conidial secession. Molecular analyses demonstrate that Lemonniera species are placed in two distinct clades: one within Leotiomycetes; the other within Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Margaritispora is placed with Lemonniera species within Leotiomycetes. Goniopila and Lemonniera pseudofloscula are placed within Dothideomycetes. No morphological character was entirely congruent with the molecular derived phylogeny. This suggests that for the group of species studied, conidial shape is not a reliable indicator of phylogeny but more likely the result of convergent evolution in response to the aquatic environment.     

Phylogeny,Species Richness,and Ecological Specialization in Cyperaceae Tribe Cariceae

Cyperaceae tribe Cariceae is characterized by both species richness and habitat diversity, making it an ideal system to study ecological specialization and niche differentiation. We present a phylogenetic hypothesis for the tribe based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons (ETS-1f, ITS, trnL intron, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer) for 140 representative species from five continents, and use this hypothesis to suggest patterns of both niche conservatism and niche differentiation, particularly within the large subgenus Carex. We identify a new major clade, comprising forest species of East Asian Carex section Siderostictae (subgenus Carex) as sister to the rest of tribe Cariceae. Within Carex subgenus Carex, species tolerant of water-saturated habitats occur in only a few, apparently derived groups, with varying species richness. Clades of predominantly wetland species tend to have broad geographic distribution, often with sister species on different continents, suggesting recent dispersal. In contrast, species within several clades are predominantly forest specialists with distinct Asian and North American lineages. Niche segregation along environmental gradients, such as soil moisture or acidity, is quite common among closely related wetland species, but more difficult to demonstrate within upland forest groups. More complete sampling of species within both wetland and forest groups, combined with comparable sampling of environmental preferences and testing against null models, will be needed for more rigorous exploration of the observed patterns.     

Synopsis of the tribe Bocageeae (Annonaceae), with revisions of Cardiopetalum,Froesiodendron, Trigynaea,Bocagea, and Hornschuchia

The tribal name Bocageeae Endlicher is reestablished and the tribe is circumscribed on the basis of solitary internodal ebracteate pedicels that are articulated at the base, and pollen shed in polyads of eight or more grains. Septate anther locules, large pollen size, and seed appendages are prevalent in the tribe. Intectate pollen with free-standing columellae, rare in Annonaceae, occurs not only in the genusTrigynaea but also in some species ofBocagea andHornschuchia. As defined here, the Bocageeae include seven neotropical genera:Cymbopetalum, Porcelia, Bocagea, Cardiopetalum, Froesiodendron, Hornschuchia, andTrigynaea. The latter five genera are revised and the treatments include ten new species:Cardiopetalum plicatum, Froesiodendron urceocalyx, Hornschuchia lianarum, H. santosii, H. leptandra, Trigynaea cinnamomea, T. lanceipetala, T. triplinervis, T. lagaropoda, andT. axilliflora, all from tropical South America. A new combination,Froesiodendron longicuspe, changes the rank of that taxon from subspecies to species.Cardiopetalum surinamense is removed fromFroesiodendron and reassigned toCardiopetalum on the basis of its connate petals, dehiscent monocarps, and seeds with bilobed arils. A cladogram provides an explicit hypothesis of intergeneric relationships in the tribe. The new combinationOnychopetalum periquino, based onTrigynaea periquino, is made.