载体介导的小干扰RNA诱导p53基因的沉默

目的:筛选有效抑制p53基因表达的靶位点,以研究其在哺乳动物细胞中的功能.方法:用Ambion公司的RNA干扰(RNAi)设计软件设计了3段针对野生型p53基因的长度为19 nt的反向重复序列,在人工退火条件下形成双链,将其构建到pSilencer3.1-H1 neo载体上,与pcDNA3.1-HA-p53(野生型)载体共转染Cos7及293T细胞,用Western blot检测HA-p53蛋白质的表达;将pCMV-GFP-p53与p53-RNAi或空载体共转入Cos7细胞,于激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下比较GFP-p53的表达;将p53-RNAi和空载体分别转入BEL-7405-p53-RE-luc 细胞,在不同剂量化疗药物阿霉素的作用下,通过活体成像仪观察内源p53的表达;利用G418(neo)筛选获得稳定整合p53-RNAi的H460细胞(p53野生型)株,用流式细胞仪分析正常及p53基因沉默细胞的周期变化.结果:筛选到一个有效的p53基因沉默位点,并在H460细胞中得到p53基因沉默的稳定细胞株.结论:获得了有效的p53基因RNAi位点,为进一步研究p53基因在细胞中的功能提供了有力的工具.     

红藻氨酸诱导原代培养皮质神经元兴奋毒中p21变化及机制的研究

目的：探讨p21在红藻氨酸诱导的原代培养皮质神经元兴奋毒中的变化及可能机制。方法：原代培养大鼠皮质神经元经红藻氨酸（KA）处理24h后,激光共聚焦显微镜透射光下观察细胞损伤,应用Western blotting方法检测p21与p53蛋白表达的变化,用染色质免疫共沉淀（ChIP）-聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法检测p53与p21基因启动子上p53反应元件1结合情况。结果：KA处理后神经元明显损伤,部分细胞胞体缩小、变圆,突起变短、减少或消失,p21与p53蛋白表达上调,并且p53与p21基因启动子上的p53反应元件1结合增加。结论：在KA诱导的原代培养皮质神经元兴奋毒作用中p21蛋白表达上调,而p53直接参与了p21的激活。     

SOX11结合p53并上调其转录活性

目的:研究SOX11对p53转录活性的影响,并检测二者的体外相互作用。方法:在H1299(p53缺失)和H460(含野生型p53)2种细胞中分别过表达SOX11和p53,用双萤光素酶方法测定p53的转录活性;用大肠杆菌DH5α表达GST和GST-p53融合蛋白并将其纯化,用GST pull-down实验检测SOX11与p53在体外是否存在相互作用。结果:萤光素酶实验结果表明,在H1299和H460细胞中,过表达SOX11分别能促进外源p53和内源p53的转录活性;GST pull-down实验表明SOX11能在体外与p53发生相互作用。结论:SOX11能在体外与p53发生相互作用并促进p53的转录活性,为进一步研究p53的功能提供了新的线索。     

p53在蓝莓花青素诱导Lovo细胞凋亡中的作用

[目的]研究蓝莓花青素(BA)对人结肠癌Lovo细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,分析凋亡相关基因—p53基因mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。[方法]分别用浓度为50μg/ml、100μg/ml、200μg/ml的BA处理结肠癌Lovo细胞24h,采用MTT法、免疫荧光法和Real-time PCR法和免疫细胞组织化学分析BA对Lovo细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、p53 mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。[结果]BA呈剂量依赖的方式抑制Lovo细胞增殖;能诱导细胞发生晚期凋亡;与对照组相比,不同浓度BA处理后p53基因mRNA表达水平分别上调0.602、0.697、0.541倍(P0.05),但BA不同剂量组间并无明显的差异(P0.05);免疫细胞组化结果表明随着BA浓度的增加,p53表达增强。[结论]BA可以诱导结肠癌Lovo细胞发生晚期凋亡,p53基因mRNA表达上调,但与BA的浓度无相关性。     

增强p53、p21及抑制c-myc表达对MCF-7细胞增殖的协同抑制作用

为了探讨增强p53、p21基因表达水平和降低c-myc基因表达水平对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的协同抑制作用,以及这些基因对细胞产生效应时的相互关系,本研究中首先构建了正义的p53、p21和反义的c-myc3种真核细胞表达载体,并根据析因实验设计三种载体不同剂量组合。按照组合用质粒转染细胞,然后对转染细胞的增殖抑制率进行检测,并采用金正均Q值法、单因素方差分析中的LSD法、聚类分析法等统计学方法对结果进行统计分析。结果显示,不同量的p53、p21反义c-myc对MCF-7细胞的增殖均有抑制作用,抑制的程度各基因间存在差异。在各基因组合中,p21与反义c-myc,p53与反义c-myc联用具有协同作用,对MCF-7细胞的增殖产生更强的抑制,而p53与p21之间未显示出协同作用。对三基因协同结果进行聚类分析后,发现第一类组合协同作用最明显,第九类组合的抑制率最高。由此推测,作为抑癌基因的p53或CDK抑制基因p21高表达,同时原癌基因c-myc表达受到抑制,可相互协同显著增强对MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用。     

p53基因表达沉默的稳定Vero细胞系的建立及特性分析

利用慢病毒介导的RNA干扰技术,建立稳定沉默p53基因的Vero细胞模型。设计针对p53基因的shRNA序列,构建p53shRNA慢病毒载体并感染Vero细胞;嘌呤霉素筛选阳性细胞,局部消化法挑选细胞克隆;利用RT-PCR和West-ernblot检测p53的表达水平;利用虫荧光素酶报告系统,分析p53的转录激活功能。RT-PCR和Westernblot结果显示,慢病毒介导的shRNA有效地沉默p53基因表达;与对照组细胞相比,干扰组细胞的p53的转录激活功能明显降低。慢病毒介导的shRNA高效、稳定地沉默了p53基因的表达,同时,有效地降低了p53的转录激活功能,为研究p53的生物学功能提供了有利的工具。     

p53与细胞周期调控

p53蛋白首先在SV-40转染的小鼠细胞中发现,继之在不同类型的转化细胞系中也被检测到。进一步研究证明它还存在于正常细胞和组织中,但与转化细胞相比其含量要低得多。 1988年Levine和Oren等报道了第一个被鉴定的p53突变型p53 Vall 35。以后,人们在转化细胞中检测到各种类型的p53突变型。为了有效地研究p53蛋白,已发展了很多识别p53蛋白的单克隆抗体,其中有的具有种     

去铁酮对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

去铁酮可诱导p53的表达和引发肿瘤细胞凋亡。RRM2B基因在铁螯合剂抑制肿瘤细胞生长中同样起重要作用,且其表达受p53调节。为了探讨去铁酮对宫颈癌细胞的影响,以及p53和RRM2B基因二者的关系,通过MTT法检测不同浓度及不同时间去铁酮处理对HeLa细胞活性的影响,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡水平。同时,利用Western-blot和荧光定量PCR技术分别在蛋白和mRNA水平检测p53和RRM2B表达变化,并进一步利用p53抑制剂检测p53对RRM2B表达的影响。结果表明,HeLa细胞活性随着去铁酮作用浓度及作用时间的增加而下降,在500μmol/L去铁酮处理48h后出现明显凋亡。进一步研究发现,去铁酮可显著上调p53表达水平(P0.05),而p53可显著下调RRM2B表达水平(P0.05)。综上所述,去铁酮可通过p53下调RRM2B表达水平而参与抑制宫颈癌细胞增殖。     

增强p53、p21及抑制c—myc表达对MCF-7细胞增殖的协同抑制作用

为了探讨增强p53、p21基因表达水平和降低c—myc基因表达水平对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7．增殖的协同抑制作用,以及这些基因对细胞产生效应时的相互关系,本研究中首先构建了正义的p53、p21和反义的c—myc 3种真核细胞表达载体,并根据析因实验设计三种载体不同剂量组合。按照组合用质粒转染细胞,然后对转染细胞的增殖抑制率进行检测,并采用金正均Q值法、单因素方差分析中的LSD法、聚类分析法等统计学方法对结果进行统计分析。结果显示,不同量的p53、p21反义c—myc对MCF-7细胞的增殖均有抑制作用,抑制的程度各基因间存在差异。在各基因组合中,p21与反义c—myc,p53与反义c—myc联用具有协同作用,对MCF-7细胞的增殖产生更强的抑制,而p53与p21之间未显示出协同作用。对三基因协同结果进行聚类分析后,发现第一类组合协同作用最明显,第九类组合的抑制率最高。由此推测,作为抑癌基因的p53或CDK抑制基因p21高表达,同时原癌基因c—myc表达受到抑制,可相互协同显著增强对MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用。     

ASPP2增强结肠癌HCT116细胞对奥沙利铂的化疗敏感性

为研究ASPP2对奥沙利铂诱导的结肠癌细胞系HCT116 p53+/+(野生型)凋亡及周期的影响.利用ASPP2（rAd-ASPP2）及p53腺病毒（rAd-p53）感染HCT116 p53+/+细胞,经奥沙利铂50 μmol/L诱导细胞凋亡及周期改变.Western印迹检测ASPP2及p53的表达水平;MTT法检测ASPP2腺病毒对奥沙利铂诱导的HCT116细胞活性的影响;Calcein/PI吸收试验检测细胞凋亡情况;流式细胞术分析细胞周期分布. 结果显示,ASPP2、p53共同过表达,或者ASPP2单独过表达均能增强奥沙利铂诱导的HCT116 p53+/+细胞增殖抑制,以及S期抑制并伴有细胞凋亡水平的升高;而无奥沙利铂诱导时,ASPP2对HCT116 p53+/+细胞的活性、细胞周期及细胞凋亡水平的影响无统计学意义. 上述结果表明,ASPP2能够增强奥沙利铂诱导HCT116 p53+/+细胞的增殖抑制、细胞周期抑制和细胞凋亡.     

Increasing drug resistance in human lung cancer cells by mutant-type p53 gene mediated by retrovirus

Human mutant-type (mt) p53 cDNA was synthesized and cloned from human lung cancer cell line GL containing mt-p53 gene by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was confirmed that the mt-p53 cDNA con-tained the complete coding sequence of p53 gene but mutated at codon 245 (G→T) and resulted in glycine to cysteine by sequencing analysis. The retroviral vector pD53M of the mt-p53 was constructed and introduced into the drug-sen-sitive human lung cancer cells GAO in which p53 gene did not mutate. The transfected GAO cells strongly expressed mutant-type p53 protein by immunohistochemistry, showing that pD53M vector could steadily express in GAO cells. The drug resistance to several anticancer agents of GAO cells infected by pD53M increased in varying degrees, with the highest increase of 4-fold, in vitro and in vivo. By quantitative PCR and flow cytometry (FCM) analyses, the expression of MDR1 gene and the activity of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) did not increase, the expression of MRP gene and the activity of m     

人野生型p53基因增强5-FU对大肠癌化疗敏感性的分子生物学机制

为了探讨人野生型p53（wt-p53）基因增强大肠癌细胞化疗敏感性的分子生物学机制,将携带wt p53基因的质粒分别转染两种p53基因突变的人大肠癌细胞系HT-29及SW620,分析细胞中p53及细胞周期蛋白D1（cyclin D1）蛋白的表达水平;将化疗药物5 氟尿嘧啶（5-fluorouracil,5-FU）以不同浓度、不同时间分别作用于HT-29及SW620细胞,另外将已转染wt-p53基因的大肠癌细胞用5-FU进行诱导,Western印迹分析上述干预条件下细胞中p53蛋白及细胞周期蛋白D1表达水平的变化;流式细胞术检测wt p53基因联合5-FU组及对照组中细胞凋亡的改变情况.结果表明,wt-p53基因能增加癌细胞中细胞周期蛋白D1的表达,与wt-p53基因呈剂量依赖性关系;5-FU则降低其蛋白表达,与5-FU呈时间和剂量依赖性关系,而5-FU所致的细胞周期蛋白D1表达水平的降低在细胞预先转染了wt- p53基因时会被抑制;wt-p53基因与5-FU联合使用能提高大肠癌细胞凋亡率.结果提示,wt-p53基因可提高大肠癌细胞中细胞周期蛋白D1的表达水平,并抑制5-FU所致的细胞周期蛋白D1降解,从而提高大肠癌细胞对化疗药物5-FU的敏感性.     

抗人CD3单链抗体四聚体基因的构建及表达

为构建和表达抗人CD3单链抗体 (scFv) 人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 ,选用人IgG3上游铰链区作为抗人CD3scFv和人p5 3四聚功能域之间连接的linker .利用递归PCR法扩增人IgG3上游铰链区与人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 ,克隆入pUC18载体中构建pUC18 IgG3 p5 3克隆载体 .将抗人CD3scFv克隆入pUC18 IgG3 p5 3载体中 ,构建抗人CD3scFv 人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 .经酶切鉴定及序列测定证实后 ,将融合基因克隆入真核表达载体pSecTag2 B中 ,转染HeLa细胞进行表达 ,表达产物纯化后利用流式细胞仪进行亲和活性测定 .获得了抗人CD3scFv 人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 ,基因全长 882bp ,可编码 2 94个氨基酸 ,与已发表的抗人CD3scFv、人IgG3上游铰链区和人p5 3四聚功能域基因cDNA序列一致 .表达产物经SDS PAGE和Western印迹实验证实为约 35kD的特异蛋白条带 ,纯化后经流式细胞仪检测可以特异性地结合人外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)细胞 ,亲和力高于scFv ,为进一步临床应用奠定基础     

p53在诱导性多潜能干细胞向肿瘤细胞转化中的作用

p53基因是抑制肿瘤形成的抑癌基因,p53通过阻断细胞周期、诱导衰老细胞凋亡和修复受损的DNA从而抑制肿瘤的形成。而突变的p53则具有相反的功能,被认为是促进细胞重编程的关键。这些发现表明p53在去分化过程中具有重要的作用,而肿瘤的形成与细胞重编程存在高度的相似性,所以探讨p53与诱导性多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cell,iPSC)和肿瘤形成之间的联系具有一定的意义。     

Tumor Suppressor p53 Down-Regulates Tissue-Specific Expression of Tyrosinase Gene in Human Melanoma Cell Lines

Tyrosinase, the key gene in melanin pigment synthesis, is tissue-specifically expressed in melanocytic cells. Expression of this gene is regulated by various hormones, carcinogens, and environmental factors. The molecular basis underlying tyrosinase gene regulation is still not clear. In this report, we present the effects of tumor suppressor p53 protein on tyrosinase gene expression and melanin synthesis in human melanoma. After stable transfection of wild type p53 expression plasmid into a highly pigmented melanoma cell line, overexpression of wt p53 suppressed the pigmentation of the melanoma cells. The loss of pigmentation was associated with the loss of endogenous tyrosinase expression at the activity and mRNA levels. In order to determine whether the p53 repression of tyrosinase mRNA involved modulation of tyrosinase promoter activity, transient transfection approaches involving p53 expression plasmid and construct containing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene linked to 270 bp tissue-specific tyrosinase promoter have been used. p53 specifically repressed CAT gene expression from the tyrosinase promoter and not from the Rous sarcoma virus promoter. These data suggest that in human melanoma p53 down-regulates the tissue-specific expression of tyrosinase gene and subsequent melanin synthesis.     

p53 functions as a cell cycle control protein in osteosarcomas.

Mutations in the p53 gene have been associated with a wide range of human tumors, including osteosarcomas. Although it has been shown that wild-type p53 can block the ability of E1a and ras to cotransform primary rodent cells, it is poorly understood why inactivation of the p53 gene is important for tumor formation. We show that overexpression of the gene encoding wild-type p53 blocks the growth of osteosarcoma cells. The growth arrest was determined to be due to an inability of the transfected cells to progress into S phase. This suggests that the role of the p53 gene as an antioncogene may be in controlling the cell cycle in a fashion analogous to the check-point control genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.     

Mutations in p53 cDNA sequence introduced by retroviral vector

The high mutation rates of retroviruses are a potential problem with retroviral vectors. We studied the mutation rates and spectra of p53 sequences transduced with a retroviral vector in a cancer gene therapy model. When p53-deficient H358 non-small cell lung cancer cells were treated with a retroviral vector carrying normal p53 cDNA, most of transduced cells were killed by apoptosis. However, a small number of clones escaped p53-mediated apoptosis. We examined the p53 cDNA structure in these resistant clones. PCR-based analysis showed that 88/102 clones had detectable mutations in p53, including gross rearrangements, deletions/insertions, and base substitutions. To study the mutation rate of the p53 sequence in all transduced clones, the retroviral vector containing the non-functional p53 gene and the Neo-resistant marker gene was introduced into H358 cells. Only one of 95 isolated clones showed a base substitution. These results indicate that the mutation rate of p53 is not particularly high, but there is a significant risk that cancer cells will resist p53 gene therapy as a result of retroviral replication errors.     

P53，Rb和c－myc基因在人脑原发性肿瘤中的转录表达

采用RNA斑点杂交分析,对21例人脑原发性胶质瘤和11例人脑膜瘤中p53,Rb和c-myc基因转录水平的表达进行研究.发现48.4%的肿瘤中p53基因表达减弱,21.9%的肿瘤中Rb基因表达减弱;71.9%的肿瘤中c-myc基因表达增强.在p53基因表达减弱的15例病例中有13例(80%)c-myc基因表达增强.结果表明,p53基因表达减弱和c-myc基因表达增强与人脑原发性肿瘤的发生有关.     

P53，Rb和c－myc基因在人脑原发性肿瘤中的转录表达

采用ＲＮＡ斑点杂交分析,对２１测人脑原发性胶质瘤和１１例人脑膜瘤中ｐ５３,Ｒｂ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因转录水平的表达进行研究,发现４８．４％的肿瘤中ｐ５３基因表达减弱,２１．９％的肿瘤中Ｒｂ基因表达减弱;７１．９％的肿瘤中ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强,在ｐ５３基因表达减弱的１５例病例中有１３例（８０％）ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强,结果表明,ｐ５３基因表达减弱和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强与人脑原发性肿瘤的发生有关。     

Loss of p53 protein in human papillomavirus type 16 E6-immortalized human mammary epithelial cells.

We have shown previously that introduction of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) or HPV18 genome into human mammary epithelial cells induces their immortalization. These immortalized cells have reduced growth factor requirements. We report here that transfection with a single HPV16 gene E6 is sufficient to immortalize these cells and reduce their growth factor requirements. The RB protein is normal in these cells, but the p53 protein is sharply reduced, as shown by immunoprecipitation with anti-p53 antibody (pAB 421). We infer that the E6 protein reduces the p53 protein perhaps by signalling its destruction by the ubiquitin system. The HPV-transforming gene E7 was unable to immortalize human mammary epithelial cells. Thus, cell-specific factors may determine which viral oncogene plays a major role in oncogenesis.