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1.
Akiyoshi Taniguchi Koichi Matsuzaki Katsuya Nakano Mikio Kan Wallace L. Mckeehan 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1998,34(3):232-238
Summary The type III receptor for transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), which exhibits no kinase activity, binds TGFβ1 and TGFβ2
and is involved in assembly and activity of the multi-subunit TGFβ signal transduction complex. Recently we showed that TGFβ
receptor type III (TβRIII) can participate in a complex composed of the dimeric TGFβ ligand and a type III, II, and I receptor
subunit. The interaction of the TβRIII subunit with TβRII is TGFβ-dependent, whereas interaction with TβRI is TGFβ-independent.
Here we use coexpression of the three types of TGFβ receptors in baculoviral-infected insect cells to determine which parts
of the unglycosylated TβRIII receptor participate in the binding of TGFβ, the TGFβ-dependent interaction with TβRII and the
TGFβ-independent interaction with TβRI. The results suggest that the first 500 amino acid residues in the aminoterminal portion
of TβRIII exhibit all three properties. 相似文献
2.
After having established the specificity of the antibodies for the rat testis by western blot analysis, the potential target
cells for transforming growth factors (TGFβs) were identified by immunohistochemical detection of both type I (TβRI) and type
II (TβRII) transducing receptors for TGFβs in the adult rat testis in situ. Leydig cells showed a strong TβRII immunoreactivity
whereas the TβRI staining was weak. Only TβRII was detectable in Sertoli cells. In germ cells, staining for TβRI was stronger
than for TβRII and the expression of both receptors depended on the seminiferous cycle stage. TβRI first appeared in pachytene
spermatocytes and was absent in elongated spermatids from stage XIV onwards. Labelling for TβRII was observed as early as
the spermatogonia stage; it increased in pachytene spermatocytes at the onset of TβRI and disappeared in elongating spermatids
from stage XI onwards. These results show that TGFβs can affect somatic cells functions and suggest that these factors are
involved in the control of meiosis and early spermiogenesis, exerting a direct effect on germ cells.
Accepted: 18 June 1998 相似文献
3.
Hao Yang Guang-Bin Cui Xi-Ying Jiao Jian Wang Gong Ju Si-Wei You 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2010,30(1):149-160
Thymosin-β4 (Tβ4) is a major actin monomer-binding peptide in mammalian tissues and plays a crucial role in the nervous system
in synaptogenesis, neuronal survival and migration, axonal growth, and plastic changes of dendritic spines. However, it is
unknown whether Tβ4 is also involved in challenges with external stress such as ethanol-induced neurotoxicity. In the present
study, we investigated the effects of Tβ4 on ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cerebral cortical astrocytes and the
underlying mechanisms. Primarily cultured astrocytes were treated with 1 μg/ml Tβ4 2 h prior to administration of 100 mM ethanol
for 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 days, respectively. The results showed that ethanol caused neurotoxicity in cultured astrocytes, as shown
by declined cell viability, distinct astroglial apoptosis and increased intracellular peroxidation. Tβ4 markedly promoted
cell viability, ameliorated the injury of intracellular glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunopositive cytoskeletal structures,
reduced the percentage of apoptotic astrocyte and cellular DNA fragmentation, suppressed caspase-3 activity and upregulated
Bcl-2 expression, inhibited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and production of malondialdehyde in ethanol-treated
astrocytes in a time-dependent manner. These data indicated that Tβ4 attenuates ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in cultured
cortical astrocytes through inhibition of apoptosis signaling, and one of the mechanisms underlying the capacity of Tβ4 to
suppress apoptosis may in part be due to its effect of anti-peroxidation. 相似文献
4.
Ochsenreither S Fusi A Geikowski A Stather D Busse A Stroux A Letsch A Keilholz U 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2012,61(3):313-322
Background
Clinically effective T-cell responses can be elicited by single peptide vaccination with Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) epitope 126–134 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We recently showed that a predominant T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain was associated with vaccine-induced complete remission in an AML patient (patient 1). In this study, we address the question of whether this predominant clone or the accompanying Vβ11 restriction could be found in other AML patients vaccinated with the same WT1 peptide. 相似文献5.
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a major actin-sequestering peptide widely distributed in mammalian tissues including the nervous system. The presence
of this peptide in the nervous system likely plays a role in synaptogensis, axon growth, cell migration, and plastic changes
in dendritic spine. However, the effects of Tβ4 on the survival of neurons and axonal outgrowth have still not been fully
understood. So far it is not clear if the effects of Tβ4 are associated with L1 functions. In the present study, we hypothesized
that Tβ4-induced up-regulation of L1 synthesis could be involved in the survival and axon outgrowth of cultured spinal cord
neurons. To test this hypothesis, primarily cultured neurons were prepared from the mouse spinal cord and treated with various
concentrations of Tβ4 ranging from 0.1 to 10 μg/ml. The analysis of L1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in neurons was
then carried out using RT-PCR and western blot assays, respectively. After the addition of Tβ4 to cultures, cells were then
treated with antibodies against distinct domains of L1-Fc. Subsequently, β-tubulin III and L1 double-labeled indirect immunofluorescence
was carried out. Meanwhile, L1 immunofluorescent reactivity was analyzed and compared in cells treated with Tβ4. Furthermore,
the number of β-tubulin III-positive cells and neurite lengths were measured. We found that Tβ4 enhanced L1 expression in
a dose-dependent manner, and the highest L1 mRNA and protein synthesis in cells increased by more than 2.1- and 2.3-fold in
the presence of Tβ4 at identical concentrations, respectively. Moreover, it also dose dependently enhanced neurite outgrowth
and neuronal survival. Compared to conditions without Tβ4, the length of neurite and neuronal survival increased markedly
in presence of 0.5, 1, and 5 μg/ml Tβ4, respectively, whereas the effects of Tβ4 were significantly attenuated or inhibited
in the process of L1-Fc antibodies treatment. These above results indicate that the promotive effect of Tβ4 on the survival
and neurite outgrowth of cultured spinal cord neurons might be mediated, at least in part via a stimulation of the production
of L1 in the neurons. 相似文献
6.
Non-Smad signaling pathways 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
7.
Taila Hartley Madura Siva Elida Lai Tracy Teodoro Liling Zhang Allen Volchuk 《BMC cell biology》2010,11(1):59
Background
Cells respond to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) stress by activating the unfolded protein response. To study the ER stress response in pancreatic β-cells we developed a model system that allows for pathophysiological ER stress based on the Akita mouse. This mouse strain expresses a mutant insulin 2 gene (C96Y), which prevents normal proinsulin folding causing ER stress and eventual β-cell apoptosis. A double-stable pancreatic β-cell line (pTet-ON INS-1) with inducible expression of insulin 2 (C96Y) fused to EGFP was generated to study the ER stress response. 相似文献8.
Background
Thymosin α1 (Tα1), a 28-amino acid N α -acetylated peptide, has a powerful general immunostimulating activity. Although biosynthesis is an attractive means of large-scale manufacture, to date, Tα1 can only be chemosynthesized because of two obstacles to its biosynthesis: the difficulties in expressing small peptides and obtaining N α -acetylation. In this study, we describe a novel production process for N α -acetylated Tα1 in Escherichia coli. 相似文献9.
Background
While traditional models of Alzheimer's disease focused on large fibrillar deposits of the Aβ42 amyloid peptide in the brain, recent work suggests that the major pathogenic effects may be attributed to SDS-stable oligomers of Aβ42. These Aβ42 oligomers represent a rational target for therapeutic intervention, yet factors governing their assembly are poorly understood. 相似文献10.
Adriana A Reyes Barcelo Francisco J Gonzalez-Velasquez Melissa A Moss 《Journal of biological engineering》2009,3(1):5-8
Background
Self-assembly of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a result, synthetic molecules capable of inhibiting Aβ self-assembly could serve as therapeutic agents and endogenous molecules that modulate Aβ self-assembly may influence disease progression. However, increasing evidence implicating a principal pathogenic role for small soluble Aβ aggregates warns that inhibition at intermediate stages of Aβ self-assembly may prove detrimental. Here, we explore the inhibition of Aβ1–40 self-assembly by serum albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, and the influence of this inhibition on Aβ1–40 activation of endothelial cells for monocyte adhesion. 相似文献11.
Joshua B Kelley Ashley M Talley Adam Spencer Daniel Gioeli Bryce M Paschal 《BMC cell biology》2010,11(1):63
Background
Classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) dependent nuclear import is carried out by a heterodimer of importin α and importin β. NLS cargo is recognized by importin α, which is bound by importin β. Importin β mediates translocation of the complex through the central channel of the nuclear pore, and upon reaching the nucleus, RanGTP binding to importin β triggers disassembly of the complex. To date, six importin α family members, encoded by separate genes, have been described in humans. 相似文献12.
13.
Rudresh Acharya Madhvi Gupta Suryanarayanarao Ramakumar Udupi A Ramagopal Virander S Chauhan 《BMC structural biology》2007,7(1):51
Background
The de novo design of peptides and proteins has recently surfaced as an approach for investigating protein structure and function. This approach vitally tests our knowledge of protein folding and function, while also laying the groundwork for the fabrication of proteins with properties not precedented in nature. The success of these studies relies heavily on the ability to design relatively short peptides that can espouse stable secondary structures. To this end, substitution with α, β-dehydroamino acids, especially α, β-dehydrophenylalanine (ΔPhe) comes in use for spawning well-defined structural motifs. Introduction of ΔPhe induces β-bends in small and 310-helices in longer peptide sequences. 相似文献14.
Background
In recent years, it has been gradually realized that bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) could be biologically active. In particular, several proteins including green fluorescent protein, β-galactosidase, β-lactamase, alkaline phosphatase, D-amino acid oxidase, polyphosphate kinase 3, maltodextrin phosphorylase, and sialic acid aldolase have been successfully produced as active IBs when fused to an appropriate partner such as the foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid protein VP1, or the human β-amyloid peptide Aβ42(F19D). As active IBs may have many attractive advantages in enzyme production and industrial applications, it is of considerable interest to explore them further. 相似文献15.
Claus A Andersen Stefano Gotta Letizia Magnoni Roberto Raggiaschi Andreas Kremer Georg C Terstappen 《BMC bioinformatics》2009,10(1):141-15
Background
Quantitative measurements of specific protein phosphorylation sites, as presented here, can be used to investigate signal transduction pathways, which is an important aspect of cell dynamics. The presented method quantitatively compares peptide abundances from experiments using 18O/16O labeling starting from elaborated MS spectra. It was originally developed to study signaling cascades activated by amyloid-β treatment of neurons used as a cellular model system with relevance to Alzheimer's disease, but is generally applicable. 相似文献16.
Background
The control of the subcellular localization of cell cycle regulators has emerged as a crucial mechanism in cell division regulation. The active transport of proteins between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is mediated by the transport receptors of the β-karyopherin family. In this work we characterized the terminal phenotype of a mutant strain in β-karyopherin Kap95, a component of the classical nuclear import pathway. 相似文献17.
Wähämaa H Schierbeck H Hreggvidsdottir HS Palmblad K Aveberger AC Andersson U Harris HE 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(4):R136
Introduction
In addition to its direct proinflammatory activity, extracellular high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) can strongly enhance the cytokine response evoked by other proinflammatory molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG-DNA and IL-1β, through the formation of complexes. Extracellular HMGB1 is abundant in arthritic joint tissue where it is suggested to promote inflammation as intra-articular injections of HMGB1 induce synovitis in mice and HMGB1 neutralizing therapy suppresses development of experimental arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine whether HMGB1 in complex with LPS, interleukin (IL)-1α or IL-1β has enhancing effects on the production of proinflammatory mediators by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) and osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts (OASF). Furthermore, we examined the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and IL-1RI requirement for the cytokine-enhancing effects of the investigated HMGB1-ligand complexes. 相似文献18.
Wan-Ting Cheng Zhi-Xuan Guo Chia-An Lin Ming-Yi Lin Li-Chu Tung Kang Fang 《BMC cell biology》2009,10(1):91
Background
The multifunctional protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein phosphatase composed of a scaffolding, catalytic and regulatory subunits. By modifying various downstream signal transducers, the aberrant expression of the brain-targeted regulatory subunit PPP2R2B is associated with the onset of a panel of neuronal disorders. The alternatively splicing of PPP2R2B encodes two regulatory subunit isoforms that determine cellular distribution of the neuron-specific holoenzyme to mitochondria (Bβ2) and cytoplasm (Bβ1), respectively. 相似文献19.
Christian Rausch Ilka Hoof Tilmann Weber Wolfgang Wohlleben Daniel H Huson 《BMC evolutionary biology》2007,7(1):78