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1.
Bahareh Ghanbarzadeh Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(9):1050-1062
One of the economically important diseases of onion is the basal rot caused by various Fusarium species. Identification of the pathogenic species prevalent in a region is indispensable for designing management strategies, especially to develop resistant cultivars. Eighty Fusarium isolates are obtained from red onion bulbs on infected fields of East Azarbaijan province. Inoculating the onion bulbs with 38 selective isolates indicated that 17 isolates were pathogenic on onion. According to the morphological and molecular characteristics, these isolates were identified as F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. proliferatum and F. redolens. This is the first report of F. redolens on onion in Iran. On the other hand, the virulence of each pathogenic isolate was evaluated on onion bulbs and seedlings. F. oxysporum which causes severe rot and damping-off was considered as a highly virulent species in both conditions. While, F. proliferatum was considered as the most destructive on onion bulbs. Rot ability of F. solani was not considerable, and only the 4S isolate caused pre- and post-emergence damping-off more than 50%. Finally, F. redolens with less pathogenicity on onion bulbs was identified as the most virulent isolate on onion seedlings, which was explanatory of its importance on farm. 相似文献
2.
Ren X Kong Q Wang H Yu T Tang YJ Zhou WW Zheng X 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2012,35(5):761-767
Recombinant Pichia pastoris yeasts expressing cecropin A (GS115/CEC), was evaluated for the control of the blue mold of apple caused by Penicillium expansum due to cecropin A peptide’s effective antimicrobial effects on P. expansum spores by the thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay. Then, the protein concentration was determined and it was expressed at high levels
up to 14.2 mg/L in the culture medium. Meanwhile, the population growth was assayed in vivo. The population growth of recombinant
strain GS115/CEC was higher than that of non-transformed strain GS115 in red Fuji apples wounds. Recombinant yeast strains
GS115/CEC significantly inhibited growth of germinated P. expansum spores in vitro and inhibited decay development caused by P. expansum in apple fruits in vivo when compared with apple fruits inoculated with sterile water or the yeast strain GS115/pPIC (plasmid
pPIC9k transformed in GS115). This study demonstrated the potential of expression of the antifungal peptide in yeast for the
control of postharvest blue mold infections on pome fruits. 相似文献
3.
Gamma irradiation‐induced disease resistance of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia “Niitaka”) against Penicillium expansum
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In this study, the effects of gamma irradiation on the resistance of pear fruit against Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mould disease, were investigated. A low dose of gamma irradiation for 14 days increased the disease resistance and firmness of pear fruits. Remarkably, exposure to 200 Gy of gamma irradiation significantly maintained fruit firmness, markedly reduced disease incidence and enhanced the activity of defence‐related enzymes (e.g., β‐1,3‐glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes (e.g., PR‐1, PR‐3 and PR‐4). Therefore, the gamma irradiation‐induced resistance against P. expansum involves both metabolic changes and the induction of expression of defence‐related genes. In addition, scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that gamma irradiation significantly inhibits the growth of P. expansum. These results suggest that exposure of mature harvested pear fruits to artificial gamma irradiation confers fungal disease resistance; therefore, gamma irradiation represents an important strategy for controlling postharvest diseases in pear fruit. 相似文献
4.
Sara Lebiush‐Mordechai Orly Erlich Marcel Maymon Stanley Freeman Tslila Ben‐David Tal Ofek Eric Palevsky Leah Tsror 《Journal of Phytopathology》2014,162(7-8):466-471
In the past 10 years, there has been a substantial increase in reports, from growers and extension personnel, on bulb and root rots in lily (Lilium longiflorum) in Israel. Rot in these plants, when grown as cut flowers, caused serious economic damage expressed in reduction in yield and quality. In lily, the fungal pathogens involved in the rot were characterized as binucleate Rhizoctonia AG‐A, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium oligandrum, Fusarium proliferatum (white and purple isolates) and F. oxysporum, using morphological and molecular criteria. These fungi were the prevalent pathogens in diseased plants collected from commercial greenhouses. Pathogenicity trials were conducted on lily bulbs and onion seedlings under controlled conditions in a greenhouse to complete Koch's postulates. Disease symptoms on lily were most severe in treatments inoculated with binucleate Rhizoctonia AG‐A, P. oligandrum and F. proliferatum. Plant height was lower in the above treatments compared with the control plants. The least aggressive fungus was R. solani. In artificial inoculations of onion, seedling survival was significantly affected by all fungi. The most pathogenic fungus was F. proliferatum w and the least were isolates of F. oxysporum (II and III). All fungi were successfully re‐isolated from the inoculated plants. 相似文献
5.
Mehmet Ali Sevik 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(3):339-343
With the aim of understanding virus movement and fluctuations in the virus concentration in bulb and leaves of onion (Allium cepa L.) plants after infection, Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) was analysed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). OYDV concentrations were higher in onion leaves of plants grown from tested bulbs compared with bulbs, although the virus was successfully detected in bulb of onion. 相似文献
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7.
Beneficial microorganism survival on seed, roots and in rhizosphere soil following application to seed during drum priming 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Priming is a technique used to improve seedling establishment of direct-seeded crops such as onion and carrot, resulting in a quick and uniform emergence. This work investigated the application of four selected beneficial microorganisms (Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0, Clonostachys rosea IK726d11 and Trichoderma harzianum T22) to onion and carrot seed during drum priming, and their subsequent survival and establishment in the rhizosphere once the seed was planted. Different application rates of fungi (7 log10 cfu g−1 dry seed) and bacteria (6 log10 cfu g−1 dry seed) were required on onion to achieve the end target of 5 log10 cfu g−1 dry seed, whereas a lower rate (5 log10 cfu g−1 dry seed for both bacteria and fungi) was successful on carrot. Microorganism-treated seed was planted in soil in the glasshouse and root and rhizosphere soil samples were taken at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-planting. All seed-applied microorganisms were recovered throughout the experiment, although differences in the survival patterns were seen. The bacterial isolates declined in number over time, with P. fluorescens CHA0 showing better overall survival than P. chlororaphis MA342, particularly on the roots and in the rhizosphere soil of carrot. In contrast to the bacteria, the fungal isolate C. rosea IK726d11 showed good survival on both onion and carrot, and increased significantly in number throughout the 8-week period. Trichoderma harzianum T22 remained relatively constant in number throughout the experiment, but showed better survival on carrot than onion roots. Similar results were found in three different soil-types. 相似文献
8.
Impact of veA on the development,aggressiveness, dissemination and secondary metabolism of Penicillium expansum
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Christelle El Hajj Assaf Selma P. Snini Souria Tadrist Sylviane Bailly Claire Naylies Isabelle P. Oswald Sophie Lorber Olivier Puel 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2018,19(8):1971-1983
9.
Leila Ebrahimi Heshmatolah Aminian Hassan Reza Etebarian Navazolah Sahebani 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(17):2057-2065
In this study, Torulaspora delbrueckii alone and in combination with silicon were evaluated for the control of apple blue mould disease caused by Penicillium expansum. In vitro, the antagonistic effects of T. delbrueckii in controlling mycelial growth of P. expansum on potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) in dual cultures, and the growth of P. expansum alone with cell-free metabolites and volatile components of T. delbrueckii were assayed. In vitro, to evaluate the direct effect of silicon on mycelial growth of pathogen, silicon at different concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1 and 2% (wt./vol.)) was added to PDA medium. Silicon at 0.6% (wt./vol.) and above concentrations completely inhibited the mycelial growth of P. expansum. However, it had no significant effect on population dynamics of yeast in vitro and in apple wounds. In vivo, silicon at 0.2 and 1% (wt./vol.) in combination with antagonistic yeast (1 × 108 cell/ml) was a more effective approach to reduce the lesion diameter of blue mould decay of apples than the application of silicon or T. delbrueckii alone at 20 and 4°C, respectively. 相似文献
10.
Anwei Luo Junqing Bai Rui Li Yimeng Fang Lin Li Dan Wang Lu Zhang Jin Liang Tianzi Huang Liping Kou 《Journal of Phytopathology》2019,167(7-8):470-478
The objective was to reveal the effects of ozone treatment on quality maintenance and resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum in kiwifruit during postharvest storage. Kiwifruits were treated with 79.44 ppm gaseous ozone for 1 hr once a day for 7 day at 0°C to determine the effects of ozone treatment on the quality and disease incidence caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum in vivo and the growth of B. cinerea and P. expansum in vitro. Ozone treatment significantly reduced the disease incidence of kiwifruit and inhibited the mycelial development and spore germination of B. cinerea and P. expansum. High levels of fruit firmness and titratable acidity were maintained in the ozone‐treated kiwifruit, and the activities of the defence‐related enzymes were remarkably enhanced. Therefore, ozone treatment may be an effective method to maintain the quality of kiwifruit and control its decay during postharvest storage. 相似文献
11.
High diversity of Pseudo‐nitzschia along the northern coast of Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo), with descriptions of P. bipertita sp. nov. and P. limii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae)
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Sing Tung Teng Suh Nih Tan Hong Chang Lim Viet Ha Dao Stephen S. Bates Chui Pin Leaw 《Journal of phycology》2016,52(6):973-989
12.
Anamika Sobita Simon R. K. Singh 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(1):101-104
Onion is an important indispensable item in every kitchen as condiment and vegetable, hence commands an extensive internal market. The green leaves and immature and mature bulbs are eaten raw or used in preparation of vegetables. Among the various pests and diseases associated with onion, the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) had proved itself as an important limiting factor for successful cultivation of this crop. Recently root-knot nematode was observed to cause serious losses to green onion crop grown mostly in the field located near the Jamuna & Ganga river belt of Allahabad and the surrounding area in U.P. Differential host test was done to confirm the root knot disease in onion. The specific identity of the nematode was determined by cutting perineal pattern of the females and was confirmed as Meloidogyne incognita. 相似文献
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14.
D. Abramson G. Lombaert R. M. Clear P. Sholberg R. Trelka E. Rosin 《Mycotoxin Research》2009,25(2):85-88
Twenty-four isolates of Penicillium expansum Link from British Columbia (Canada) apples were cultured in yeast-extract sucrose (YES) at 25°C for 28 days to investigate
production of patulin and citrinin. These isolates proved to be potent producers of citrinin, patulin, or in most cases, both
mycotoxins. In every isolate, citrinin, patulin, or both compounds were produced at levels as high as 565 μg/mL (mean 269 μg/mL)
and 100 μg/mL (mean 31 μg/mL), respectively. Of the 24 isolates, 4 produced citrinin only, and 2 produced patulin only. Overall,
83% of the isolates formed patulin and 91% formed citrinin. YES broth proved to be an effective medium for patulin and citrinin
production. Other workers have noted that production of these mycotoxins in culture often presages production in fruits, so
these results might help Canadian fruit processors evaluate and minimize mycotoxin levels in their products. 相似文献
15.
Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Ptilophora (Gelidiales,Rhodophyta) with descriptions of P. aureolusa,P. malagasya,and P. spongiophila from Madagascar
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Ga Hun Boo Line Le Gall Il Ki Hwang Kathy Ann Miller Sung Min Boo 《Journal of phycology》2018,54(2):249-263
The genus Ptilophora currently includes 16 species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats of the Indo‐Pacific Ocean, but its global diversity and biogeography are poorly understood. We analyzed mitochondrial cox1, plastid rbcL and plastid psbA sequences from specimens collected in southern Madagascar during the 2010 Atimo Vatae expedition and studied their morphologies. Both morphological and molecular data sets demonstrated the presence of five species in southern Madagascar: Ptilophora hildebrandtii, P. pterocladioides, and three new species described here, P. aureolusa, P. malagasya, and P. spongiophila. Ptilophora aureolusa is distinguished by its compound pinnae with uniformly spaced pinnules. Ptilophora malagasya has an indistinct midrib and irregularly spaced pinnules. Ptilophora spongiophila, heavily coated with sponges, has cylindrical to flattened main axes, lateral and surface proliferations, and spatulate tetrasporangial sori. The species of Ptilophora found in Madagascar are endemic, except P. hildebrandtii, which also occurs in eastern Africa. Ptilophora comprises four phylogenetic groups that map to eastern Australia, Japan, western Australia/Southeast Asia/Madagascar/eastern Africa, and Madagascar/eastern Africa/Aegean Sea. Biogeographical analysis revealed that the ancestor of Ptilophora originated in Australia, but most of the species radiated from Madagascar. 相似文献
16.
17.
Mukesh K. Malviya Anita Pandey Pankaj Trivedi Garima Gupta Bhavesh Kumar 《Current microbiology》2009,59(5):502-508
Seventy-eight isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from the soil samples collected from alpine zones of Pindari glacier
region in Indian Himalaya. Following a plate based rapid screening using two test fungi, five efficient isolates (nos. HA1,
HA2, HA6, HA40, and HA142) were selected for further characterization with special reference to their antagonistic properties.
Based on phenotypic and genotypic characters, the isolates were identified up to species level. All the isolates belonged
to the genus Streptomyces. The isolate nos. HA1 and HA2 were S. sampsonii and HA6, HA40 and HA142 were S. griseobrunneus, S. aurantiacus, and S. griseoluteus, respectively. The isolates showed strong antifungal properties against phytopathogenic test fungi in plate assays. All the
isolates hydrolyzed glycol–chitin as a substrate in denaturing conditions showing variable amount of different isoforms. 相似文献
18.
Chemotaxonomic Considerations of the n‐Alkane Composition in Pinus heldreichii,P. nigra,and P. peuce
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Biljana M. Nikolić Zorica S. Mitić Vele V. Tešević Iris Ž. Đorđević Marina M. Todosijević Srdjan R. Bojović Petar D. Marin 《化学与生物多样性》2018,15(9)
The n‐alkane composition in the leaf cuticular waxes of natural populations of Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii), Austrian pine (P. nigra), and Macedonian pine (P. peuce) was compared for the first time. The range of n‐alkanes was wider in P. nigra (C16 – C33) than in P. heldreichii and P. peuce (C18 – C33). Species also diverged in abundance and range of dominant n‐alkanes (P. heldreichii: C23, C27, and C25; P. nigra: C25, C27, C29, and C23; P. peuce: C29, C25, C27, and C23). Multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, DA, and CA) generally pointed out separation of populations of P. nigra from populations of P. heldreichii and P. peuce (which were, to a greater or lesser extent, separated too). However, position of these species on the basis of n‐alkane composition was in accordance neither with infrageneric classification nor with recent molecular and terpene investigations. 相似文献
19.
《Fungal biology》2023,127(3):901-908
Blue mold decay caused by Penicillium expansum is one of the most important postharvest diseases of grapes, leading to considerable economic losses. Regarding the increasing demand for pesticide-free foods, this study aimed to find potential yeast strains for biological control of blue mold on table grapes. A total of 50 yeast strains were screened for antagonistic activity against P. expansum using the dual culture method and six strains significantly inhibited the fungal growth. All six yeast strains (Coniochaeta euphorbiae, Auerobasidium mangrovei, Tranzscheliella sp., Geotrichum candidum, Basidioascus persicus, and Cryptococcus podzolicus) reduced the fungal growth (29.6–85.0%) and the decay degree of wounded grape berries inoculated with P. expansum while G. candidum was found to be the most efficient biocontrol agent. On the basis of antagonistic activity, the strains were further characterized by in vitro assays involving inhibition of conidial germination, production of volatile compounds, iron competition, production of hydrolytic enzymes, biofilm-forming capacity, and exhibited three or more putative mechanisms. To our knowledge, the yeasts are reported for the first time as potential biocontrol agents against the blue mold of grapes but more study is required to evaluate their efficiency related to field application. 相似文献
20.
Vibrio vulnificus causes disease in economically important aquaculture raised fish and is an opportunistic human pathogen. This study reports on the isolation of V. vulnificus from diseased hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) cultured in a North American water reuse facility. Our objectives were to characterize the isolate using biochemical and molecular methods, develop a disease challenge model, and determine the ability of a formalin inactivated whole-cell vaccine to protect against V. vulnificus. The V. vulnificus isolate recovered was biotype 1, 16S rRNA type B, vcg type C, and vvhA type 2 and caused disease in tilapia held in static salt water (1.5 g/l sea salt). Fish vaccinated with the formalin inactivated whole-cell vaccine responded to vaccination with titers from vaccinated fish ranging from 32 to 64 and titers from non-vaccinated fish ranging from 4 to 8. In two trials, vaccinated tilapia exhibited relative percent survival (RPS) of 73 and 60% following homologous isolate challenge. In two additional trials, vaccinated tilapia exhibited RPS values of up to 88% following challenge with a heterologous isolate; the use of a mineral oil adjuvant enhanced protection. This vaccine may provide an effective means of preventing infections caused by biochemically and genetically diverse V. vulnificus. 相似文献