中国银莲花属新分类

该文对中国毛茛科银莲花属(Anemone L.)进行了分类学研究,共收载86种,可将这些种划分为10组:其中5组,即草玉梅组、西南银莲花组、钝裂银莲花组、短柱银莲花组和直果银莲花组均是该属具中等演化水平的分类群;另外5组,即银莲花组、鹅掌草组、卵叶银莲花组、二岐银莲花组和打破碗花花组则均是具高度演化水平的分类群.在这1...     

华西南银莲花属研究随记（英文）

在本文中将短柱银莲花(于2004年被归并于毛果银莲花)、凉山银莲花和鲁甸银莲花(二种于2001年被降级作为匙叶银莲花的二变种)的种级地位予以恢复;描述了自我国西南部发现的银莲花属2新变种(直柱凉山银莲花和宽叶湿地银莲花),并给出其等的特征纪要。     

国产毛茛科银莲花族十七种植物的细胞学研究

研究了国产毛茛科银莲花族Trib．Anemoneae 17种植物的染色体数目和核型。10种银莲花属 Anemone L．植物中,1种(西南银莲花A．davidii)为x=8的四倍体(2n=4x=32),5种(匍枝银莲花A． stolonifera、草玉梅 A．rivularis、卵叶银莲花A ．begoniifolia、水棉花A．hupehensis f. alba、大火草A．tomen- tosa)为x=8的二倍体(2n=2x=16),4种(鹅掌草A．flaccida、湿地银莲花A．rupestris、蓝匙叶银莲花 A．trullifolia var．colestina、拟条叶银莲花A．trullifolia var．holophylla、展毛银莲花A．demissa)为x=7的 二倍体(2n=2x=14)。罂粟莲花Anemoclema glaucifolium 为x=8的二倍体。6种铁线莲属Clematis L.植 物(滇川铁线莲C．kockiana、长花铁线莲C．rehderiana、毛茛铁线莲C．ranunculoides、扬子铁线莲C． puberula var．ganpiniana、短尾铁线莲C．brevicaudata、金毛铁线莲A．chrysocoma)均为x=8的二倍体。银 莲花属中x=7的种类的核型彼此十分相似,均由6对大型具中部着丝点的染色体和1对具端部着丝点 的染色体组成;x=8的二倍体种类的核型与罂粟莲花属和铁线莲属植物的核型十分相似,均由5对大型 具中部着丝点和3对具端部或近端部着丝点的染色体组成。     

国产毛莨科银莲花族十七种植物的细胞学研究

研究了国产毛茛科银莲花族Trib.Anemoneae17种植物的染色体数目和核型。10种银莲花属AnemoneL.植物中,1种（西南银莲花A.davidii)为x=8的四倍体（2n=4x=32）,5种（匍枝银莲花A.stolonifera、草玉酶A.rivularis、卵叶银莲花A.begoniifolia、水棉花A.hupehensis f.allba、大火草A.tomentosa）为x=8的二倍体（2n=2x=16）,4种（鹅掌草A.flaccida、湿地银莲花A.rupestris、蓝匙叶银莲花A.trullifolia var.colestina、拟条叶银莲花A.trulifolia var.holophylla、展毛银莲花A.rupestris）为x=7的二倍体（2n=2x=14)。罂粟莲花Anemoclema glaucifolium为x=8的二倍体。6种铁线莲属ClematisL.植物（滇川铁线莲C.hkockiana、长花钱线莲C.rehderiana、金毛铁线莲A.chrysocoma）均为x=8的二倍体。银莲花花属中x=7的种类核型彼此十分相似,均由6对大型具中部着丝点的染色体和1对具端部着丝点的染色体组成;x=8的二倍体种类的核型与罂粟莲花属和铁线莲属植物的核型十分相似,均由5对大型具中部着丝点和3对具端部或近端部着丝点的染色体组成。     

中国重庆毛茛科银莲花属一新种——涪陵银莲花

描述了中国重庆市涪陵区的毛莨科Ranunculaceae银莲花属Anemone一新种——涪陵银莲花A．fulingensisW.T．Wang＆Z．Y.Liu,并绘出墨线图。根据此新种的总苞苞片无柄,花具4-5枚萼片,花丝丝形,花粉具散沟等特征,可以确定此种应是属于银莲花属鹅掌草组Anemone sect．Stolonifera的一个成员;在该组中,此种以其独特的由2-10个块茎组成的念珠状根状茎而与该组的其他种相区别。鉴于在银莲花属中块茎出现于不同的演化路线中,以及这些块茎的出现系次生现象,可见此新种应是鹅掌草组的进化种。     

加查银莲花(毛茛科)的名实订正

通过标本检查, 发现毛茛科加查银莲花(Anemone jiachaensis W. T. Wang)与西藏银莲花(A. tibetica W. T. Wang)属于同一种植物, 故将前者处理为后者的异名。加查银莲花发表时被置于鹅掌草组[A. sect. Stolonifera (Ulbr.) Juz.], 但其花粉为三沟而非多沟, 与岩生银莲花亚组[A. subsect. Rupicolae (Tamura ex Chaudhary & Trifonova) Starod.]的岩生银莲花(A. rupicola Camb.)(西藏银莲花亦属于该亚组)的花粉类型一致, 而与鹅掌草组植物的多沟花粉明显不同, 从而进一步表明加查银莲花与西藏银莲花确为同一种植物而且应为岩生银莲花亚组的成员。     

银莲花属一新组和一新种

本文描述了中国河北省小五台山的毛茛科Ranunculaceae银莲花属Anemone一新组--小五台银莲花组sect. Leptothece W. T. Wang &; Bing Liu及其一新种--小五台银莲花A. xiaowutaishanica W. T. Wang &; Bing Liu, 并绘出墨线图。此新组与钝裂银莲花组sect. Himalayicae同具以下形态特征: 垂直的根状茎, 丛生的基生叶, 具1花的聚伞花序, 条形花丝, 具三沟的花粉粒, 具小刺的覆盖层, 钻形花柱, 而与后者相近缘; 但其总苞苞片分裂程度较大, 3深裂或3全裂, 每花只有3枚心皮, 子房强烈两侧扁压, 而与后者相区别; 同时, 根据上述进化特征可见新组比钝裂银莲花组演化水平高, 可能自后者分化而出。小五台银莲花的分布区很小, 只分布在河北小五台山的山涧口附近的一山谷中, 显然是一狭域分布种; 此外, 再根据其上述进化形态特征, 推测其可能是一新特有种。     

草玉梅化学成分的研究

草玉梅（ＡｎｅｍｏｎｅｒｉｖｕｌａｒｉｓＢｕｃｈ．－Ｈａｍ．ｅｘＤＣ．）为毛茛科银莲花属植物,根状茎和叶供药用,治疗喉炎、扁桃腺炎、风湿疼痛和胃痛等症［１］。其化学成分已有报道［２,３］,主要为三萜皂甙。最近,我们从草玉梅全草的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了３种化学成分,其中两种为已知成分乌苏酸（Ⅰ）和β－谷甾醇（Ⅱ）,一种为新化合物,命名为草玉梅甙Ａ（ａｎｅｍｏｓｉｄｅＡ）（Ⅲ）。本文主要报道草玉梅甙Ａ的结构鉴定。化合物Ⅲ为白色粉末,Ｌｉｅｂｅｒｍａｎｎ－Ｂｕｒｃｈａｒｄ试验为阳性,Ⅲ经酸水解,甙元与…     

中国赤车属新分类

(1)根据该文中赤车属与楼梯草属各种形态学的区别,认为赤车属较为原始,在楼梯草属之前自冷水花属衍生而出。(2)将赤车属划分为5组;将C.B.Robinson描述的Elatostemoides属降为组级群,作为赤车属中接近原始群全缘赤车组sect.Pileoides的一个组处理,此外还描述了一个与sect.Elatostemoides近缘的1新组,羽脉赤车组sect.Leiolaena,并根据叶、叶的脉序、雌花序、雌花被片和瘦果等器官的演化趋势给出显示赤车属属下诸群间亲缘关系的系统发育树。(3)对中国赤车属的属下分类群进行了修订,共承认32种1亚种7变种,给出检索表、描述及多幅插图,并将它们划分为4组、2亚组和9系,其中除sect.Leiolaena之外,还新描述了2亚组、5系、2种和3变种;在2003年被归并为同物异名的长柄赤车、曲毛赤车、波缘赤车、小赤车和富宁赤车的种级地位得到恢复。此外,还写出了中国赤车属的分类学简史和地理分布。     

中国灯心草属植物的研究

本文通过对国产灯心草属植物的研究,提出了一个中国灯心草属分类系统排列,首次确认我国产6亚属,14组(包括10个新组),4个系(包括3个新系),77种(包括14个新种),l亚种(新亚种)和10变种(包括4个新变种),对其中一些种类作了归并及处理。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism