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1.
GroELx and GroESx proteins of symbiotic X-bacteria from Amoeba proteus were overproduced in Escherichia coli transformed with pAJX91 and pUXGPRM, respectively, and their chaperonin functions were assayed. We utilized sigma(70)-dependent specific promoters of groEx in the expression vectors and grew recombinant cells at 37 degrees C to minimize coexpression of host groE of E. coli. For purifying the proteins, we applied the principle of heat stability for GroELx and pI difference for GroESx to minimize copurification with the hosts GroEL and GroES, respectively. After ultracentrifugation in a sucrose density gradient, the yield and purity of GroELx were 56 and 89%, respectively. The yield and purity of GroESx after anion-exchange chromatography were 62 and 91%, respectively. Purified GroELx had an ATPase activity of 53.2 nmol Pi released/min/mg protein at 37 degrees C. The GroESx protein inhibited ATPase activity of GroELx to 60% of the control at a ratio of 1 for GroESx-7mer/GroELx-14mer. GroESLx helped refolding of urea-unfolded rhodanese up to 80% of the native activity at 37 degrees C. By chemical cross-linking analysis, oligomeric properties of GroESx and GroELx were confirmed as GroESx(7) and GroELx(14) in two stacks of GroELx(7). In this study, we developed a method for the purification of GroESLx and demonstrated that their chaperonin function is homologous to GroESL of E. coli. 相似文献
2.
Marek S. Zi
tara Edward F. Skorkowski 《The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology》1995,27(11):1169-1174
Cells exposed to temperature a few degrees higher than their growth temperature synthesize heat shock proteins (hsp) which may then compose even 20% of total protein content. This paper examined the in vitro protective effect of heat shock protein DnaK (70 kDa) from Escherichia coli against the heat inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme LDH-A4. The LDH-A4 isoenzyme was purified from fish skeletal muscle using the affinity chromatography on Oxamate-agarose. The enzyme was then heated in the absence and the presence of DnaK protein in a water bath at either 51 or 55°C. The LDH activity was determined by measuring the change in absorbency at 340 nm min−1 at 30°C. The addition of DnaK protein to the LDH-A4 isoenzyme before heat treatment can protect enzyme activity against mild thermal inactivation. Incubation of the LDH-A4 isoenzyme at 51°C in the presence of DnaK protein stimulates its activity by about 30%. The presence of 2 mM ATP can raise LDH activity by another 10%. No significant recovery was observed when DnaK protein was added to LDH at 25°C following earlier inactivation. The maximal activities (Vmax) in the presence of DnaK protein are almost twice those without DnaK protein in the case of heat-treated LDH-A4 isoenzyme at 51°C. The observed protection of LDH-A4 activity increased with the increasing DnaK protein concentration in the incubation medium. Results suggested that the presence of DnaK protein can protect LDH-A4 from heat inactivation. This action may be important as a part of cellular chaperone machinery capable of repairing heat-induced protein damage. It may have a fundamental role in the acquisition of the thermotolerance to stress temperatures. 相似文献
3.
Randall K Packer Jeffrey L Garvin 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》1998,120(4):777-783
We measured Na+/K+ ATPase activity in homogenates of gill tissue prepared from field caught, winter and summer acclimatized yellow perch, Perca flavescens. Water temperatures were 2–4°C in winter and 19–22°C in summer. Na+/K+ ATPase activity was measured at 8, 17, 25, and 37°C. Vmax values for winter fish increased from 0.48±0.07 μmol P mg−1 protein h−1 at 8°C to 7.21±0.79 μmol P mg−1 protein h−1 at 37°C. In summer fish it ranged from 0.46±0.08 (8°C) to 3.86±0.50 (37°C) μmol P mg−1 protein h−1. The Km for ATP and for Na+ at 8°C was ≈1.6 and 10 mM, respectively and did not vary significantly with assay temperature in homogenates from summer fish. The activation energy for Na+/K+ ATPase from summer fish was 10 309 (μmol P mg−1 h−1) K−1. In winter fish, the Km for ATP and Na+ increased from 0.59±0.08 mM and 9.56±1.18 mM at 8°C to 1.49±0.11 and 17.88±2.64 mM at 17°C. The Km values for ATP and Na did not vary from 17 to 37°C. A single activation energy could not be calculated for Na/K ATPase from winter fish. The observed differences in enzyme activities and affinities could be due to seasonal changes in membrane lipids, differences in the amount of enzyme, or changes in isozyme expression. 相似文献
4.
L.M Stonell M.H Cake G.W Power I.C Potter 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》1997,118(4):845-850
The Vmax of rat muscle mitochondrial CPT I toward the coenzyme A derivatives of 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, and 22:6n-3 were far lower than those recorded previously for this enzyme in rat liver at the same temperature (37°C). However, the Vmax of 7.0 nmol · min−1 · mg mitochondrial protein−1 for linoleoyl CoA (18:2n-6), which was the greatest recorded for the five acyl CoAs examined in muscle, was similar to that in liver. These comparisons presumably reflect a difference in the essential fatty acid requirements of these two rat tissues. Although the Vmax values for CPT I in the musculature of a lower vertebrate (larval lamprey) at 20°C were similar to those exhibited toward the coenzyme A derivatives of 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, and 22:6n-3 by the CPT I of rat musculature at 37°C, the corresponding Vmax toward 18:2n-6 (3.2 nmol · min−1 · mg mitochondrial protein−1) was lower. The latter relatively low activity may spare from oxidation this essential fatty acid, which is in low abundance in the diet of larval lampreys. Although the Vmax values toward the four nonessential fatty acids in larval lamprey muscle were similar to those in rat muscle, the corresponding K0.5 values were lower, thus indicating that the musculature of larval lampreys has a high capacity for energy generation through β-oxidation. 相似文献
5.
Lamellar single crystals of a high temperature polymorph of synthetic dextran were prepared at temperatures ranging from 120 to 200°C in a mixture of water and polyethylene glycol. Individual crystals with lath-like shapes gave well resolved electron diffraction diagrams from which the reciprocal unit cell parameters a*, b* and γ* could be measured. The direct cell parameters were then determined from a series of electron diffraction diagrams obtained by sequential tilting of the crystal about the b* axis. This gave a = 0·922 ± 0·001 nm, b = 0·922 ± 0·001 nm, c (chain axis) = 0·78 ± 0·01 nm, α = γ = 90° and β = 91·3° ± 0·5°. The crystal symmetry was P21 with b as the unique monoclinic axis. These data coupled with the observed density of the crystals, indicated that the unit cell contained two antiparallel dextran chains of two residues each. When the crystals were grown at temperatures between 90 and 120°C, a percentage of crystals containing both low and high temperature polymorphs were obtained. These mixed crystals had most likely grown in syntaxy. 相似文献
6.
Jeong-Hwan Kim Eun-Jung Shin Sung-Jong Jeon Yeon-Hee Kim Pil Kim Chung-Hwan Lee Soo-Wan Nam 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2009,14(5):551-558
Overexpression in Escherichia coli and functional characterization of the group II chaperonin from the hyperthermophilic archaeum Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 were investigated in this study. PhCpn, the chaperonin gene from the P. horikoshii OT3, was amplified by PCR from the P. horikoshii genomic DNA, subcloned into pET21a vector, and expressed in three E. coli host cells such as BL21, Rosetta, and Codonplus (DE3). Among these host cells, E. coli Rosetta showed the highest expression level of recombinant PhCpn at induction with 1 mM IPTG. The recombinant PhCpn was purified
to 91% by heat-shock treatment and anion-exchange chromatography. The ATPase activity of the purified PhCpn increased in a
PhCpn concentration-dependent manner. Also, PhCpn protected the inorganic phosphatase from thermal inactivation at 85 and
110°C, speculating that PhCpn is effective in in vitro holding of the protein. The holding efficiency was enhanced by the addition of Mg2+ ion. Through the coexpression of pro-carboxypeptidase B (pro-CPB) and PhCpn in E. coli Rosetta, pro-CPB was produced as a soluble and active form with a marked yield. This result indicated that PhCpn facilitated
the in vivo correct folding of pro-CPB and could be used as powerful and novel molecular machinery for the production of recombinant
proteins as soluble and active forms in E. coli. 相似文献
7.
An endonuclease from Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (Xoo) KACC10331, XorKII, was recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli by applying the stationary state induction method, which was necessary to prevent the unwanted lysis of E. coli cells. XorKII was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography on an FPLC system. The yield was 3.5 mg of XorKII per liter of LB medium. The purified recombinant XorKII showed that it recognized and cleaved to the same site as PstI. It behaved as a dimer as evidenced by the size exclusion chromatography. The specific activity of the purified XorKII was determined to be 31,300 U/mg. The enzyme activity was monitored by cleaving lambda DNA or YEp24 plasmid as substrates. The enzyme was the most active at 10 mM Tris–HCl pH 7.0, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM dithiothreitol at 37 °C. XorKII was easily inactivated by heating at 65 °C for 5 min, but retained most of the original activity after incubation at 37 °C for 24 h. 相似文献
8.
Acute hypoxia alters eicosanoid production of perfused pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture
Hypoxia alters vascular tone which regulates regional blood flow in the pulmonary circulation. Endothelial derived eicosanoids alter vascular tone and blood flow and have been implicated as modulators of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Eicosanoid production was measured in cultured bovine pulmonary endothelial cells during constant flow and pressure perfusion at two oxygen tensions (hypoxia: 4% O2, 5% CO2, 91% N2; normoxia: 21% O2, 5% CO2, 74% N2). Endothelial cells were grown to confluence on microcarrier beads. Cell cartridges (N=8) containing 2 ml of microcarrier beads ( 5 × 106 cells) were constantly perfused (3 ml/min) with Krebs' solutions (pH 7.4, T 37°C) equilibrated with each gas mixture. After a ten minute equilibration period, lipids were extracted (C18 Sep Pak®) from twenty minute aliquots of perfusate over three hours (nine aliquots per cartridge). Eicosanoids (6-keto PGF1α; TXB2; and total leukotriene [LT - LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, LTF4]) were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Eicosanoid production did not vary over time. 6-keto PGF1α production was increased during hypoxia (normoxia 291 ± 27 vs hypoxia 395 ± 35 ng/min/gm protein; p < 0.01). Thromboxane production (normoxia 19 ± 2 vs hypoxia 20 ± 2 ng/min/gm protein) and total leukotriene production (normoxia 363 ± 35 vs hypoxia 329 ± 29 ng/min/gm protein) did not change with hypoxia. These data demonstrated that oxygen increased endothelial prostacyclin production but did not effect thromboxane or leukotriene production. 相似文献
9.
The corrosive activity of the recently isolated SRB genera has not previously been reported in the literature. In this investigation, three genera of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Desulfobacter postgatei and Desulfobulbus propionicus were tested for their ability to induce accelerated corrosion of mild steel in laboratory growth media. Desulfovibrio vulgaris, well-recognised for its corrosive activity, caused a 78·2% increase in weight loss compared to the control, uninoculated medium (95% confidence limits +37·0% to +130·6%). Desulfobacter postgatei and Desulfobulbus propionicus had no significant effect on corrosion. For Desulfobacter postgatei the mean rate of corrosion was 10·6% more than the control (95% confidence limits −12·0% to +39·0%). For Desulfobulbus propionicus the mean corrosion rate was increased by 5·8% over control (95% confidence limits −9·8% to +24·2%). 相似文献
10.
Escherihica coliumC122::Tn5 cells were γ-radiated (137Cs, 750 Gy, under N2), and lac-constitutive mutants were produced at 36% of the wild-type level (the umC strain was not deficient in spontaneous mutagenesis, and the mutational spectrum determined by sequencing 263 spontaneous lacId mutations was very similar to that for the wild-type strain). The specific nature of the umC strain's partial radiation was determined by sequencing 325 radiation-induced lacId mutations. The yields of radiation-induced mutation classes in the umC strain (as a percentage of the wild-type yield) were: 80% for A · T → G · C transitions, 70% for multi-base additions, 60% for single-base deletions, 53% for A · T → C · G transversions, 36% for G · C → A · T transitions, 25% for multi-base deletions, 21% for A · T → T · A transversions, 11% for G · C → C · G transversions, 9% for G · C → T · A transversions and 0% for multiple mutations. Based on these deficiencies and other factors, it is concluded that the umC strain is near-normal for A · T → G · C transitions, single-base deletions and possibly A · T → C · G transversions; is generally deficient for mutagenesis at G · C sites fro transversions, and is grossly deficient in multiple mutations. Damage at G · C sites seems more difficult for translesion DNA synthesis to bypass than damage at A · T sites, and especially when trying to produced a transversion. The yield of G · C → A · T transitions in the umC strain *36% of the wild-type level) argues that a basic sites are involved in no more than 64% of γ-radiation-induced base substitutions in the wild-type strain. Altogether, these data suggest that the UmuC and UmuD′ proteins facilitate, rather than being absolutely required for, translesion DNA synthesis; with the degree of facilitation being dependent both on the nature of the noncoding DNA damage, i.e., at G · C vs A · T sites, and on the nature of the misincorporated base, i.e., whether it induces transversions or transitions. 相似文献
11.
Hong Lu Kenneth K. Chan 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1996,678(2):219
A sensitive and specific method for the quantitative analysis of N-2-chloroethylaziridine (CEA), a volatile cytotoxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide, has been developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and stable isotope dilution techniques. The high volatility problem of CEA during isolation procedure was overcome by the combined use of a deuterium-labeled analog as the internal standard and a Snyder column-concentrator assembly. The assay was found to be linear from 16.7 to 2667 ng/ml in rat plasma with a routine detection limit of 5 ng/ml. The within-run precision at 33, 333 and 1333 ng/ml (n=6) was found to be 4.8, 4.9, and 6.1%, respectively. The between-run precision was 6.4% (n=6). The dichloromethane extraction recoveries at 33, 333, and 1333 ng/ml were found to be 101, 98, and 91%, respectively (all at n=6). However, the overall recovery through extraction and evaporation was only 18.3, 15.2, and 27.7% at 33, 333, and 1333 ng/ml levels, respectively. The analytical method was used to evaluate the generation of CEA from its precursors in sodium phosphate buffer, in cell culture media, and the degradation of CEA in these media. In pH 7.4, 0.067 M sodium phosphate buffer at 37°C, both phosphoramide mustard (PM) and nornitrogen mustard (NNM) were degraded in an apparent first-order fashion with half-lives of 24.8 and 14.5 min, respectively. The generated CEA was rather stable in this buffer and degraded with a half-life of 20 h. It was found that 32% PM and 91% NNM were converted to CEA in pH 7.4, 0.067 M sodium phosphate buffer at 37°C, respectively, and 41% PM was transformed into CEA in RPMI 1640 tissue culture media containing 10% FBS at 37°C. The generated CEA was very stabble in the culture media with a degradation half-life of 265 h. 相似文献
12.
When dried organisms are immersed in water, rapid imbibition may cause severe damage to plasma membranes; in unicellular organisms, such damage is usually lethal. This study investigated effects of water activity (dryness) of organisms and immersion temperature on imbibitional damage in three insect pathogenic fungi. Conidial powders of Beauveria bassiana (Bb), Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) and Metarhizium acridum (Mac) were dried/hydrated to a broad range of water activities (aw) (0.023–0.961) prior to immersion in water at 0.5–33 °C. Imbibitional damage in conidia of each fungus occurred rapidly, with no differences in viabilities observed following immersion for 2 vs. 60 min. Damage increased with decreasing water activity of the conidia and decreasing temperature of the immersion water. Dry (aw 0.333) Metarhizium spp. conidia were highly susceptible to imbibitional damage, with viability declining to 5% after immersion at 0.5 °C and 63% following immersion at 15 °C. Germination of the driest Ma conidia was reduced to 66% after treatment at 25 °C. In contrast, Bb was highly tolerant to damage, with significant reductions in viability (to levels as low as 43–65%) occurring only when dry conidia were immersed at 0.5 °C. Damage was prevented when conidia were slowly rehydrated by humidification prior to immersion and immersion temperature was increased to 33–34 °C; germination of all fungi was 94% under these optimal conditions. However, immersion of the driest Bb, Ma, and Mac powders in warm water (33 °C) also resulted in high viabilities (95%, 89%, and 94%, respectively), and slow-rehydrated conidia also retained high viability (87%, 92%, and 83%, respectively) after immersion in ice-cold water (0.5 °C). Formulation of conidia in pure (non-emulsifiable) paraffinic oil provided considerable protection from imbibitional damage. This study underscores a need for establishing standard protocols for preparing aqueous suspensions of sensitive fungi for both research and commercial applications. 相似文献
13.
Bulatnikov IG Polyakova OV Asryants RA Nagradova NK Muronetz VI 《Journal of Protein Chemistry》1999,18(1):79-87
The binding of denatured B. stearothermophilus D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to the E. coli chaperonin GroEL was investigated in two systems: (1) GroEL immobilized on Sepharose via a single subunit was titrated with urea-denatured soluble GAPDH and (2) a Sepharose-bound denatured GAPDH monomer was titrated with soluble GroEL. Similar apparent K
D values for the complex GroEL·GAPDH were obtained in both cases (0.04 and 0.03 M, respectively), the stoichiometry being 1.0 mol chaperonin per GAPDH subunit in the system with the immobilized GroEL and 0.2 mol chaperonin per Sepharose-bound GAPDH monomer. Addition of GroEL and Mg·ATP to a reactivation mixture increased the yield of reactivation of both E. coli and B. stearothermophilus GAPDHs. Incubation of the Sepharose-bound catalytically active tetrameric and dimeric GAPDH forms with the protein fraction of a wild-type E. coli cell extract resulted in the binding of GroEL to the dimer and no interaction with the tetrameric form. These data suggest that GroEL may be capable of interacting with the interdimeric contact regions of the folded GAPDH dimers. 相似文献
14.
N. Vaysse J. Laval C. Senarens J.P. Esteve A. Ribet 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research》1982,720(4)
Dispersed acini from dog pancreas were used to examine the ability of dopamine to increase cyclic AMP cellular content and the binding of [3H]dopamine. Cyclic AMP accumulation caused by dopamine was detected at 1·10−8 M and was half-maximal at 7.9±3.4·10−7M. The increase at 1·10−5 M, (7.5-fold) was equal to the half-maximal increase caused by secretin at 1·10−9 M. Haloperidol, a dopaminergic receptor antagonist inhibited cyclic AMP accumulation caused by dopamine. The IC50 value for haloperidol, calculated from the inhibition of cyclic AMP increase caused by 1·10−5 M dopamine was 2.3±0.9·10−6M. Haloperidol did not alter basal or secretin-stimulated cyclic AMP content. [3H]Dopamine binding was studied on the same batch of cells as cyclic AMP accumulation. At 37°C, it was rapid, reversible, saturable and stereospecific. The Kd value for high affinity binding sites was 0.43±0.1·10−7M and 4.7±1.6·10−7M for low affinity binding sites. The concentration of drugs necessary to inhibit specific binding of dopamine by 50% was 1.2±0.4·10/t-7M noradrenaline, 2·10/t-7 M epinine, 4.1±1.8·10/t-6M fluphenazine, 8.0±1.6·10/t-6M haloperidol, 4.2±1.2·10−6Mcis-flupenthixol, 2.7±0.4·10−5Mtrans-flupenthixol, >1·10−5M apomorphine, sulpiride, naloxone and isoproterenol. 相似文献
15.
By use of PCR, the genes encoding d-carbamoylase from A. radiobacter TH572 were cloned in plasmid pET30a and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to overexpress d-carbamoylase. However, almost all of the protein remained trapped in inclusion bodies. To improve the expression of the properly folded active enzyme, a constitutive plasmid of pGEMT-DCB was constructed using the native hydantoinase promoter (PHase) whose optimal length was confirmed to 209 bp. Furthermore, the RBS region in the downstream of PHase was optimized to increase the expression level, so the plasmid pGEMT-R-DCB was constructed and transformed into E. coli strain Top10F′. The enzyme activity of Top10F′/pGEMT-R-DCB grown at 37 °C was found to be 0.603 U/mg (dry cell weight, DCW) and increase 58-fold over cells of BL21 (DE3) harboring the plasmid pET-DCB grown at 28 °C. 相似文献
16.
Ekanayake PM Kang HS De Zyosa M Jee Y Lee YH Lee J 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》2006,145(3-4):318-324
The mitochondrial enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (mitMn-SOD) is one of the antioxidant enzymes involved in cellular defense against oxidative stress and catalyzes the conversion of O2− into the stabler H2O2. In this study, a putative gene encoding Mn-SOD from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus, aMn-SOD) was cloned, sequenced, expressed in Escherichia coli K12(TB1) and the protein was purified using pMAL protein purification system. Sequencing resulted ORF of 681 bp, which corresponded to 226 amino acids. The protein was expressed in soluble form with molecular weight of 68 kDa including maltose binding protein and pI value of 6.5. The fusion protein had 2781 U/mg activity. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was 37 °C and it was active in a range of acidic pH (from 3.5 to 6.5). The enzyme activity was reduced to 50% at 50 °C and completely heat inactivated at 80 °C. The alignment of aMn-SOD amino acid sequence with Mn-SODs available in NCBI revealed that the enzyme is conserved among animals with higher than 30% identity. In comparison with human mitMn-SOD, all manganese-binding sites are also conserved in aMn-SOD (H28, H100, D185 and H189). aMn-SOD amino acid sequence was closer to that of Biomphalaria glabrata in phylogenetic analysis. 相似文献
17.
The relationship between progesterone (P4) synthesis
by luteal tissue and prostaglandin F (PGF) synthesis
by endometrium and luteal tissue from two stages of the cycle, Days 7 to 8 and 15 to 16, was determined. Luteal and endometrial tissues were collected from pigs in three experimental groups at two stages of the cycle: (A) 6 pigs on Days 7 to 8 with spontaneous, 5 to 6 day old corpora lutea (CL); (B) 5 pigs on Days 15 to 16 with spontaneous, 13 to 14 day old CL; and (C) 6 pigs on Days 15 to 16 with spontaneous, 13 to 14 day old CL and 5 to 6 day old CL induced by pregnant mares serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) injections. Pigs with spontaneous, 13 to 14 day old CL of the cycle and PMSG-HCG induced accessory, 5 to 6 day old CL were used so that P4 and PGF synthesis in tissue from old and new CL could be compared in the same pig on Day 15 to 16 of the cycle. Tissues (100 mg minces) were incubated in 5 ml of Krebs Ringer solution in an atmosphere of 95% 02:5% CO2 for 2 hours at 0° C, 37° C, or 37° C with 1.3 x 10−4M indomethacin (IND). An aliquot of the incubation medium and an aliquot of the supernatant after homogenization of the tissue in the remaining medium of each flask was quantified for P4 and PGF by radioimmunoassay. P4 and PGF release into the medium and total accumulation of P4 and PGF in the flasks indicated that
synthesis had occured at 37° C. Compared to tissue from 13 to 14 day old CL, tissue from 5 to 6 day old CL synthesized more P4 per flask (53.9
25.0 ng/mg tissue, P<.001) and released more P4 into the medium (20.8
8.8 ng/mg, P<.001). P4 synthesis by luteal tissue from 5 to 6 day old and 13 to 14 day old CL from pigs in group C was similar to P4 synthesis by luteal tissue from pigs in group A and group B, respectively. Luteul PGF synthesis was not affected significantly by either the age of the CL or by PMSG-HCG treatment. For endometrial samples, the synthesis of PGF was not significantly different among pigs in groups A, B and C. If uterine PGF is involved in luteal regression in the pig, the sensitivity of the CL to PGF may be more important than an increase in PGF secretion during the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle. 相似文献
18.
- 1. The fat mouse Steatomys pratensis natalensis (mean body mass 37.4±0.43 (se)) has a low euthermic body temperature Tb=30.1–33.8 °C and a low basal metabolic rate (BMR)=0.50 ml O2 g−1 h−1.
- 2. Below an ambient temperature (Ta)=15 °C, the mice were hypothermic.
- 3. The lowest survivable Ta=10 °C.
- 4. Torpor is efficient in conserving energy between Ta=15–30 °C, below Ta=15 °C, the mice arouse.
- 5. Euthermic and torpid mice were hyperthermic at Ta=35 °C.
- 6. Thermal conductance was 0.159 ml O2 g−1 h−1 °C−1, 98.8% of the expected value.
- 7. Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) was 2.196 ml O2 g−1 h−1 (3.69×BMR).
- 8. Maximal oxygen consumption, however, was 3.83 ml O2 g−1 h−1 (6.44×BMR), indicating that other methods of heat production are additive.
- 9. Because fat mice conserve energy by torpor only between Ta=15–30 °C, we suggest that torpor may be a more important mechanism for surviving food shortages than for surviving cold weather.
Keywords: Steatomys pratensis natalensis; Metabolism; Torpor; Fat mouse 相似文献
19.
J. Bang H. Kim H. Kim L.R. Beuchat Y. Kim J.‐H. Ryu 《Letters in applied microbiology》2011,53(4):424-429
Aims: To assess the effectiveness of sequential treatments of radish seeds with aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and dry heat in reducing the number of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Methods and Results: Radish seeds containing E. coli O157:H7 at 5·5 log CFU g?1 were treated with 500 μg ml?1 ClO2 for 5 min and subsequently heated at 60°C and 23% relative humidity for up to 48 h. Escherichia coli O157:H7 decreased by more than 4·8 log CFU g?1 after 12 h dry‐heat treatment. The pathogen was inactivated after 48 h dry‐heat treatment, but the germination rate of treated seeds was substantially reduced from 91·2 ± 5·0% to 68·7 ± 12·3%. Conclusions: Escherichia coli O157:H7 on radish seeds can be effectively reduced by sequential treatments with ClO2 and dry heat. To eliminate E. coli O157:H7 on radish seeds without decreasing the germination rate, partial drying of seeds at ambient temperature before dry‐heat treatment should be investigated, and conditions for drying and dry‐heat treatment should be optimized. Significance and Impact of the study: This study showed that sequential treatment with ClO2 and dry‐heat was effective in inactivating large numbers of E. coli O157:H7 on radish seeds. These findings will be useful when developing sanitizing strategies for seeds without compromising germination rates. 相似文献
20.
Jan Ahlers 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》1981,649(3):550-556
The reaction of plasma membrane ATPase from yeast with Mg2+ and Mg · ATP was studied in a temperature range of 10 – 30°C. The random mechanism of activation by Mg2+ and the pseudocompetitive inhibition at higher concentrations was not altered when the temperature was varied, nor were the kinetic constants representing substrate binding. However, at low temperature, the affinity of the enzyme for Mg2+ is greatly reduced. The Arrhenius plot of log V vs. 1/T shows straight lines with an inflection point at 24°C, which disappears in the presence of detergent. Calorimetric studies of the plasma membranes show a transition point at the same temperature. From these findings we suppose that Mg2+ is bound at a regulatory site of the ATPase, which is influenced by the surrounding phospholipids. 相似文献