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“胞内信使系统”是当前生物科学中的研究热点之一。越来越多的证据表明,植物细胞中可能存在肌醇脂质信使系统,蛋白激酶 C(protein kinase C,PKC)是其关键成员之一,与依赖于环核苷酸(cAMP、cGMP)或者 Ca~(2+)-CaM 的蛋白激酶不同的是,PKC 是一种新发现的蛋白激酶,它依赖于 Ca~(2+)和磷脂。PKG 在细胞效应中所起的作用正受到重视,近年来, 相似文献
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PKB/Akt是胞内信号转导通路网络的中心分子。活化的PKB参与多种生物学效应的调控过程,调控PKB活性作用机制的研究一直是信号转导通路领域的难点。新近的研究结果确定了若干新的调控PKB活性的激酶,从多方面解释了PKB活化和作用的分子机制。其中mTORC2、ATM和DNA—PK均通过磷酸化PKB的Ser^473位点以依赖于P13K的方式全面活化PKB;此外,其它以不依赖P13K的方式调控PKB活性的激酶包括,RET/PTC通过磷酸化PKB的Tyr^315位点、JNK通过磷酸化PKB的Thr^450。位点以及CK2通过磷酸化PKB的ser^129位点活化PKB,Brk通过磷酸化PKB的Tyr^474位点以及GRK2均可通过磷酸化PKB抑制其活性。 相似文献
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蛋白激酶CK2是一种真核细胞中普通存在的非信使依赖性丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,在细胞增殖和分化、信号的传导和加工、细胞凋亡等方面起重要作用。体外突变技术是在DNA重组及测序等技术的基础上发展起来的一项技术,它在进一步研究CK2的结构与功能的关系方面有着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
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蛋白激酶CK2是一种真核细胞中普遍存在的信使非依赖性丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,可催化细胞内多种蛋白质的磷酸化,由2个催化亚基CK2α或α′以及2个调节亚基CK2β组成的异源四聚体结构。为深入了解CK2的结构与功能,通过运用同源重组敲除、条件性敲除及RNAi引起的基因敲减技术分别对其3个亚基进行敲除与抑制,发现在CK2亚基敲除与抑制后,可对个体生殖、胚胎发育、肿瘤、代谢以及衰老造成重要的影响,说明CK2各亚基具有重要的生物学功能。本文就敲除与敲减蛋白激酶CK2任一亚基后其功能变化的进展作一综述。 相似文献
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蛋白激酶CK2是一种真核细胞中普遍存在的信使非依赖性丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,可催化细胞内多种蛋白质的磷酸化,由2个催化亚基CK2α或α'以及2个调节亚基CK2β组成的异源四聚体结构。为深入了解CK2的结构与功能,通过运用同源重组敲除、条件性敲除及RNAi引起的基因敲减技术分别对其3个亚基进行敲除与抑制,发现在CK2亚基敲除与抑制后,可对个体生殖、胚胎发育、肿瘤、代谢以及衰老造成重要的影响,说明CK2各亚基具有重要的生物学功能。本文就敲除与敲减蛋白激酶CK2任一亚基后其功能变化的进展作一综述。 相似文献
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蛋白激酶CK2(酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ)是真核细胞中普遍存在的一种信使非依赖的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,它底物众多,功能广泛。DNA断裂修复是一个涉及很多种酶和蛋白的过程,CK2在其中起着很重要的作用。 相似文献
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Lucio Cocco Matilde Y. Follo Lucia Manzoli Pann-Ghill Suh 《Journal of lipid research》2015,56(10):1853-1860
Phospholipases are widely occurring and can be found in several different organisms, including bacteria, yeast, plants, animals, and viruses. Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of phospholipases that cleaves phospholipids on the diacylglycerol (DAG) side of the phosphodiester bond producing DAGs and phosphomonoesters. Among PLCs, phosphoinositide-specific PLC (PI-PLC) constitutes an important step in the inositide signaling pathways. The structures of PI-PLC isozymes show conserved domains as well as regulatory specific domains. This is important, as most PI-PLCs share a common mechanism, but each of them has a peculiar role and can have a specific cell distribution that is linked to a specific function. More importantly, the regulation of PLC isozymes is fundamental in health and disease, as there are several PLC-dependent molecular mechanisms that are associated with the activation or inhibition of important physiopathological processes. Moreover, PI-PLC alternative splicing variants can play important roles in complex signaling networks, not only in cancer but also in other diseases. That is why PI-PLC isozymes are now considered as important molecules that are essential for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both physiology and pathogenesis, and are also potential molecular targets useful for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. 相似文献
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植物类受体蛋白激酶(receptor-like protein kinase,RLKs)通过胞外结构域识别病原信号分子,发生磷酸化、去磷酸化反应而开启或关闭下游靶蛋白,调节植物固有免疫反应,诱导抗病防御反应.目前对植物类受体蛋白激酶的功能、信号传导和配体识别等方面的研究已成为该领域的重点.本文对近年来国内外有关植物类受体蛋白激酶的结构、功能及其在植物抗病防御反应中的作用研究进行综述,为今后进一步深入研究植物类受体蛋白激酶的生理生化功能及应用提供参考. 相似文献
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The growth inhibitory effects of exogenously added retinoic acid (RA) on various cultured human glioma cells was observed to be heterogenous, with an ID50 ranging from 10(-7) M to no response. The protein tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-receptor) appeared to parallel the cell's growth responsiveness to RA. Cells sensitive to RA-induced growth inhibition exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in EGF-receptor activity, whereas RA-resistant cells showed no alterations in EGF-receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity or expression. The modulation of EGF-receptor by RA was further examined with RA-sensitive (LG) and -resistant (NG-1) cell lines. Both cell lines were approximately equal in their ability to bind and internalize epidermal growth factor in the presence or absence of RA. Several independent assays suggested that the inhibition of EGF-receptor activity was independent of protein kinase C modulation as mediated by phorbol myristate acetate. However, alterations in associated glycoconjugates of EGF-receptor were observed among the sensitive cells but not the resistant cells. These results suggest RA-induced growth inhibition in sensitive cells may arise, at least in part, through alterations in EGF-receptor and structure. 相似文献
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类受体蛋白激酶(receptor-like protein kinase,RLK)是植物信号转导网络中的重要成员,参与介导生长、发育以及逆境胁迫应答等多种细胞代谢过程.在植物细胞中已发现和克隆了富含亮氨酸重复区型(LRR)、凝集素型(lectin-like)和细胞壁相联型(WAK)等不同的RLK亚家族.这些RLK能够感受多种发育和外界环境胁迫信号, 并在植物对非生物胁迫的响应过程中发挥重要的调控作用.本文结合当今国内外研究进展,简述植物RLK的典型结构域特征,详细介绍多种RLK在植物逆境信号识别与转导中发挥的作用,同时对RLK在非生物胁迫应答中的具体作用机制进行了探讨. 相似文献
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Heterotrimeric G proteins and protein kinase A (PKA) are regulators of development in Dictyostelium discoideum. It has been reported that disruption of the Dictyostelium Galpha3 gene (galpha3-) blocks development and expression of several early development genes, characteristics that are reminiscent of mutants lacking the catalytic subunit of PKA (pkac-). The hypothesis that Galpha3 and PKA signaling pathways may interact to control developmental gene expression was tested by comparing the regulation of seven genes expressed early in development in the wild-type and in galpha3- and pkac- mutants, and comparing PKA activity in the wild-type and in a galpha3- mutant. The expression patterns of six genes were affected similarly by the Galpha3 and PKA mutations, while the expression of only one gene, the cAMP receptor 1 (cAR1), differed between the mutants. PKA activity, measured by phosphorylation of the PKA-specific substrate Kemptide, was higher in galpha3- cells than in wild-type cells, suggesting that Galpha3 normally exerts an inhibitory effect on PKA activity. Although some early development genes appear to require both Galpha3 and PKA for expression, the differing response of cAR1 expression and the inhibitory effect of Galpha3 on PKA activity suggest that Galpha3 and PKA are members of interacting pathways controlling gene expression early in development. 相似文献
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长期受自然界的非生物/生物侵害,植物逐步形成了复杂的防御机制,为防御植食性昆虫的为害,植物释放虫害诱导产生的挥发性化合物(herbivore-induced plant volatiles,HIPVs)。HIPVs是植物-植食性昆虫-天敌三级营养关系之间协同进化的结果。HIPVs的化学组分因植物、植食性昆虫种类的不同而有差异。生态系统中,HIPVs可在植物与节肢动物、植物与微生物、虫害植物与邻近的健康植物、或同一植株的受害和未受害部位间起作用,介导防御性反应。HIPVs作为寄主定位信号,在吸引捕食性、寄生性天敌过程中起着重要作用。HIPVs还可以作为植物间信息交流的工具,启动植株的防御反应而增强抗虫性。不论从生态学还是经济学角度来看,HIPVs对于农林生态系中害虫综合治理策略的完善具有重要意义。前期的研究在虫害诱导植物防御的化学生态学方面奠定了良好基础,目前更多的研究转向阐述虫害诱导植物抗性的分子机制。为了深入了解HIPVs的代谢调控机制,主要从以下几个方面进行了综述。因为植食性昆虫取食造成的植物损伤是与昆虫口腔分泌物共同作用的结果,所以首先阐述口腔分泌物在防御反应中的作用。挥发物诱导素volicitin和β-葡萄糖苷酶作为口腔分泌物的组分,是产生HIPVs的激发子,通过调节伤信号诱发HIPVs的释放。接着阐述了信号转导途径对HIPVs释放的调节作用,并讨论了不同信号途径之间的交互作用。就HIPVs的代谢过程而言,其过程受信号转导途径(包括茉莉酸、水杨酸、乙烯、过氧化氢信号途径)的调控,其中茉莉酸信号途径是诱发HIPVs释放的重要途径。基于前人的研究,综述了HIPVs的主要代谢过程及其过程中关键酶类的调控作用。文中的HIPVs主要包括萜烯类化合物、绿叶挥发物和莽草酸途径产生的芳香族化合物,如水杨酸甲酯和吲哚等。作为化学信号分子,这些化合物中的一部分还能激活邻近植物防御基因的表达。萜烯合酶是各种萜烯类化合物合成的关键酶类,脂氧合酶、过氧化氢裂解酶也是绿叶挥发物代谢途径中的研究热点,而苯丙氨酸裂解酶和水杨酸羧基甲基转移酶分别是合成水杨酸及其衍生物水杨酸甲酯的关键酶类。这些酶类的基因在转录水平上调控着HIPVs代谢途径。最后展望了HIPVs的研究前景。 相似文献