凤尾菇化学成分和药理活性研究进展

对凤尾菇的化学成分及药理活性的研究进展进行了综述。研究表明凤尾菇含有多糖类、氨基酸、蛋白质、三萜类、甾体类、脂肪酸类等多种化学成分,并具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗菌抗炎、抗凝血等广泛的药理活性。目前对凤尾菇的化学成分研究较弱,主要集中在凤尾菇多糖药理活性方面,并取得了一定的进展。     

非洲加纳籽生物学特性及其化学成分(综述)

现代植物化学研究发现,非洲加纳籽的主要化学成分为5-羟基色氨酸;现代药理研究表明,该植物具有抗抑郁、抑制肥胖和抗氧化等各种药理活性。本文系统介绍非洲加纳籽的生物学特性及化学成分与药理药效的国内外研究进展,为其引种驯化与深度开发提供理论依据。     

石豆兰属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

石豆兰属植物由于近年来同科石斛属植物的过度采挖,而作为名贵中药石斛类药材使用。为了解其化学成分及能否替代石斛,对石豆兰属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究进展进行了综述。研究表明,从石豆兰属植物一共分得化合物60多个,包括菲类、联苄、苯丙素、黄酮、甾体和挥发性成分等结构类型。药理实验表明．广东石豆兰具有抗肿瘤作用。开展国产石豆兰属植物的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护有重要意义。     

升麻化学成分及现代药理作用研究进展

升麻为毛茛科升麻属植物，在我国分布广泛、品种繁多，其药用历史已有两千余年。升麻化学成分复杂，其特征活性成分为Cycloartane型三萜。现代药理研究表明，升麻具有缓解围绝经期综合征、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒等作用，不同品种的升麻药材存在品质差异。对升麻化学成分、药理活性及药材品质进行文献归纳，分析升麻开发研究中存在的问题，旨在为升麻资源的深度开发提供参考。     

芹菜化学成分及药理活性研究进展

介绍了芹菜的化学成分及药理活性研究概况。芹菜主要含有挥发油、脂肪酸和黄酮类等化学成分,具有抗菌杀虫、抗氧化、抗肿瘤及抗心血管疾病等药理活性。作为药食两用且广泛种植的植物,对其进行进一步的研究和开发具有重要的意义。     

红缘拟层孔菌化学成分与药理活性研究概述

对红缘拟层孔菌的化学成分、药理活性、菌丝发酵和木质素降解作用等方面的研究进行了综述。化学成分研究表明,红缘拟层孔菌含有多种三萜类、多糖类、脑苷脂类、挥发性等成分;药理活性研究表明,红缘拟层孔菌具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗炎镇痛、抑菌、保肝等药理作用;菌丝发酵研究表明,红缘拟层孔菌菌丝发酵的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为酵母膏和麦芽汁。此外,红缘拟层孔菌对纤维素有降解作用。     

竹节参的化学成分与药理活性研究进展

竹节参属于五加科人参属植物,以横卧呈竹鞭状根茎入药.竹节参化学成分主要为三萜皂苷类,其中齐墩果烷型皂苷含量最高.除此之外还有多糖类、氨基酸、无机元素和多炔类等,药理活性研究表明竹节参具有保肝、保护心脏、降血脂、抗疲劳、增强免疫和抗肿瘤等作用.对竹节参的化学成分和药理活性进行了综述和总结,以期为竹节参的深入研究和开发利用...     

鸢尾属及射干种子的化学成分研究进展

对鸢尾属植物及近缘植物射干种子中化学成分的研究情况,以及相关的一些药理研究进行了综述,这些植物的种子所含化学成分以醌类、酚类等为主,其中一些具有显著药理活性,为其开发利用提供参考。     

油茶植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

油茶Camellia oleifera为我国特有的油料植物,具有较高的食用和药用价值。油茶中主要包括三萜及其皂苷类、黄酮类、木脂素类、多酚类、多糖类化合物等成分;药理研究表明,油茶具有抗菌消炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血脂、降血糖等功效。本文对近年来油茶化学成分及药理活性研究进行梳理、归纳,以期为油茶进一步研究、开发提供参考。     

毛兰属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

毛兰属植物由于近年来同属于兰科的石斛属植物的过度采挖,而取代名贵中药石斛类作为药材应用。为了了解其化学成分及能否替代石斛应用,本文对毛兰属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究进展进行了综述。目前毛兰属植物研究所涉及的种类仅5种,从该属植物中分离出化学成分13种,包括菲类、9,10-二氢菲类及二聚体、联苄、甾体和脂肪族化合物等结构类型。药理研究表明,一些成分如毛兰素和毛兰菲在抗肿瘤和抗氧化等方面显示了较好的活性。开展毛兰属植物的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护有重要意义。     

半枝莲中印黄芩甙的R－HPLC分析

半枝莲中印黄芩甙的Ｒ－ＨＰＬＣ分析代雪平魏波（河南省药检所,郑州４５０００３）（河南省人民医院药剂科,郑州４５０００３）Ｒ┐ＨＰＬＣａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓｃｕｔｅｌａｒｉｎｆｒｏｍＳｃｕｔｅｌａｒｉａｂａｒｂａｔａＤ．ＤｏｎＤａｉＸｕｅ－Ｐｉｎｇ（Ｈ...     

Anticancer activity and mechanism of Scutellaria barbata extract on human lung cancer cell line A549

Scutellaria barbata (S. barbata), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine native to southern China, is widely used as an anti-inflammatory and a diuretic in China. Several studies have indicated that extracts of S. barbata have growth inhibitory effects on a number of human cancers. Treatment of lung cancer, digestive system cancers, hepatoma, breast cancer, and chorioepithelioma by S. barbata extracts was reported. However, the mechanism underlying the antitumor activity was unclear. In this study, we studied the growth inhibitory effect of S. barbata and determined its mechanism of antitumor activity using human lung cancer cell line A549. Our results showed that ethanol extracts of S. barbata greatly inhibited A549 cell growth, with IC50 of 0.21 mg/ml. The major mechanisms of inhibition included cell apoptosis and cytotoxic effects. cDNA microarray analysis showed that 16 genes, involved in DNA damage, cell cycle control, nucleic acid binding and protein phosphorylation, underwent more than 5-fold change. These data indicated that these processes are involved in S. barbata-mediated killing of cancer cells. A surprising finding is that CD209, related to dendritic cell (DC) function, was dramatically downregulated by 102-fold. Further functional studies are needed to assess the role of the array-identified genes in S. barbata mediated anticancer activity.     

Two new species and combinations of Stipa L. (Graminae) from northwest Africa

Two new species of Stipa L. S. meridionalis and S. magrebensis, are described from northern Africa, and two new combinations have been made: V. barbata subsp. breripila and S. gigantea subsp. maroccana.     

半枝莲中二萜内酯和黄酮化合物的分离和鉴定

半枝莲（Scutellaria barbata D.Don）为唇形科黄芩属植物,全草入药,具有清热解毒,化瘀利尿,消肿止痛和抗癌等功效。国内学者报道从全草中分得红花素（carthamidin）、异红花素（isocarthamidin）、印黄芩甙（scutellarein）、β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol）、硬脂酸（stearic acid）和生物碱。台湾学者从中分离得汉黄芩素（wogonin）、5-羟基-7,8-二甲氧基黄酮（5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone）、半枝莲素（Rivularin）。我们从全草的乙醇提取液中分得两个化合物,经鉴定为汉黄芩素、新穿心莲内酯,该内酯在本植物中属首次发现。     

Independent replication of the ribosomal RNA genes in the polytrophic-meroistic ovaries of Calliphora erythrocephala,Drosophila hydei,and Sarcophaga barbata

By filter saturation hybridizations the ribosomal (r)DNA contents of the ovaries Calliphora erythrocephala, Drosophila hydei, and Sarcophaga barbata have been measured in comparison to the rDNA percentages of their diploid brains. The measurements of the ovarian rDNA have been carried out on ovaries where the nurse cells in the distal egg chamber of the ovarioles had reached their highest ploidy level. The diploid rDNA content of each of the respective species was chosen as a 100% standard and the rDNA amounts of the ovaries were related to this 100% level. The results show that the ovaries of C. erythrocephala contain 135% rDNA whereas the rDNA contents in the ovaries of D. hydei and S. barbata are only 51% and 47%, respectively. Measurements carried out on isolated nuclei of the nurse cells and follicle cells in D. hydei show that both have a reduced rDNA content in comparison to the brains (45% and 70%, respectively). The data are discussed in relation to the problem of an rDNA amplification in the germ cells and an rDNA underreplication in polyploid nuclei.     

半枝莲的化学成分和药理作用

本文综述了半枝莲中含黄酮、二萜、生物碱等化学成分及其抗肿瘤、抗病毒等作用的研究进展,为进一步开发利用半枝莲提供参考.     

Use of DNA barcode sensu lato to identify traditional Tibetan medicinal plant Gentianopsis paludosa (Gentianaceae)

Gentianopsis paludosa (Hook. f.) Ma (Gentianaceae) is an important species in Tibetan folk medicine commonly used to clear away the "heat evils" and toxic materials. A survey of market samples revealed that nine adulterant species, Gentianopsis barbata, G. contorta, G. grandis, Halenia elliptica, Lomatogonium macranthum, L.rotatum, Swertia angustifolia, S. bifolia and S. erythrosticta, are often marketed as G. paludosa. Methods to distinguish G. paludosa from its adulterants are limited by current morphological and chemical methods. DNA sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was used in the differentiation of G.paludosa from the adulterant species. The data showed that the internal transcribed spacer regions differ significantly between G. paludosa and all nine adulterant species, so that they could be easily distinguished at the DNA level.     

云南省兰科植物新记录

云南省是中国乃至世界兰科(Orchidaceae)植物最为丰富的地区之一,近年来随着调查研究工作的深入,发现了不少新属、新种、新记录属以及新记录种[1-10]。笔者近年来对云南南部和东南部植物区系进行调查,并通过标本鉴定和相关资料查阅,发现了4个云南新记录属和9个云南新记录种。其中,