香果树体细胞胚胎发生

香果树叶子在附加1.0mg·L-12,4-D 0.5 mg·L-1KT 3%蔗糖的MS固体培养基上培养,可诱导出愈伤组织.愈伤组织在附加0.7 mg.L-1KT 0.3 mg·L-16-BA 3%蔗糖的MS液体培养基中避光悬浮培养时,可形成体细胞胚胎.体细胞胚胎可在不含植物生长调节剂的MS固体培养基上形成正常植株.     

玉米胚性愈伤组织的长期继代及其染色体分析

对５种基因型幼胚诱导的愈伤组织继代培养表明,玉米胚性愈伤组织的长期继代受基因型,培养基成分,激素,培养条件的影响。适时继代,逐代筛选对胚性保持起重要作用。适当降低培养温度（１２±２℃）有利于愈伤组织的保存和胚性保持,可以减少愈伤组织长期继代所需的物质和工作量。长期继代培养的胚性愈伤组织,胚状体发生能力和植株再生率无显著变化,但正常苗的再生频率显著下降。观察愈伤组织细胞染色体发现：（１）基因型对不同倍性细胞的比例有明显影响。（２）随着继代时间的延长,二倍体细胞下降,四倍体和非二倍体细胞增多。（３）愈伤组织中出现多种染色体结构变异,这些结构变异有可能导致非整倍体细胞的形成。     

文冠果的体细胞胚胎发生

文冠果种子在MS 6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA 1.0 mg·L-1 3%蔗糖的固体培养基上暗培养,形成愈伤组织,愈伤组织在B5 6-BA0.5mg·L-1 NAA0.5mg·L-1 2%蔗糖的培养基中弱光悬浮培养形成体细胞胚.在蔗糖为1%时,子叶状胚萌发形成完整小植株.细胞学观察表明,文冠果体细胞胚源于胚性愈伤组织的外层细胞,此区域细胞富含淀粉粒.     

枣的花药离体培养和染色体倍性变异（简报）

附加不同浓度2,4-D、NAA、IBA和6-BA的MS培养基,离体培养二倍体金丝小枣（2n＝24）花药的结果表明,低温处理和生长调节剂可提高诱导率43．1％～49．6％。6-BA是分化小植株的决定因素,浓度1．0～2．0mg·L(-1),分化率为30．2％～44．7％。同一愈伤组织再生小植株染色体镜检为n、2n、3n、4n4类,倍性变异较大。     

盐肤木体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生

以盐肤木(Rhus chinensis Mill.)幼胚为外植体,研究不同植物生长调节剂组合对其愈伤组织诱导及体细胞胚胎发生的影响,以建立盐肤木体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生体系。结果表明,最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,诱导率为84.57%,诱导出的初代愈伤组织白色或淡黄色,质地疏松,表面光滑,为非胚性愈伤。初代愈伤组织转移到1/2 MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基上培养1个月后,长出淡黄色质地紧密的胚性愈伤组织,诱导率高达100%,在此培养基上胚性愈伤组织增殖倍数为854.73%。所获得的胚性愈伤组织转接到1/2 MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖4%的培养基上培养1个月后可诱导体细胞胚胎发生,诱导率可达32.67%。诱导得到的体细胞胚胎经历球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚、子叶胚进一步分化发育成苗。无菌苗炼苗后栽种到泥炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为2∶1∶1的生长基质上,能100%稳定成活。经过细胞学观察分析,体细胞胚的发育与合子胚相似。     

白刺花胚性愈伤组织诱导及体细胞胚发生和萌发

探讨不同因素对白刺花下胚轴、子叶2种外植体胚性愈伤组织诱导及体细胞胚发生和萌发的影响。以B5和MS为基本培养基,研究2,4-D、6-BA和TDZ对白刺花下胚轴和子叶胚性愈伤组织的诱导;在MS培养基上添加不同浓度2,4-D,研究胚性愈伤组织增殖情况;采用ABA,探究对体细胞胚发生的影响。结果表明:下胚轴比子叶更易诱导胚性愈伤组织,筛选出2种外植最佳的胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基均为MS+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L TDZ+0.5 mg/L 6-BA,胚性愈伤组织诱导率分别为77.3%和41.0%。15.0 mg/L ABA、0.2 mg/L 2,4-D和2.0 mg/L 6-BA有利于体细胞胚发生,1/3MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+2.0 g/L活性炭+25 g/L蔗糖+7 g/L琼脂的培养基可使体细胞胚萌发率达80%以上,再生植株移栽成活率高达90%。白刺花外植体种类及培养基类型均会影响胚性愈伤组织的诱导,其中下胚轴诱导效果优于子叶;MS培养基较适合启动细胞脱分化形成愈伤组织,2,4-D对胚性愈伤组织的增殖保持有调控作用,ABA有利于体细胞胚的发生。     

改进水稻花药培养方法的途径

用液面漂浮方式培养水稻花药,研究了培养基的蔗糖浓度、激素成分、附加秋水仙碱对花粉愈伤组织的诱导、分化及花粉植株倍性的影响。提出改进水稻花药培养方法的途径,其要点是:用液体培养基培养花药;在培养初期,调整培养条件以增加对等核分裂花粉数和提高染色体加倍频率;在多细胞团花粉突破花粉壁生长之前,将其从开裂的花药中分离出来进行单花粉固着培养形成愈伤组织,并使愈伤组织在生长的早期转向分化。     

大蕉(Musa paradisiaca ABB Linn.)花序愈伤组织的诱导及其体细胞胚发生

大蕉未成熟雄花接种到胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基中,4～5个月后可诱导出胚性愈伤组织,并可在继代培养基上增殖.胚性愈伤组织转移到体细胞胚诱导培养基中可诱导出体细胞胚.体细胞胚在成熟培养基上培养2个月后转移到含有0.2mg·L-1 6-BA的分化培养基上可以萌发,进而形成再生植株.组织学切片证明所诱导的愈伤组织是胚性组织,其所产生的体胚具有典型的单子叶植物体细胞胚的组织结构.     

防风组织培养中畸形胚状体的发生和控制

采用组织培养和石蜡切片法,分析多种因素对防风畸形胚状体发生和发育过程的影响及控制。结果表明,诱导正常体细胞胚高频发生的培养基组合是：启动胚性愈伤组织的培养基是MS 0．5mg／L 2．4-D,蔗糖浓度3％;分化培养基是MS 1mg／L 6-BA 0．2mg／L NAA 0．5mg／L ABA,蔗糖浓度4％～5％;成熟培养基是MS培养基,蔗糖浓度3％。结论：一定浓度的生长素是诱导防风胚性愈伤组织的关键因素,细胞分裂素在体细胞胚的分化和发育过程中起协同作用;蔗糖浓度、ABA、接种方法以及适宜的培养条件和培养容器等均可有效降低畸形胚状体的发生率。     

伊贝母愈伤组织在继代培养过程中的染色体变异和分化频率的研究

本文报道了伊贝母愈伤组织在不同培养基上继代培养的的染色体变异和分化频率。结果表明,随着继代培养的进程,二倍体细胞频率逐渐减少。亚二倍体和超二倍体细胞频率迅速增加。同时还观察到比率不等的亚单倍体、单倍体,超三倍体和超四倍体细胞。于是培养物最终变成为只有少量整倍体而多数为非整倍体染色体数的混倍体细胞群体。不同培养基对染色体变异的效应是2,4-D+KT>IAA+KT>NAA+KT。分化频率随继代次数的增加而下降。同时还观察到了各种类型的染色体结构变异和有丝分裂异常。根据试验结果,对继代培养中染色体变异的原因以及与分化频率的关系进行了讨论。     

土人参的组织和单细胞培养及试管苗开花结实

以土人参的花梗、茎和叶片为外植体在ＭＳ培养基上诱导出愈伤组织,诱导率为７５％－９０％。愈伤组织经分化和生根培养再生了完整植株。由组织培养再生苗的幼茎诱导的愈伤组织建立悬浮系。由悬浮系分离的单细胞在２／３ＭＳ液体培养基中振荡培养或振荡培养３周后转入双层培养均再生了愈伤组织,再生率分别为０．２８％和０．４１％。愈伤组织在含有较低浓度６－ＢＡ的培养基上分化出苗。幼苗生长迅速,每３周扩增６．７倍,再生植株     

Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts of Medicago lupulina

Protoplasts isolated from suspension cell lumps of Medicago lupulina L. started to divide after 2 clays in K8p culture medium containing 0. 1～2.0 mg/L of 2, 4-D, with a maximum division frequency of 38. 35%. After S weeks of culture, the protoplast-derived cell lumps were transferred to liquid/solid double-layer media for microcallus regeneration, with a maximum frequency of 0.58%. The whole plants were regenerated from protoplastderived calli via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis. In somatic embryogenesis, the embryoids were induced on MS and W14 media with rather wide range (1. 0420.0 mg/L) of 2, 4-D concentration. The highest induction frequency of embryoids was 71.0%. In organogenesis, the differentiation media containing lower concentration of 6-BA (0. 5～0. 7 mg/L) were suitable for adventitious bud formation. The highest frequency of adventitious bud formation from calli was 27. 8%. The mature protoplast-regenerated plants were obtained 3 months after transplanting the plantlets into soil.     

液体悬浮培养促进蔓茎堇菜高效再生的研究

液体悬浮培养具有促进蔓茎堇菜芽分化的作用。以叶片为外植体在培养基MS 2,4-D1.5 ZT1.0中诱导出生长良好的愈伤组织。愈伤组织在液体培养基MS 6-BA1.0 NAA0.25中振荡培养12d后（转速为90r/min）,转入固体培养基MS 6-BA2.0 NAA0.5中继续培养14d,芽分化率可达97.5%,转接至生根培养基MS NAA2.0 6-BA0.25中培养1个月后可移栽,成活率在90%以上。     

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and the regeneration of transformants in Alhagi pseudalhagi]

The regenerated shoot segments of Alhagi pseudalhagi were sliced and infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. The hairy roots and transformed calli were obtained through selection on hormone free MS medium. The transformants were cultured on MS medium with 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5-1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) to induce calli. 3 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were applied for shoot differentiation. Shoots were planted on MS medium with 2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and produced roots. Opine analysis proved the integration and expression of T-DNA in over 95% hairy roots, 75% transformed calli and transformed plantlets respectively. The 81% hairy root cells had normal chromosome numbers (2n = 18). The alterations of chromosome number were observed. After one year of subculturing, the regeneration ability of transformants was maintained.     

发根农杆菌对骆驼刺的转化及转化组织的形态发生

将骆驼刺离体再生苗的茎切段经发根农杆菌A4菌株感染后,在含500mg/L头孢霉素的MS无激素培养基上培养,产生了转化的发根和愈伤组织.转化根在附加2mg/L2,4-D和0.5-1mg/L6BA的MS培养基上培养后,亦可诱导出愈伤组织.在含3mg/L6BA和0.5mg/LNAA的培养基上诱导出了苗的分化.冠瘿碱分析表明,在95%以上的发根和75%的转化愈伤组织及再生植株中都显示了T-DNA的整合和表达.染色体检查发现,约81%的发根细胞具有正常染色体数(2n=18),其余则存在染色体数目的变化,在继代培养一年之后,转化体仍维持旺盛的再生能力.     

骆驼蓬的组织培养及植株再生

以骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala L)无菌苗下胚轴切段为材料,在不同的培养基上进行愈伤组织的诱导,发现在MS基本培养基附加2．0mg/L 2,4—D、0．5mg／L 6—BA和3％蔗糖时,可100％的诱导出愈伤组织。愈伤组织在附加2．0mg／L 6—BA、0．5mg／L NAA、500mg／L CH和3％蔗糖的MS培养基上诱导出丛生芽,进而发育成苗,苗的分化频率在30％左右。分化苗或其茎切断在附加0．2mg／L IBA、0．2mg/L NAA和3％蔗糖的l／2MS培养基上出现根的分化,分化频率在90％以上。再生植株经炼苗后移栽成活,成活率在80％以上。     

毛白杨悬浮细胞系的建立及再生植株的获得

以毛白杨基因型TC152无菌苗为材料,研究毛白杨悬浮细胞系建立与植株再生,结果表明,通过悬浮培养和固体培养两种方法诱导毛白杨悬浮细胞分化不定芽,最终获得无菌生根苗。愈伤组织在MS＋1.5mg·L-12,4-D＋30g·L-1蔗糖的液体培养基中振荡培养,12d可建立悬浮细胞系;悬浮细胞系继代培养基为MS＋0.8mg·L-12,4-D＋30g·L-1蔗糖,继代周期为7d,悬浮细胞在MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋0.1mg·L-1NAA＋0.5～1.0mg·L-1ZT＋30g·L-1蔗糖培养基中悬浮培养,可分化大量不定芽,每个培养瓶中可得到40～50个芽,个别不定芽玻璃化;不定芽在1/2MS＋0.6mg·L-1IBA＋20g·L-1蔗糖＋5.5g·L-1琼脂培养基上可分化不定根。悬浮细胞通过固体平板培养增殖为愈伤组织块后,在MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋0.1mg·L-1NAA＋1.0mg·L-1ZT＋30g·L-1蔗糖＋5g·L-1琼脂的固体培养基上,不定芽分化率可达到70.00%。     

Plant Regeneration from Cotyledon Protoplasts of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

otyledon protoplasts of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) isolated from 2–3 week grown seedlings were cultured in MS liquid medium (2,4-D 1, 6-BA 0.1 mg/l) and fresh medium added subsequently. After 6 weeks culture, the cell clusters were transferred to semisolid medium (the additive same as in liquid medium, agar 0.3%). When the calli grew to 0.5 cm in diameter, transfer them to MS medium (6-BA 2, IAA 0.2 mg/l) for differentiation. The regenerated plants were obtained. After comparing different culture methods, tomato protoplasts grew better in double layers than in agar plate and hanging drops.     

A Preliminary Study on Direct Regeneration of Flower Buds from Peduncle Calli in Dracaena fragrans cv. massangeana

Flower buds were directly regenerated from calli in vitro in the woody plant Dracaena fragrans cv. massangeana Hort. On modified MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 1.0 mg/L IBA, two kinds of calli, A and B, were formed from the peduncle explants cultured for 5 months. Calli A were loose and on their surface there were many irregular granule-like structures (GLC); Calli B were compact and had bigger tumor-like structures (TLC) on their surface. When the GLC and TLC were transferred onto the medium respectively with 0.4 mg/L 6-BA and 1.0 mg/L IBA, flower buds were differentiated directly from the GLC but only vegetative buds and roots were differentiated from the TLC after culturing for 4 weeks. The GLC could be partly transformed into TLC in the continuous passage culture. Assays on hormones revealed that at a fixed IBA concentration of 0.4 mg/L the defferentiation frequency of flower budding was increased as the 6-BA concentration was decreased from 2.0 mg/L to 10 mg/L. Alternatively, at a fixed 6-BA concentration of 2.0 mg/L, the flower budding frequency was increased when the IBA concentration was changed from 0.4 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L. Moreover, the addition of 2.0 mg/L zeatin to the culture medium containing 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.4 mg/L IBA was favorable to the regeneration of the flower buds. Nevertheless supplementing 1.0 mg/L GA3 into the medium on which the calli had differentiated into flower buds, the flower buds would gradually wither after 2 weeks in culture.     

Plant regeneration from cultured protoplasts of a glutinous rice

Young embryos of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonicavar. Guo-xiang No. 1) were cultured on MS agar medium(2,4-D 2 mg/l). Calli were formed and subcultured on N6 agar medium (2,4-D 2 mg/l ). After selection, the small, grainy and pale yellowish cell clusters with dense cytoplasm were used in protoplast preparation. Isolated protoplasts were cultured in N6 medium (2,4-D 1 mg/l, 6-BA 0.2 mg/l)~1 with agarose block culture method. The protoplasts grew, divided and formed calli. After inducing differentiation, the regenerated mature plants were obtained.