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E.G. Santos F.G.P. Costa J.H.V. Silva T.D.D. Martins D.F. Figueiredo‐Lima M. Macari C.J.B. Oliveira P.E.N. Givisiez 《Journal of applied microbiology》2013,114(4):1158-1165
Aims
To evaluate mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and threonine effects on performance, small intestine morphology and Salmonella spp. counts in Salmonella Enteritidis‐challenged birds.Methods and Results
One‐day‐old chicks (1d) were distributed into five treatments: nonchallenged animals fed basal diet (RB‐0), animals fed basal diet and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis (RB‐I), animals fed high level of threonine and infected (HT‐I), birds fed basal diet with MOS and infected (MOS‐I), birds fed high level of threonine and MOS and infected (HT+MOS‐I). Birds were inoculated at 2d with Salmonella Enteritidis, except RB‐0 birds. Chicks fed higher dietary threonine and MOS showed performance similar to RB‐0 and intestinal morphology recovery at 8 dpi. Salmonella counts and the number of Salmonella‐positive animals were lower in HT+MOS‐I compared with other challenged groups.Conclusion
Mannan oligosaccharides and threonine act synergistically, resulting in improved intestinal environment and recovery after Salmonella inoculation.Significance and Impact of the Study
Nutritional approaches may be useful to prevent Salmonella infection in the first week and putative carcass contamination at slaughter. This is the first report on the possible synergistic effect of mannan oligosaccharides and threonine, and further studies should be performed including performance, microbiota evaluation, composition of intestinal mucins and immune assessment. 相似文献3.
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Evaluation of the performance of the IQ‐Check kits and the USDA Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook methods for detection of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and STEC and Salmonella simultaneously in ground beef
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G.M. Baranzoni P.M. Fratamico F. Boccia L.K. Bagi G.‐H. Kim A. Anastasio T. Pepe 《Journal of applied microbiology》2017,122(3):809-816
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José L. Tapia Benjamin Nogueda Torres Govinda S. Visvesvara 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2013,60(5):448-454
Although Balamuthia mandrillaris was identified more than two decades ago as an agent of fatal granulomatous encephalitis in humans and other animals, little is known about its ecological niche, biological behavior in the environment, food preferences and predators, if any. When infecting humans or other animals, Balamuthia feeds on tissues; and in vitro culture, it feeds on mammalian cells (monkey kidney cells, human lung fibroblasts, and human microvascular endothelial cells). According to recent reports, it is believed that Balamuthia feeds on small amebae, for example, Acanthamoeba that are present in its ecological niche. To test this hypothesis, we associated Balamuthia on a one‐on‐one basis with selected protozoa and algae. We videotaped the behavior of Balamuthia in the presence of a potential prey, its ability to hunt and attack its food, and the time required to eat and cause damage to the target cell by direct contact. We found that B. mandrillaris ingested trophozoites of Naegleria fowleri, Naegleria gruberi, Acanthamoeba spp., Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, and Giardia. However, it did not feed on Acanthamoeba cysts or algae. Balamuthia caused cytolysis of T. cruzi epimastigotes and T. gondii tachyzoites by direct contact. Balamuthia trophozoites and cysts were, however, eaten by Paramecium sp. 相似文献
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Imported edible leaves collected at retail sale in England during 2017 with an emphasis on betel and curry leaves: microbiological quality with respect to Salmonella,Shiga‐toxin‐producing E. coli (STEC) and levels of Escherichia coli
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J. McLauchlin H. Aird A. Charlett M. Chattaway N. Elviss H. Hartman C. Jenkins F. Jørgensen L. Larkin L. Sadler‐Reeves C. Willis 《Journal of applied microbiology》2018,125(4):1175-1185
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Intraspecific variation is central to our understanding of evolution and population ecology, yet its consequences for community ecology are poorly understood. Animal personality – consistent individual differences in suites of behaviours – may be particularly important for trophic dynamics, where predator personality can determine activity rates and patterns of attack. We used mesocosms with aquatic food webs in which the top predator (dragonfly nymphs) varied in activity and subsequent attack rates on zooplankton, and tested the effects of predator personality. We found support for four hypotheses: (1) active predators disproportionately reduce the abundance of prey, (2) active predators select for predator‐resistant prey species, (3) active predators strengthen trophic cascades (increase phytoplankton abundance) and (4) active predators are more likely to cannibalise one another, weakening all other trends when at high densities. These results suggest that intraspecific variation in predator personality is an important determinant of prey abundance, community composition and trophic cascades. 相似文献
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The distribution and presence of hygiene indicator and pathogenic micro‐organisms in 375 samples of attieke marketed in Côte d'Ivoire, and their roles in the food poisoning were evaluated. Microbiological analyses were carried out, which included the total viable bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Bacillus spores, fungi and Clostridium perfringens. The results revealed that the viable bacteria counts ranged from 2·2 ± 1·2 × 105 to 3·4 ± 1·4 × 106 CFU g?1, while the yeasts and the moulds counts ranged, respectively, from 2·4 ± 0·12 × 104 to 9·8 ± 0·4 × 105 CFU g?1 and 1·3 ± 0·7 × 101 to 1·7 ± 0·7 × 102 CFU g?1. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundi, Enterobacter amnigenus, Citrobacter youngae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter agglomerans and Klebsiella oxytoca were the bacteria isolated, and Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Thamnidium spp., Fusarium spp., Moniliella spp. the fungi. Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. were not found. The occurrence of some bacteria and fungi illustrate that attieke collected in Côte d'Ivoire markets may act as a reservoir of pathogenic micro‐organisms for human.