日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏ESTs 分析与比较转录组研究

以日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏为材料构建cDNA文库, 在文库中随机挑选克隆子进行测序共得到10077条有效ESTs(expressed sequence tags)序列. ESTs序列分析显示, 8515条ESTs拼成648条片段重叠群, 共得到2210条转录本, 其中47.06%的转录本预测为全长序列; 利用BLAST程序在GenBank数据库中进行同源性搜索发现2053条转录本有同源序列匹配, 占总转录本的92.9%. 更进一步对这些基因产物进行Gene Ontology注释, 结果发现, 在日本七鳃鳗肝脏中与有颌类免疫、凝血和代谢相关的基因大量表达, 并预测了8个新基因. 通过对日本七鳃鳗与底鳉(Fundulus heteroclitus)、鼠(Mus musculus)、牛(Bos taurus)和人(Homo sapiens)肝脏转录组的比较分析, 发现日本七鳃鳗肝脏中比其他物种优势表达的是甲壳质酶和多糖代谢等相关的基因, 这些基因可能在日本七鳃鳗免疫中发挥重要作用. 此外, 也利用TargetScan软件对日本七鳃鳗肝脏转录组中3′UTR区进行microRNA靶标识别, 结果发现了与人类癌症基因调控同源的microRNA靶标, 这为研究人类癌症提供了有益的线索. 上述结果将为七鳃鳗功能基因和蛋白组学的研究以及脊椎动物的基因组进化提供重要的理论基础.     

日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏ESTs 分析与比较转录组研究

以日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏为材料构建cDNA文库, 在文库中随机挑选克隆子进行测序共得到10077条有效ESTs(expressed sequence tags)序列. ESTs序列分析显示, 8515条ESTs拼成648条片段重叠群, 共得到2210条转录本, 其中47.06%的转录本预测为全长序列; 利用BLAST程序在GenBank数据库中进行同源性搜索发现2053条转录本有同源序列匹配, 占总转录本的92.9%. 更进一步对这些基因产物进行Gene Ontology注释, 结果发现, 在日本七鳃鳗肝脏中与有颌类免疫、凝血和代谢相关的基因大量表达, 并预测了8个新基因. 通过对日本七鳃鳗与底鳉(Fundulus heteroclitus)、鼠(Mus musculus)、牛(Bos taurus)和人(Homo sapiens)肝脏转录组的比较分析, 发现日本七鳃鳗肝脏中比其他物种优势表达的是甲壳质酶和多糖代谢等相关的基因, 这些基因可能在日本七鳃鳗免疫中发挥重要作用. 此外, 也利用TargetScan软件对日本七鳃鳗肝脏转录组中3′UTR区进行microRNA靶标识别, 结果发现了与人类癌症基因调控同源的microRNA靶标, 这为研究人类癌症提供了有益的线索. 上述结果将为七鳃鳗功能基因和蛋白组学的研究以及脊椎动物的基因组进化提供重要的理论基础.     

cDNA(EST)文库的高通量生物信息学分析体系的构建与应用

应用生物信息学方法,构建了一套针对cDNA或EST文库的高通量、自动化分析体系,CLASP(cDNA Library Analysis SystemPrimary)。CLASP基于Linux操作系统,主要由Perl程序构成。它以cDNA文库(ESTs)序列为分析对象,具有自动查找序列同源基因并进行染色体定位(包括细胞遗传学定位和SIS定位)、EST自动延伸等功能;并对不同来源序列进行聚类分析。应用该体系对3对肺癌相关抑制性消减杂交(SSH)cDNA文库进行了分析。结果在所有3对文库的2083条EST中有1492条找到了同源基因,其中1365条得到染色体定位。对所余591条未知基因的EST进行了电子延伸,其中有214条EST得到不同程度的延伸。对上述cDNA文库中已知基因的EST以及电子延伸后的EST再分别进行聚类分析,而后综合两个聚类分析的结果,由此可发现不同文库间的共同与差异表达基因,可用于特定性状相关的基因功能预测。     

青杄均一化cDNA文库构建及EST序列分析

以青杄花粉和针叶为材料,将青杄全长cDNA与Gateway供体载体pDONR222重组,构建了其非剪切型全长cDNA原始文库,利用基因组DNA饱和杂交技术对原始cDNA文库进行均一化处理,构建青杄的均一化全长cDNA文库。文库的总库容量为1.1×106CFU/mL,平均插入片段长度大于1.0 kb,重组率大于95%。定量RT-PCR检测表明,青杄高丰度表达基因EF1-α在均一化cDNA文库中的表达量下降了约41倍。接着对文库中随机的5 144个克隆进行了测序,获得高质量的有效EST(expressedsequence tag)序列为5 144条,经拼接共获得单一基因(unigene)为2 717个,其中包括片段重叠群(contig)628个和单一EST序列(singlet)2 089个。NCBI同源比对分析表明,其中1 887个序列unigenes获得分子功能注释,这些EST涉及细胞生长、信号转导、转录、抗逆、能量代谢等功能。这些数据有助于对青杄的相关功能蛋白及分子机制开展进一步的研究。     

Gateway技术构建菊芋块茎全长cDNA文库及EST测序分析

为丰富菊芋功能基因组学研究基础平台,以成熟期菊芋块茎为材料,将菊芋全长cDNA与Gateway供体载体pDONR222重组,构建了菊芋非剪切型全长cDNA文库。文库质量分析表明:未经扩增的原始文库库容量为5.76×10~6 CFU,插入片段大小主要为1～3000 bp,重组率为100%(24/24),达到了高质量文库的标准。利用该文库进行表达序列标签(expressed sequence tag, EST)测序,得到2639条高质量的EST序列,拼接后获得1895条非重复的唯一表达序列(unigene)。与NCBI的NR数据库同源比对分析表明,共有1533条unigene(80.9%)与已知基因有显著的同源性。GO分类结果显示:菊芋块茎表达基因在分子功能类群中,结合和催化活性所占比例最高。此cDNA文库将可用于菊芋功能基因组研究、新基因筛选、高通量EST测序以及菊芋cDNA芯片的制备等。     

中华蜜蜂工蜂cDNA文库的构建及ESTs测序分析

【目的】为了解中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana工蜂的抗逆性,构建了中华蜜蜂工蜂的cDNA文库,并对文库质量进行分析。【方法】本研究利用SMART技术构建了中华蜜蜂工蜂的全长cDNA文库。【结果】文库库容为3.6×106 cfu/m L,文库重组率为97%,插入片段长度多数分布在1 000 bp左右。挑取cDNA克隆进行EST测序,共进行了306个成功反应,软件拼接共得到234个单基因簇(Unigene),其中包括207个单拷贝(Singletons)序列及27个重叠群(Contigs)。使用Blastx将这些序列同Gen Bank等数据库进行查询、比对和注释,结果显示141条序列有相关同源性,其他序列没有明显的同源性,这也为我们发现新功能基因提供了可靠依据。【结论】此文库的构建在中华蜜蜂功能基因的分离、克隆、筛选以及基因功能研究等方面具有重要作用。     

成人视网膜假定蛋白基因ARHP的克隆及生物信息学分析

从UniGene库中选取编号为BG2 2 2 62 4来自人鼻咽组织的表达序列标签 (EST )序列 ,联网到NCBI调用Blast服务器分析 ,发现该EST序列是一个代表新基因的未知序列 .利用Blast检索GenBank的nr数据库和EST数据库 ,构建EST重叠群 ,联网到NCBI的ORFfinder服务器 ,分析发现该EST重叠群具有完整的阅读框架 .分别在cDNA序列阅读框架的起始密码子和终止密码子的两侧设计引物 ,以人胎脑cDNA文库为模板 ,进行PCR扩增 ,测序确定该基因的cDNA全长序列 .该基因cDNA序列全长为 1672bp ,阅读框架位于第 3 0 4～ 1557位之间 ,编码由 417个氨基酸组成 ,分子质量为 46 58ku的蛋白质 ,其理论 pI为 4 2 1.将蛋白质序列通过NCBI的Blast服务器进行序列相似性分析 ,发现该基因编码的蛋白质和成年小鼠视网膜未知蛋白 (BAB3 2 2 14 )同源 .经与国际人类基因组命名委员会协商定名为成人视网膜假定蛋白 (adultretinahypotheticalprotein ,ARHP) ,GenBank登录号为AY174896.生物信息学分析表明 ,该蛋白质可能为一参与转录调控的核蛋白 .ARHP基因定位在染色体 5q3 5,跨越 3 5163bp ,含 4个外显子和 3个内含子 .在基因的 5′非翻译区有 2个CpG岛     

盐芥(Arabidopsis salsuginea)cDNA文库的随机测序

实验以盐生植物盐芥为材料 ,提取经盐处理的盐芥总RNA ,分离mRNA后 ,构建cDNA文库。从cDNA文库中随机挑取克隆进行测序。结果共测得 5 3个表达序列标记 (EST) ,有 37个EST( 6 9 8% )与拟南芥的基因在多肽水平上有较高同源性 ;2 1个EST( 39.6 % )的功能未知     

橡胶树甲基化过滤文库的构建

为高通量富集橡胶树基因编码序列,文章首次利用大肠杆菌McrBC限制修饰系统构建了巴西橡胶树基因组甲基化过滤文库.该文库未扩增和扩增后的滴度分别为2.6×106pfu/mL和9×109pfu/mL,阳性克隆率为86.4%,插入片段大小为1～2.5 kb,平均长度为1.2 kb.随机挑选100个克隆进行测序,共拼接出81个非冗余序列,其中包括6个重叠群(Contigs)和75个单一序列(Singlets),冗余度为17.35%.Blast分析发现,39.5%非冗余序列与Nr库中功能基因同源,14.81%与EST数据库中序列同源,32.1%序列为未知序列,且部分序列为开花调控、抗虫和抗病等功能相关的同源基因.橡胶树甲基化文库的建立为橡胶树重要功能基因发现和克隆提供一条重要途径.     

Expressed sequence tags of Chinese cabbage flower bud cDNA.

We randomly selected and partially sequenced cDNA clones from a library of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) flower bud cDNAs. Out of 1216 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), 904 cDNA clones were unique or nonredundant. Five hundred eighty-eight clones (48.4%) had sequence homology to functionally defined genes at the peptide level. Only 5 clones encoded known flower-specific proteins. Among the cDNAs with no similarity to known protein sequences (628), 184 clones had significant similarity to nucleotide sequences registered in the databases. Among these 184 clones, 142 exhibited similarities at the nucleotide level only with plant ESTs. Also, sequence similarities were evident between these 142 ESTs and their matching ESTs when compared using the deduced amino acid sequences. Therefore, it is possible that the anonymous ESTs encode plant-specific ubiquitous proteins. Our extensive EST analysis of genes expressed in floral organs not only contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of genome expression patterns in floral organs but also adds data to the repertoire of all genomic genes.     

Novel translationally controlled tumor protein homologue in the buccal gland secretion of Lampetra japonica

We have cloned a homologue of the translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) from the buccal gland of Lampetra japonica according to information from a cDNA library and primary analysis of expressed sequence tags. Sequence analysis of L. japonica TCTP showed that it had two signature regions of high sequence homology termed TCTP-1 and TCTP-2, respectively. TCTP is highly conserved in evolution. It showed more than 40% identification similarities with parasite TCTPs that had effect on immune responses of host. Phylogeny of 31 TCTP sequences showed that lamprey was closer to jawed vertebrates than to Amphioxus and was a sister group of gnathostomes. TCTP gene from L. japonica was expressed in a pET23b vector and purified by using His Bind affinity chromatography. Polyclonal antibody to recombinant protein was generated in New Zealand Rabbit. Immunoblot analysis to localize the recombinant protein in buccal gland secretion proves that recombinant TCTP is a secretion protein, which may be secreted through a non-classical secretion pathway. A characterization study shows that recombinant TCTP has histamine-releasing function in vitro. It mediated histamine release from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. TCTP links both the innate and the adaptive immune responses by modulating the secretion of cytokines from mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and T and B lymphocytes. These may indicate a potential role of TCTP in the inflammatory process and immune regulation between L. japonica and host.     

Identification of immune-related genes in hemocytes of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

An expressed sequence tag (EST) library was constructed from hemocytes of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) to identify genes associated with immunity in this economically important species. The number of complementary DNA clones in the constructed library was approximately 4 x 10(5). Of these, 615 clones having inserts larger than 500 bp were unidirectionally sequenced and analyzed by homology searches against data in GenBank. Significant homology to known genes was found in 314 (51%) of the 615 clones, but the remaining 301 sequences (49%) did not match any sequence in GenBank. Approximately 35% of the matched ESTs were significantly identified by the BLASTN and BLASTX programs, while 65% were recognized only by the BLASTX program. Of the 615 clones, 55 (8.9%) were identified as putative immune-related genes. The isolated genes were composed of those coding for enzymes and proteins in the clotting system and the prophenoloxidase-activating system, antioxidative enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, and serine proteinase inhibitors. Three full-length ESTs encoding antimicrobial peptides (antilipopolysaccharide and penaeidin homologues) and a heat shock protein (cpn10 homologue) are reported.     

Generation of 919 expressed sequence tags from immature flower buds and gene expression analysis using expressed sequence tags in the model plant Lotus japonicus

Lotus japonicus has received increased attention as a potential model legume plant. In order to study gene expression in reproductive organs and to identify genes that play a crucial function in sexual reproduction, we constructed a cDNA library from immature flower buds containing anthers at the stage of developing tapetum cells in L. japonicus, and characterized 919 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) randomly selected from a cDNA library of the immature flower buds. The 919 ESTs analyzed were clustered into 821 non-redundant EST groups. As a result of a database search, 436 groups (53%) out of the 821 groups showed sequence similarity to genes registered in the public database. Out of these 436 groups, 109 groups showed similarity to genes encoding hypothetical proteins whose function had not yet been estimated. Three hundred eighty five groups (47%) showed no significant homology to known sequences and were classified as novel sequences. A comparison of 821 non-redundant EST sequences and EST sequences derived from the whole plant L. japonicus revealed that 474 EST sequences derived from immature flower buds were not found in the EST sequences of the whole plant. In order to confirm the expression pattern of potential reproductive-organ specific EST clones, nine clones, which were not matched to ESTs derived from the whole plant, were selected, and RT-PCR analysis was performed on these clones. As a result of RT-PCR, we found two novel anther specific clones. One clone was homologous to a gene encoding human cleft lip and palate associated transmembrane protein (CLPTM1) like protein, and the other clone did not show a significant similarity to any genes deposited in the public database. These results indicate that ESTs analyzed here represent a valuable resource for finding reproductive-organ specific genes in Lotus japonicus.     

Analysis of Schistosoma mansoni genes using the expressed sequence tag approach

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are partial cDNA sequences read from both ends of random expressed gene fragments used for discovering new genes. DNA libraries from four different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni used in this study generated 141 ESTs representing about 2.5% of S. mansoni sequences in dbEST. Sequencing was done by the dideoxy chain termination method. The sequences were submitted to GenBank for homology searching in nonredundant databases using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for DNA (BLASTN) alignment and for protein (BLASTX) alignment at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Among submitted ESTs, 29 were derived from lambdagt11 sporocyst library, 70 from lambdaZap adult worm library, 31 from lambdaZap cercarial library, and 11 from lambdaZap female B worm library. Homology search revealed that eight (5.6%) ESTs shared homology to previously identified S.mansoni genes in dbEST, 15 (10.6%) are homologous to known genes in other organisms, 116 (81.7%) showed no significant sequence homology in the databases, and the remaining sequences (2.1%) showed low homologies to rRNA or mitochondrial DNA sequences. Thus, among the 141 ESTs studied, 116 sequences are derived from noval, uncharactarized S. mansoni genes. Those 116 ESTs are important for identification of coding regions in the sequences, helping in mapping of schistosome genome, and identifying genes of immunological and pharmacological significance.