西洋参化学成分——皂甙的含量测定

本文采用Shibata提取方法,以人参皂甙Re为标准品,通过对样品提取液的薄层分离,用香草醛—高氯酸比色法对不同产地、不同年生、不同规格的西洋参及其不同部位中的总皂甙和分组皂甙作了含量测定。结果表明:各种西洋参样品总皂甙含量差异较大;三醇型与二醇型皂甙含量比为1:2.93～1:3;花蕾皂甙含量最高。     

RP-HPLC法测定西洋参浸膏和西洋参茶中人参皂苷Rg1与Re的含量

报道了西洋参浸膏和西洋参茶中人参皂苷Ｒｇ１与Ｒｅ的反相高效液相色谱（ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ）测定法,用十八烷基硅烷刍合相柱,ＵＶ２０３ｎｍ检测,流动相为乙腈－０．０５％磷酸溶液（１８：８２）。比较了样品的纯化方法。     

西洋参与人参中人参皂甙含量的比较

采用ＴＬＣ和ＨＰＬＣ方法分析比较西洋参（Ｐａｎａｘ ｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｆｏｌｉｕｍ Ｌ．）、人参（Ｐ．ｇｉｎｓｅｎｇ Ｃ．Ａ．Ｍｅｙ．）及其加工品红参（ｒｅｄ ｇｉｎｓｅｎｇ）,以及不同规格的西洋参中人参皂甙的含量。结果表明,西洋参中人参皂甙总量及人参二醇型皂甙的含量明显高于人参及红参,且含有１种人参及红参中未发现的未知人参皂甙Ｒｘ,但不含人参及红参中含有的Ｒｆ;人参中人参二醇型皂甙的含量高于人参三醇     

西洋参药理作用的研究进展

本文综述了西洋参药理作用的研究进展,全面系统地整理了国内外有关西洋参药理作用的研究成果。     

林下栽培西洋参的试验研究

林下栽培西洋参的试验研究袁崇文（贵州省植物园,贵阳５５０００４）ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＯＦＡＭＥＲＩＣＡＮＧＩＮＳＥＮＧＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＵＮＤＥＲＴＨＥＦＯＲＥＳＴＬＡＮＤ￥ＹＵＡＮＣｈｏｎｇ一Ｗｅｎ（ＧｕｉｚｈｏｕＢｏｔａｎｉｃＧａｒｄｅ...     

西洋参根的发育解剖学研究

西洋主根顶端的原分生组织由三群原始细胞组成。初生木质部为三原型。维管形成层产生的次生维管组织中薄壁细胞占主导地位;维管分子量少、聚集成群,分散在薄壁组织中。周皮加、周皮发生较迟,其木栓形成层由紧靠内皮层的皮层细胞产生。不同年龄西洋参主根随着龄龄的增加,周皮、次生真心皮部和木质部面积均呈增加趋势,但韧皮部与木质部面积比值自５：１下降至１：１。一年生根由中柱鞘产生初生分泌道,由维管形成层产生一圈次生分     

不同光照强度对西洋参光合特性,营养成分和产量的影响

在２１．６％自然光强下生长的西洋参叶片,光合作用的光饱和点和光补偿点皆比１１％自然光强下的高．在恒定条件下,光合作用最适温度为２８℃．２１．６％自然光强下的光合产物,较多地分配到根部,１１％自然光强下则分配到果实中的高．光合速率在一定范围内随透光强度的增加而提高,以透光３０％的叶片为最高．其日变化呈双峰曲线．叶绿素含量在一定范围内随光强的增加而降低,叶绿素ｂ含量的变化亦为同样趋势．叶片结构以弱光和强光相比,在上表皮角质层花纹、下表皮气孔数、叶肉细胞形状、叶绿体数及其基粒片层结构都有明显差别．参的产量随光强的增加而显著增加,但以透光３０％时增长幅度最大,４０％时增长变小．根中总皂苷和氨基酸含量在一定范围内随光强而增加,至透光４０％时又下降．     

几种绞股蓝饮料营养学研究

本研究对几种绞股蓝饮料检测结果表明,营养物质丰富,含量颇高,具有一定保健价值。这些饮料所含总皂甙、皂甙元与人参皂甙基本一致;１７种氨基酸组分、含量比值均以九龙甘茶〉七叶胆茶〉大田茶,其中Ｇｌｕ、Ａｓｐ、Ｇｌｙ、Ｌｅｕ含量最高,Ｍｅｔ含量最低;１６种微量元素含量水平变化,依Ｓｉ〉Ａｌ〉Ｆｅ〉Ｚｎ〉Ｓｒ〉Ｂａ〉Ｍｎ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｍｏ〉Ｎｂ〉Ｚｒ〉Ｐｂ〉Ｃｏ〉Ｎｉ〉Ｂｅ为序列;营养素成分的含量可随产品不同而异     

西洋参化学成分的研究(Ⅲ)—元素分析

本文利用等离子直读光谱仪测得各种西洋参含有8种人体必需微量元素:铁、铬、铜、硼、锰、硅、锶和锌,以及人体必需宏量元素3种:钙、镁和磷。并用中子活化分析法测得黑龙江省五常县西洋参中部分人体必需微量元素及宏量元素的含量。     

不同年限对栽参土壤生物活性的影响

通过对不同年限栽参土壤微生物功能多样性和土壤酶活性的动态变化分析,探究人参生长年限与微生物碳源利用、土壤酶活性之间的相互关系,寻找人参生长与土壤生物活性之间的变化规律,旨在从生物活性角度分析人参连作障碍成因及为科学指导栽参提供理论依据。分析表明,随着人参生长年限的增加,AWCD值、物种丰富度指数和碳源利用丰富度指数均降低,而优势度度指数升高。土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶活性随栽培年限增加活性降低,而过氧化氢酶活性升高。相关性分析表明,微生物代谢与土壤酶活性关系密切,微生物种类多,奇异度高,微生态系统稳定,土壤酶活性高。因此,保证土壤微生物的多样性,保持土壤酶活性,是提高土壤质量的重要手段,也是解决人参连作障碍的有效途径。     

不同生长期白羊草中游离氨基酸的含量

本文对不同生长期白羊草（Ｂｏｔｈｒｉｏｃｈｌｏａｉｓｃｈａｅｍｕｍ）中氨基酸成分进行了分析,共检出白羊草中氨基酸１６种,以８月份生长的白羊草氨基酸的含量最高,为５．８１６ｍｇ／ｇ。     

电导滴定法分析氨基酸含量

提出和建立了适用于中间控制的氨基酸分析方法即电导滴定法,测定甘氨酸,ＤＬ－天冬氨酸和Ｌ－半胱氨酸的含量,并与甲醛滴定法、凯氏定氮法作了比较,本法快速,简单,准确,易于推广。     

人参愈伤组织的PSY基因遗传转化

将八氢番茄红素合成酶基因（PSY）重组于植物双元表达载体pBin438,得到重组质粒pBin438-PSY。用冻融法将其导入农杆菌EHA101中,采用叶盘法转化人参愈伤组织,对所获得的抗性细胞系进行PCR和Southern检测,并对表达产物进行了薄层层析（TLC）、光谱分析、高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测及含量测定。结果表明PSY基因已成功导入人参愈伤组织细胞基因组,并已得到高效表达,表达产物β-胡萝卜素含量为143μg·g^-1人参细胞干重。本研究利用转基因方法在人参愈伤组织细胞中成功地表达了八氢番茄红素合成酶基因,为进一步提高人参的营养价值奠定了基础。     

Determination of Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Rapeseed Meal and Cake Processed at Different Temperatures Using the Direct and Difference Method with Growing Pigs

Studies were conducted with ten barrows, average initial body weight 34.5 ± 2.1kg, fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, to study the accuracy of determination of the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) values of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in rapeseed meal and cake and the effects of processing, using the difference method. Five corn starch-based diets in the studies were formulated to contain 17.7% CP and based on soybean meal, prepress-extraction rapeseed meal, prepress-extraction rapeseed meal plus soybean meal, high-temperature press rapeseed cake plus soybean meal, or low-temperature press rapeseed cake plus soybean meal as the sole source of dietary protein. The design was an incomplete Latin Square involving two three-week periods and five-treatments. It was found that the AID values of CP and most AA determined with the difference or direct method were significantly lower in rapeseed meal or cakes than soybean meal. The AID values of CP and most AA in prepress-extraction rapeseed meal, high-temperature press or low-temperature cakes determined with the difference method were no difference from those in prepress-extraction rapeseed meal determined with the direct method. The AID values of CP and AA in rapeseed meal and cake determined with the difference method were accurate, when the contribution of CP and AA from rapeseed was more than 50%. The AID values of CP and AA (especially lysine) were lower in the high-temperature press rapeseed cake than in the low-temperature press cake or the prepress-extraction meal.     

人参的遗传改良*

遗传改良是人参育种的重要手段之一,而遗传转化和再生体系的建立是开展人参遗传改良工作的前提和基础。人参植株再生可以通过器官发生和体细胞胚发生,间接体细胞胚发生是人参植株再生的主要途径,从不同外植体,不同碳源,体细胞胚优化和无激素再生等方面进行了综述。在人参遗传转化方面,发根农杆菌和根癌农杆菌对人参的遗传转化均已成功,人参皂苷合成途径中的关键酶基因和抗除草剂基因也已陆续导入人参,得到了遗传改良的转化人参。发根培养系统可用于大量生产人参皂苷,讨论了rolC基因对人参发根诱导的作用,发根植株再生能力及生物反应器培养,最后指出了人参基因工程研究中存在的问题。     

Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Black Ginseng

In recent years, black ginseng, a new type of processed ginseng product, has attracted the attention of scholars globally. Ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide, the main active substances of black ginseng, have been shown to carry curative effects for many diseases. This article focuses on the mechanism of their action in anti-inflammatory response, which is mainly divided into three aspects: activation of immune cells to exert immune regulatory response; participation in inflammatory response-related pathways and regulation of the expression level of inflammatory factors; effect on the metabolic activity of intestinal flora. This study identifies active anti-inflammatory components and an action mechanism of black ginseng showing multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel characteristics, providing ideas and a basis for a follow-up in-depth study of its specific mechanism.     

乙肝病毒表面抗原基因在人参细胞中的表达

为获得表达乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)的人参细胞系,构建携带HBsAg基因的植物细胞表达载体pBIBSa,采用以农杆菌LBA4404感染的方法,经G418筛选后得到13株具有抗性的人参细胞.提取基因组DNA进行PCR反应,其中8株得到约700bp的HBsAg基因片段;提取mRNA进行RT-PCR反应,其中6株得到约700bp的HBsAg基因片段;用ELISA方法检测HBsAg,6株均为阳性.每克人参细胞中最高含HBsAg184 ng,占细胞可溶性蛋白的0.009%.免疫组化切片染色显示HBsAg主要分布在细胞膜上,少量位于细胞核中.这些结果表明人参细胞整合了HBsAg基因,并能稳定表达HBsAg.     

Three Different Classes of Aminotransferases Evolved Prephenate Aminotransferase Functionality in Arogenate-competent Microorganisms

The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine represent essential sources of high value natural aromatic compounds for human health and industry. Depending on the organism, alternative routes exist for their synthesis. Phenylalanine and tyrosine are synthesized either via phenylpyruvate/4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate or via arogenate. In arogenate-competent microorganisms, an aminotransferase is required for the transamination of prephenate into arogenate, but the identity of the genes is still unknown. We present here the first identification of prephenate aminotransferases (PATs) in seven arogenate-competent microorganisms and the discovery that PAT activity is provided by three different classes of aminotransferase, which belong to two different fold types of pyridoxal phosphate enzymes: an aspartate aminotransferase subgroup 1β in tested α- and β-proteobacteria, a branched-chain aminotransferase in tested cyanobacteria, and an N-succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase in tested actinobacteria and in the β-proteobacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. Recombinant PAT enzymes exhibit high activity toward prephenate, indicating that the corresponding genes encode bona fide PAT. PAT functionality was acquired without other modification of substrate specificity and is not a general catalytic property of the three classes of aminotransferases.     

青海地区胡芦巴的营养成分分析

采用RP-HPLC法和H2SO4-K2SO4-CuSO4扩散法测定青海产胡芦巴中氨基酸、蛋白质的质量分数,分析青海胡芦巴不同产区间的含量差异,为青海胡芦巴的品质鉴定和产品开发提供一定的科学依据。