东北湿地沉积物中T4型噬菌体g23基因的多样性

【目的】揭示我国东北典型湿地沉积物中T4型噬菌体g23基因的多样性,明确湿地环境T4型噬菌体群落分布特征,为噬菌体生态学研究提供数据支撑。【方法】采用简并性引物MZIA1bis和MZIA6对采自东北6个地点不同类型湿地沉积物土壤DNA进行PCR扩增,采用克隆测序方法,解析沉积物中T4型噬菌体g23基因组成,通过UniFrac分析T4型噬菌体群落结构在湿地沉积物中与其他环境中的差异。【结果】在东北湿地沉积物中共得到262条不同的g23基因序列,构建的系统进化树分析表明,我国东北湿地沉积物T4型噬菌体g23基因分布与海洋、湖泊及稻田生态系统中g23基因亲缘关系较近,而与东北旱地黑土g23基因分布较远;以g23基因群集表征的T4型噬菌体群落在不同地点湿地中分异明显。【结论】东北湿地生态系统T4型噬菌体群落结构复杂多样,存在着一些未知的噬菌体类群。     

纳帕海高原湿地T4类噬菌体遗传多样性分析

噬菌体在微生物中分布较广。为研究T4类噬菌体在纳帕海高原湿地的分布情况,本研究从纳帕海湿地分别采集水样和淤泥土样,采用g23基因为分子探针,利用MZIA1和MZIA6引物对其进行扩增,共获得92条基因序列,并与其他不同生境的g23基因进行比对和遗传多样性研究。结果显示,纳帕海高原湿地的T4类噬菌体与海洋基因序列相距较远,而与淡水湖泊和稻田土壤及平原基因序列相距较近。但也有部分序列独立聚簇,推测其为纳帕海地区的独有基因序列。本研究充分说明纳帕海地区拥有独特而丰富的微生物资源,为研究高原淡水湖泊中噬菌体的生态功能提供了理论依据。     

不同自然环境下噬藻体g20基因多样性研究进展北大核心CSCD

随着分子生物学技术发展与病毒基因组测序的推进,对地球上数量最大且广泛存在的病毒及其基因多样性的研究备受科学家们关注。迄今为止,仍未发现类似于细菌16S rDNA和真菌18S rDNA的病毒通用分子标记,但利用病毒某些家族的保守氨基酸序列设计简并性引物可研究环境中病毒多样性,并取得了一系列突破性成果。本文以编码噬藻体壳组装蛋白基因g20为目标,综述了噬藻体在海洋、湖泊和稻田中噬藻体基因多样性的研究进展,讨论了噬藻体g20基因分布与生存环境的相关性,发现不同的自然环境中都存在着独特的类群。同时指出了针对环境中噬藻体g20基因研究存在的问题及未来研究发展的趋势。     

中华苜蓿根瘤菌噬菌体的分离及主要壳蛋白基因g23的系统进化分析

【目的】揭示苜蓿根瘤菌噬菌体的形态学特征及主要壳蛋白g23基因的分布地位,为根瘤菌噬菌体的生态学研究提供数据支持。【方法】以中华苜蓿根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti USDA1002T)为宿主,采用双层平板法分离土壤环境中的苜蓿根瘤菌噬菌体,利用电子显微镜观察纯化的噬菌体形态特征;提取噬菌体DNA,PCR扩增编码噬菌体壳蛋白的g23基因,构建系统进化树,以形态学鉴定和分子生物学相结合的方法,明确分离获得的苜蓿根瘤菌噬菌体g23基因的系统进化地位。【结果】分离获得了3株噬菌体,头部均呈二十面体,直径大小为81–86 nm,尾部有收缩尾鞘,长度大约为54–70 nm。克隆测序结果显示,获得的3株噬菌体g23基因株间相似度较高,但与可培养的Exo T-、Schizo T-、T-、Pseudo T-evens相似度较低。系统进化分析表明,获得的3株噬菌体不隶属于目前已划分的不同环境噬菌体g23基因的分类类群中。【结论】3株噬菌体均属于肌尾噬菌体科的裂性噬菌体,与目前获得的所有噬菌体g23基因相似性较低,属于新的侵染中华苜蓿根瘤菌的噬菌体株。     

禽流感病毒NP蛋白与T4噬菌体SOC蛋白的融合表达

利用PCR技术扩增禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)NP基因。将NP基因克隆至T4噬菌体表达质粒pSOC的SOC基因(T4噬菌体表面非结构蛋白基因)下游,构建成T4噬菌体SOC位点表达NP的表达载体pSOC-NP。将其转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导后表达的目的蛋白SOC-NP进行SDS-PAGE与Western-blot方法检测。结果表明,表达的SOC-NP蛋白相对分子质量约58kD,表达量占菌体总蛋白量的20.34%,并具有与AIV特异性抗体反应的活性。     

利用T4噬菌体展示猪瘟病毒E2抗原

利用重组PCR技术将猪瘟病毒 (CSFV )E2蛋白主要抗原编码区基因 (mE2 )与T4噬菌体SOC基因融合 ,构建了大小为 643bp的SOC/mE2融合基因 ,再将其插入携带T4溶菌酶基因 (e)和(denV)基因的T4重组载体 (PRH) ,构建了重组载体pRsmE2。通过重组载体与缺失突变型T4发生同源重组 ,可将SOC/mE2融合基因整合入T4的基因组中 ,并成功地将大小约 2 1 5aaSOC/mE2融合蛋白展示于T4噬菌体衣壳表面。经Westernblot、胶体金免疫电镜等免疫学检测证实 ,展示于T4表面的mE2融合蛋白具有CSFV免疫学活性。     

禽流感病毒核蛋白在噬菌体表面的展示

利用PCR技术,扩增禽流感病毒（AIV）核蛋白基因片段,将其克隆至pR质粒的T4噬菌体SOC基因C末端获得重组质粒pR—np,以此重组载体转化大肠杆菌Escherichia coli2（E2）,用溶菌酶缺陷噬菌体T4-zl感染重组E2菌,重组载体与缺陷噬菌体T4-zl基因发生同源重组,将np基因整合到噬菌体基因组中,用PCR方法筛选重组噬菌体并命名为T4-zl—np。经Western blot免疫电镜与ELISA检测证实,T4-zl-np表达的NP融合蛋白具有免疫学活性。结果表明,AIV核蛋白成功地在T4噬菌体表面展示,为禽流感防治奠定了基础。     

东北稻田水体噬藻体psbA基因多样性

【目的】揭示东北稻田噬藻体psbA基因多样性,分析其系统进化地位,为噬藻体生态学研究提供数据支持。【方法】采用滤膜分离并浓缩噬体、PCR-克隆测序技术对我国东北稻田水体中噬藻体psbA基因进行调查。【结果】在东北稻田水体中共得到17条来自于噬藻体的psbA基因,经系统进化分析表明,我国东北稻田具有新的噬藻体的类群,与日本稻田生态系统中psbA基因类群相比,两地间噬藻体类群存在显著的差异,稻田水体中噬藻体psbA基因类群有别于海洋、湖泊类群。【结论】采用PCR-克隆测序技术以psbA基因为分子标记首次对我国东北稻田水体噬藻体类群进行调查,发现有新的噬藻体类群。     

一株新分离的肠杆菌噬菌体的快速遗传鉴定及其宿主识别基因的快速克隆

以大肠杆菌8099为宿主自医院污水中分离出一株肠杆菌噬菌体IME08,其遗传物质经RNA酶、DNA酶处理证实其为DNA,用限制性内切酶处理该DNA证实其为双链DNA。利用随机引物PCR技术扩增并克隆该噬菌体基因组的随机片段,经测序后同源比对,判断该噬菌体是一株新的T4-like噬菌体。根据4株T4-like噬菌体 (T4,JS98,T2及K3) 宿主识别基因 (g37) 5'端的高度保守序列,采用随机PCR与巢式PCR结合的“基因组跳跃”策略快速克隆出了该噬菌体的宿主识别基因g37和g38。     

T4病毒研究进展

T4病毒科由一类单股正链RNA病毒组成,分为松天蛾β样病毒属和松天蛾ω样病毒属。这2个属的病毒具有不同的基因组结构,β样病毒含单组分基因组,其结构蛋白由一亚基因组RNA表达; 而ω样病毒含双组分基因组,2个RNA分子分别编码复制酶蛋白和结构蛋白。在T4病毒基因组RNA 3′端有类似tRNA的二级结构。ω样病毒壳蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性高达66%～86%, 而β样病毒壳蛋白的氨基酸同源性则要低得多。在昆虫细胞中表达壳蛋白基因时都能形成病毒类似粒子。该文还介绍了T4病毒复制机理以及T4病毒与其他病毒的进化关系。     

Chaperonin-mediated folding of bacteriophage T4 major capsid protein. II. Production of gene product 23 deletion mutants

Folding of bacteriophage T4 major capsid protein, gene product 23 (534 a.a.), is aided by two proteins: E. coli GroEL chaperonin and viral gp31 co-chaperonin. In the present work a set of mutants with extensive deletions inside gene 23 using controlled digestion with Bal31 nuclease has been constructed. Proteins with deletions were co-expressed from plasmid vectors with phage gp31 co-chaperonin. Deletions from 8 to 33 a.a. in the N-terminal region of the gp23 molecule covering the protein proteolytic cleavage site during capsid maturation have no influence on the mutants' ability to produce in E. coli cells proteins which form regular structures—polyheads. Deletions in other regions of the polypeptide chain (187-203 and 367-476 a.a.) disturb the correct folding and subsequent assembly of gp23 into polyheads.     

Diversity of the major capsid genes (g23) of T4-like bacteriophages in the eutrophic Lake Kotokel in East Siberia, Russia

Numerous studies revealed high diversity of T4-like bacteriophages in various environments, but so far, little is known about T4-like virus diversity in freshwater bodies, particularly in eutrophic lakes. The present study was aimed at elucidating molecular diversity of T4-like bacteriophages in eutrophic Lake Kotokel located near Lake Baikal by partial sequencing of the major capsid genes (g23) of T4-like bacteriophages. The majority of g23 fragments from Lake Kotokel were most similar to those from freshwater lakes and paddy fields. Despite the proximity and direct water connection between Lake Kotokel and Lake Baikal, g23 sequence assemblages from two lakes were different. UniFrac analysis showed that uncultured T4-like viruses from Lake Kotokel tended to cluster with those from the distant lake of the same trophic status. This fact suggested that the trophic conditions affected the formation of viral populations, particularly of T4-like viruses, in freshwater environments.     

A critical coiled coil motif in the small terminase, gp16, from bacteriophage T4: insights into DNA packaging initiation and assembly of packaging motor

Double-stranded DNA packaging in bacteriophages is driven by one of the most powerful force-generating molecular motors reported to date. The phage T4 motor is composed of the small terminase protein, gpl6 (18kDa), the large terminase protein, gp17 (70kDa), and the dodecameric portal protein gp20 (61kDa). gp16, which exists as an oligomer in solution, is involved in the recognition of the viral DNA substrate, the very first step in the DNA packaging pathway, and stimulates the ATPase and packaging activities associated with gp17. Sequence analyses using COILS2 revealed the presence of coiled coil motifs (CCMs) in gp16. Sixteen T4-family and numerous phage small terminases show CCMs in the corresponding region of the protein, suggesting a common structural and functional theme. Biochemical properties such as reversible thermal denaturation and analytical gel filtration data suggest that the central CCM-1 is critical for oligomerization of gp16. Mutations in CCM-1 that change the hydrophobicity of key residues, or pH 6.0, destabilized coiled coil interactions, resulting in a loss of gp16 oligomerization. The gp16 oligomers are in a dynamic equilibrium with lower M(r) intermediate species and monomer. Monomeric gp16 is unable to stimulate gp17-ATPase, an activity essential for DNA packaging, while conversion back into oligomeric form restored the activity. These data for the first time defined a CCM that is critical for structure and function of the small terminase. We postulate a packaging model in which the gp16 CCM is implicated in the regulation of packaging initiation and assembly of a supramolecular DNA packaging machine on the viral concatemer.     

Genetic diversity in merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1 and MSP-2 genes of Plasmodium falciparum in a major endemic region of Iran

Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) and merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) were used to develop vaccines and to investigate the genetic diversity in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Iran. Nested polymerase chain reaction amplification was used to determine polymorphisms of block 2 of the MSP-1 and the central domain of MSP-2 genes. A total of 67 microscopically positive P. falciparum infected individuals from a major endemic region, southeast Iran, were included in this trial. Nine alleles of MSP-1 and 11 alleles of MSP-2 were identified. The results showed that amplified product from these surface antigen genes varied in size and there was specific pattern for each isolate. Besides, regarding this pattern, 23 multiple infections with at least 2 alleles were observed. While the endemic regions of malaria in Iran is classified in low to moderate group, but extensive polymorphism was observed for each marker and the MSP-2 central repeat was the most diverse that could be considered in designing malaria vaccine.