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环志是研究鸟类迁徙最简单有效的科学方法。中国从１９８２年开始建立全国鸟类环志中心以来,在林业部的领导下至１９９０年先后建立了候鸟环志站、点６０处,共计环志了候鸟１８６种６２７５５只,同期回收到国内外环志鸟４１３只。回收环志鸟提供了东亚地区候鸟迁徙的宝贵信息,证实了：１．候鸟迁徙可自喜马拉雅山脉飞越;２．中国候鸟迁徙路线和推论是正确的;３．中国东北繁殖的白枕鹤飞往日本九洲南部越冬,丹顶鹤等迁往东部沿海、长江中下游几处湿地越冬,与来自俄罗斯西伯利亚的部分鹤在相同地区越冬;４．某些鸟种迁徙路线在与日本同种候鸟迁徙路线比较后,表明在西太平洋地区,通过中国和日本存在着两条平行的自南向北迁徙的路线。其他信息也指出了更多的情况,同时也表明中国环志研究在西太平洋迁徙候鸟研究中处于关键性的地位。 相似文献
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黑龙江省嫩江高峰林区2004年度鸟类环志监测报告 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
2004年在黑龙江省嫩江县高峰林场开展了鸟类环志研究工作,共环志鸟类100种22 194只,其中春季84种10 256只,秋季82种11 938只,隶属10目30科。春季以棕眉山岩鹨(Prunella montanella)、田(Emberiza rustica)、红胁蓝尾鸲(Tarsiger cyanurus)、燕雀(Fringilla montifringilla)、小(E.pusilla)、黄眉柳莺(Phylloscopus inornatus)、栗(E.rutila)等7种为迁徙鸟类的优势种(数量大于500只),环志7534只,占春季环志数量的73.5%;秋季以黄眉柳莺、燕雀、田、银喉长尾山雀(Aegithalos caudatus)、黄雀(Carduelis spinus)、白腰朱顶雀(C.flammea)等6种为迁徙鸟类的优势种,环志8764只,占秋季环志数量的73.4%;通过环志,发现两种黑龙江省鸟类新记录———姬鹬(Lymnocryptes minimus)、棕眉柳莺(P.armandi-i),高峰林场环志的白腰朱顶雀、红喉姬(Ficedula parva)分别被挪威、俄罗斯回收。这是欧洲国家... 相似文献
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2002～2005年在吉林省珲春市马川子乡依力南沟开展了鸟类环志研究工作。这里为长白山低山丘陵区,是候鸟经长白山脉、乌苏里江迁徙途中重要的停歇地和食物补给站。4年共环志鸟类126种63386只,其中春季103种9761只,秋季113种53625只,隶属13目37科。春季以黄喉鸦（Emberiza elegans）为迁徙鸟类的优势种,环志2467只,占春季环志数量的25．3％;秋季以黄喉鸦、红胁蓝尾鸲（Tarsiger cyanurus）、黄眉柳莺（Phylloscopus inornatus）、大山雀（Parus major）、白眉鸦（E.tristrami）、极北柳莺（P.borealis）等6种为迁徙鸟类的优势种,累计33586只,占秋季环志数量的62．6％;通过环志研究发现,被认为是留鸟的大山雀、银喉长尾山雀（Aeghhalos caudatus）、沼泽山雀（P.palustris）、长尾雀（Uragus sibiricus）具有定期的迁徙行为。 相似文献
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利用林鹳11个微卫星位点的引物对东方白鹳进行交叉扩增。经过PCR体系的优化,在11个位点中有6个得到清晰的扩增条带,其余5位点得不到确切的扩增产物。对上述6个位点的扩增产物进行克隆测序分析,发现其中4个位点上的扩增产物含有微卫星重复序列,而另外两个位点中无重复单元。通过基因分型对上述4个微卫星位点进行多态性分析后发现其中的WSμ13,WSμ17位点分别为高度多态和中度多态位点,而另外两个位点则无多态性。同时还对影响交叉扩增结果成功率及微卫星位点多态性的因素进行了分析和总结。 相似文献
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Alessandra M. Tomasulo‐Seccomandi Nancy A. Schable A. Lawrence Bryan I. Lehr Brisbin Silvia N. Del Lama Travis C. Glenn 《Molecular ecology resources》2003,3(4):563-566
We isolated 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci for wood stork (Mycteria americana). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and conditions are described for the amplification of five dinucleotide, one trinucleotide and five tetranucleotide microsatellite loci. The PCR primers were tested on two wood stork populations, Fazenda Ipiranga, Mato Grosso, Brazil (n = 11) and Tamiami West, Everglades, Florida, USA (n = 20). The primers yielded two to four alleles per locus, an observed heterozygosity of 0.0–0.727 and a polymorphic information content of 0.048–0.604. The low level of polymorphism for these markers is consistent with previous studies of this species. 相似文献
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Luis Gimenez 《Ecography》2019,42(4):643-657
Dispersal and migration can be important drivers of species distributions. Because the paths followed by individuals of many species are curvilinear, spatial statistical models based on rectilinear coordinates systems would fail to predict population connectivity or the ecological consequences of migration or species invasions. I propose that we view migration/dispersal as if organisms were moving along curvilinear geometrical objects called smooth manifolds. In that view, the curvilinear pathways become the ‘shortest realised paths’ arising from the necessity to minimise mortality risks and energy costs. One can then define curvilinear coordinate systems on such manifolds. I describe a procedure to incorporate manifolds and define appropriate coordinate systems, with focus on trajectories (1D manifolds), as parts of mechanistic ecological models. I show how a statistical method, known as ‘manifold learning’, enables one to define the manifold and the appropriate coordinate systems needed to calculate population connectivity or study the effects of migrations (e.g. in aquatic invertebrates, fish, insects and birds). This approach may help in the design of networks of protected areas, in studying the consequences of invasion, range expansions, or transfer of parasites/diseases. Overall, a geometrical view to animal movement gives a novel perspective to the understanding of the ecological role of dispersal and migration. 相似文献
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Widespread Indo-Pacific Shore-fish Species: A Challenge for Taxonomists, Biogeographers, Ecologists, and Fishery and Conservation Managers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many shore-fish species are currently considered to have wide distributions; for example, perhaps as many as half of all Indo-Pacific reef-fish species have distributions that span or even extend beyond the Indo-West Pacific. However, wide distributions of some and perhaps many species may be an artefact, reflecting taxonomic practice and understanding. The reappraisal of widespread species represents a daunting task for taxonomists, particularly given the current trend of ever-reducing support for systematic ichthyology. Our poor understanding of widespread shore-fish species has serious implications for cladistic biogeographers, ecologists, fishery and conservation managers. 相似文献
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The first chromosomal data in Hoplosternum littorale from an isolated South American drainage in north-eastern Brazil are presented. All specimens were characterized by a diploid number (2n) of 60 chromosomes divided into three metacentric, one submetacentric and 26 acrocentric pairs; single nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) on the sixth pair; centromeric and interstitial heterochromatin; GC-rich sites on four large acrocentric chromosomes, including the NOR-bearing pair, and 5S ribosomal genes at terminal region on short arms of two acrocentric pairs. These data are invariably similar to previous reports in H. littorale from distant localities throughout South America, which contrasts with the chromosomal diversity of Callichthyidae and reinforces the role of human activities on the dispersal and colonization of this fish. 相似文献
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Luca Montana;Trevor T. Bringloe;Audrey Bourret;Caroline Sauvé;Arnaud Mosnier;Steven H. Ferguson;Lianne Postma;Véronique Lesage;Cortney A. Watt;Mike O. Hammill;Geneviève J. Parent; 《Evolutionary Applications》2024,17(12):1-20
Effective conservation strategies inherently depend on preserving populations, which in turn requires accurate tools for their detection. Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) inhabit the circumpolar Arctic and form discrete summer aggregations. Previous genetic studies using mitochondrial and microsatellite loci have delineated distinct populations associated to summer aggregations but the extent of dispersal and interbreeding among these populations remains largely unknown. Such information is essential for the conservation of populations in Canada as some are endangered and harvested for subsistence by Inuit communities. Here, we used reduced representation and whole-genome sequencing approaches to characterize population structure of beluga whales in eastern Canada and examine admixture between populations. A total of 905 beluga whales sampled between 1989 and 2021 were genotyped. Six main genomic clusters, with potential subclusters, were identified using multiple proxies for population structure. Most of the six main genomic clusters were consistent with previously identified populations, except in southeast Hudson Bay where two clusters were identified. Beluga summer aggregations may consequently be comprised of more than one distinct population. A low number of dispersers were identified between summer aggregations and limited interbreeding was detected between the six genomic clusters. Our work highlights the value of genomic approaches to improve our understanding of population structure and reproductive behavior in beluga whales, offering insights applicable to other cetacean species of conservation concern. An expansion of the geographical scope and increase in number of genotyped individuals will, however, be needed to improve the characterization of the finer scale structure and of the extent of admixture between populations. 相似文献
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Hillary L. Thompson Andrew J. Caven Matthew A. Hayes Anne E. Lacy 《Ecology and evolution》2021,11(18):12630
Natal dispersal is a key demographic process for evaluating the population rate of change, especially for long‐lived, highly mobile species. This process is largely unknown for reintroduced populations of endangered avian species. We evaluated natal dispersal distances (NDD) for male and female Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) introduced into two locations in central Wisconsin (Necedah National Wildlife Refuge, or NNWR, and the Eastern Rectangle, or ER) using a series of demographic, spatial, and life history‐related covariates. Data were analyzed using gamma regression models with a log‐link function and compared using Akaike information criterion corrected for small sample sizes (AICc). Whooping Cranes released in the ER dispersed 261% further than those released into NNWR, dispersal distance increased 4% for each additional nesting pair, decreased about 24% for males as compared to females, increased by 21% for inexperienced pairs, and decreased by 3% for each additional year of age. Natal philopatry, habitat availability or suitability, and competition for breeding territories may be influencing observed patterns of NDD. Whooping Cranes released in the ER may exhibit longer NDD due to fragmented habitat or conspecific attraction to established breeding pairs at NNWR. Additionally, sex‐biased dispersal may be increasing in this population as there are more individuals from different natal sites forming breeding pairs. As the population grows and continues to disperse, the drivers of NDD patterns may change based on individual or population behavior. 相似文献
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JOHN H. MATTHEWS SANDRA BOLES CAMILLE PARMESAN THOMAS JUENGER 《Molecular ecology resources》2007,7(5):845-847
Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed from an enriched genomic library of the widely distributed migratory North American dragonfly species, the common green darner (Anax junius). For a group of 22 larvae, these loci averaged 16 alleles, with individual loci ranging from nine to 29 alleles. Observed heterozygosity averaged 0.784 per locus. 相似文献
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Abstract: We captured and radiocollared 57 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) fawns in western South Dakota, USA, during May 2002–2003 and radiotracked them through 15 months of age, by which time all surviving individuals had established a permanent home range. We classified 56% (n = 19) of fawns as dispersers and 44% (n = 15) as residents. Eighty-four percent (n = 16) of dispersers departed natal home ranges in late October and occupied winter home ranges for 102–209 days before dispersing to permanent home ranges during April 2003 and 2004. Dispersal distances from natal ranges to permanent home ranges varied from 6.2–267.0 km. Winter home-range sizes for all individual pronghorns varied from 39.4–509.6 km. Permanent home-range size for all individuals varied from 15.5–166.1 km2. Mean 95% permanent home-range size differed (P = 0.06) between residents (x̄ = 97.3 ± 15.1 km2) and dispersers (x̄ = 48.6 ± 16.0 km2), but was similar (P = 0.97) among sexes. Mean dispersal distance from natal to permanent home ranges was similar (P = 0.35) for males (x̄ = 54.2 ± 21.0 km) and females (x̄ = 26.3 ± 19.9 km). We suggest that habitat quality (i.e., patchiness) and pronghorn density, in part, stimulated dispersal. We hypothesize that as habitat patch size decreases, home range sizes and distance traveled during predispersal and dispersal movements by pronghorns will increase. 相似文献
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The chloroplast genome has been widely used to describe genetic diversity in plant species. Its maternal inheritance in numerous angiosperm species and low mutation rate are suitable characters when inferring historical events such as possible recolonization routes. Here we have studied chloroplast DNA variation using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) with seven pairs of primers and four restriction enzymes in 14 populations of Vouacapoua americana (Caesalpiniaceae) a neotropical tree sampled throughout French Guiana. Population diversity (Hs), total gene diversity (Ht) and differentiation among populations (GST) were estimated using Nei's method as 0.09, 0.87 and 0.89, respectively. This is consistent with the limited gene flow associated with synzoochory in this species. The genetic structure observed in the north of French Guiana suggests that historical events such as contractions and recent recolonizations have had a large impact on the distribution of genetic diversity in this species. 相似文献
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William T. Bean H. Scott Butterfield Craig Fiehler David Hacker Jeanette K. Howard Russell Namitz Brandon Swanson Thomas J. Batter 《The Journal of wildlife management》2024,88(2):e22523
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), a symbol of western North America, experienced diverging population trajectories since the mid-twentieth century, with northern populations showing signs of recovery while those in the arid Southwest have struggled to persist. We conducted a systematic literature review of papers published through August 2023 to understand 3 questions. What are the habitat conditions needed for pronghorn to persist? What management actions can be taken to foster higher quality habitat? Do these actions differ for populations in the arid Southwest compared to their northern counterparts? Although the fundamental habitat requirements for pronghorn persistence have remained constant since the early 2000s, it has become clear that precipitation is a key factor influencing pronghorn populations in the arid Southwest. The precise mechanisms by which precipitation influences pronghorn population dynamics are not yet clear, whether through the availability of free water, by affecting forage quality, or indirectly via predator-prey dynamics. Although range-wide forage enhancement may be impractical, providing additional free water sources could facilitate greater movement, enabling pronghorn to access more and higher quality forage and areas with lower predation risk. To clarify how pronghorn persisted for thousands of years in this harsh environment, we must gain a better understanding of their historical metapopulation and migratory behaviors in the arid Southwest. 相似文献
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Martín Ubilla G. Piñeiro C.A. Quintana 《Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment》2013,48(3):141-149
A new species, Microcavia criolloensis (Rodentia, Caviidae), from the Upper Pleistocene (Sopas Formation) of the northern basin of Uruguay (South America) is described. This species is characterised by an exclusive association of skull and dental state characters. An analysis of similarity including other species of the genus and the related genera of Caviidae was performed. The new species of Microcavia behaved in the phenogram obtained as a discrete unit closely associated to Microcavia chapalmalensis and Microcavia niata. A mosaic of habitats, ranging from open and arid or semiarid microhabitats to fluvial and riparian forests, is suggested here, mainly based on the current adaptations of the genus Microcavia and the records of several taxa of mammals in the Sopas Formation. The geographic area occupied by Microcavia in the Pleistocene was different, with fossil records located more than 500 km eastward with respect to its present distribution. This variation could have occurred as a response to environmental changes in the last interglacial and glacial cycles. 相似文献