农杆菌介导的单子叶植物遗传转化研究进展

根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)Ti质粒转化系统的建立使植物遗传工程进入了一个飞速发展的时期。近年来,发根农杆菌(A.rhizogenes)Ri质粒毛根转化系统的研究十分迅速,展示了美好的前景,农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化已成为目前研究和应用最广泛的系统。但是,农杆菌的宿主范围一般仅限于双子叶植物和一些裸子植物,这就直接防碍着这种比较完善的基因转移技术在单子叶植物,尤其是禾谷类作物转化的应用。本文介绍了农杆菌介导的单子叶植物遗传转化的进展;对扩大农杆菌宿主范围、实现对单子叶植物转化的途径进行了探讨。 (一)农杆菌介导的单子叶植物转化的方法 目前建立的单子叶植物基因转移系统有:(1)农杆菌载体系统;(2)外源DNA     

农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化研究进展

农杆菌介导的转基因方法是目前植物遗传转化的重要方法之一。本文从农杆菌转化原理、菌株比较及载体发展入手,系统讨论了植物转化受体对转化效率的影响,同时分别综述了农杆菌介导转化技术在双子叶和单子叶植物转化应用中的最新进展。     

根癌农杆菌转化单子叶植物研究概况

单子叶植物过去被人们公认公以为难以用根癌农杆菌转化,但最近有了新的进展。本文对用根癌农杆菌在转比单子叶植物方面的研究历史、现状、所取得的成功以及酚类化合物对根癌农杆菌介导的转化的促进作用做了较为详细的综述。     

农杆菌介导的植物基因转化研究进展

农杆菌介导的植物基因转佛当今植物基因转化的主要方法之一,因而深受关注,本文从农力介导的基因转化机理,植物对农杆菌侵染的反应,转基因植物的遗传表达,以及农杆菌对单子叶植物的转化等方面论述了该领域的最新研究进展,并提出了进一步研究的方向。     

农杆菌转化单子叶植物的可能性及问题

本文评述从农杆菌转化单子叶植物的可能性以及农杆菌转化单子叶植物后外源基因表达活性的影响因素,试图对提高农杆菌转化单子叶植物的可能性的途径进行探讨。     

农杆菌介导单子叶植物基因转化研究进展

农杆菌介导基因转化系统是双子叶植物基因转化的普通而有效的手段,其优点倍受重视,近年来又广泛用于曾被认为不在农杆菌宿主范围之内的单子叶植物的基因转化研究,并在很多重要粮食作物上获得成功,例如水稻、玉米、大麦、小麦等。本文就农杆菌转化的优点,转化机理以及对单子叶植物转化的研究进展作一概述。     

农杆菌介导单子叶植物基因转化研究进展

农杆菌介导基因转化系统是双子叶植物基因转化的普通而有效的手段, 其优点倍受重视,近年来又广泛用于曾被认为不在农杆菌宿主范围之内的单子叶植物的基因转化研究,并在很多重要粮食作物上获得成功,例如水稻、玉米、大麦、小麦等。本文就农杆菌转化的优点,转化机理以及对单子叶植物转化的研究进展作一概述     

根癌农杆菌介导法在禾本科植物遗传转化中的应用

在植物基因工程中,农杆菌质粒介导的遗传转化是比较完善与有效的基因转移方法,但在单子叶植物中应用较少。文章介绍了农杆菌介导遗传转化技术在禾本科植物改良中的研究进展,并对此法的应用前景作了分析。     

单子叶植物RNA干扰和过表达Gateway载体的构建

基因枪和农杆菌介导的遗传转化是目前常用的两种单子叶植物遗传转化方法。载体的发展和改良是提高植物遗传转化效率的重要基础,RNA干扰载体和过表达载体是目前通过遗传转化研究植物基因功能的主要工具。Gateway克隆技术是一种基于lambda噬菌体特异位点重组特性的通用克隆技术,该技术可以将大批目的基因方便、快捷地连接到受体载体上。本文利用Gateway技术结合传统酶切、连接方法,构建了适用于单子叶植物基因枪和农杆菌转化的RNA干扰Gateway载体pAHC-PSK-RNAi、pClean-G185-RNAi和过表达Gateway载体pAHC-PSK-OE和pClean-G185-OE,为利用基因枪和农杆菌介导的遗传转化,在小麦和水稻等单子叶植物中进行规模化基因功能研究奠定了基础。     

Ti质粒基因在单子叶植物石蒜和金针菜中的表达

本文报道了用胭脂碱型致瘤农杆菌感染单子叶植物石蒜和金针菜的实验结果。石蒜和金针菜的花茎幼嫩部位被致瘤农杆菌A_(208)感染后,一个月内形成小瘤。纸电泳结果表明,所有瘤组织都含有胭脂碱,证明石蒜和金针菜的细胞可被转化并表达nos基因;本文讨论了致瘤农杆菌转化单子叶植物的范围和筛选方法。     

Transformation of rice mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been routinely utilized in gene transfer to dicotyledonous plants, but monocotyledonous plants including important cereals were thought to be recalcitrant to this technology as they were outside the host range of crown gall. Various challenges to infect monocotyledons including rice with Agrobacterium had been made in many laboratories, but the results were not conclusive until recently. Efficient transformation protocols mediated by Agrobacterium were reported for rice in 1994 and 1996. A key point in the protocols was the fact that tissues consisting of actively dividing, embryonic cells, such as immature embryos and calli induced from scutella, were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium in the presence of acetosyringonc, which is a potent inducer of the virulence genes. It is now clear that Agrobacterium is capable of transferring DNA to monocotyledons if tissues containing competent cells are infected. The studies of transformation of rice suggested that numerous factors including genotype of plants, types and ages of tissues inoculated, kind of vectors, strains of Agrobacterium, selection marker genes and selective agents, and various conditions of tissue culture, are of critical importance. Advantages of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in rice, like on dicotyledons, include the transfer of pieces of DNA with defined ends with minimal rearrangements, the transfer of relatively large segments of DNA, the integration of small numbers of copies of genes into plant chromosomes, and high quality and fertility of transgenic plants. Delivery of foreign DNA to rice plants via A. tumefaciens is a routine technique in a growing number of laboratories. This technique will allow the genetic improvement of diverse varieties of rice, as well as studies of many aspects of the molecular biology of rice.     

根癌农杆菌介导真菌遗传转化的研究进展

根癌农杆菌介导的真菌遗传转化是近年来发展的一种新方法 ,与其它方法相比 ,该方法具有操作简便、转化效率高和易得到稳定转化子等特点。目前 ,在根癌农杆菌介导下已实现了多个属种真菌的遗传转化 ,显示出良好的应用前景。综述了根癌农杆菌介导真菌遗传转化的转化机理和T DNA在真菌细胞中的存在方式等方面的研究结果 ,并展望这一方法的应用前景。     

农杆菌介导玉米遗传转化体系的研究进展

玉米(Zea maysL.)是世界上三大主要粮食作物之一,至今其遗传转化仍比较困难,目前报道有多种成功的方法,其中农杆菌(Agrobactierium tumefaciens)介导法是当前玉米遗传转化的主要方法。本文综述了农杆菌介导的玉米遗传转化研究的发展历史、存在问题和影响因素等,并对未来发展趋势进行展望。     

Transgenic oil palm: production and projection

Oil palm is an important economic crop for Malaysia. Genetic engineering could be applied to produce transgenic oil palms with high value-added fatty acids and novel products to ensure the sustainability of the palm oil industry. Establishment of a reliable transformation and regeneration system is essential for genetic engineering. Biolistic was initially chosen as the method for oil palm transformation as it has been the most successful method for monocotyledons to date. Optimization of physical and biological parameters, including testing of promoters and selective agents, was carried out as a prerequisite for stable transformation. This has resulted in the successful transfer of reporter genes into oil palm and the regeneration of transgenic oil palm, thus making it possible to improve the oil palm through genetic engineering. Besides application of the Biolistics method, studies on transformation mediated by Agrobacterium and utilization of the green fluorescent protein gene as a selectable marker gene have been initiated. Upon the development of a reliable transformation system, a number of useful targets are being projected for oil palm improvement. Among these targets are high-oleate and high-stearate oils, and the production of industrial feedstock such as biodegradable plastics. The efforts in oil palm genetic engineering are thus not targeted as commodity palm oil. Due to the long life cycle of the palm and the time taken to regenerate plants in tissue culture, it is envisaged that commercial planting of transgenic palms will not occur any earlier than the year 2020.     

离子注入水稻愈伤组织提高农杆菌转化效率的初步研究

通过ＧＵＳ报告基因表达的组织化学染色分析,我们发现低能氮离子束注入水稻愈伤组织可显著提高根癌农杆菌介转基因效率,这为克服单子叶植物对根癌农杆菌不敏感性、提高遗传转化效率的研究提供了一条新的途径。     

根癌农杆菌介导的香蕉遗传转化研究进展

香蕉的栽培品种绝大多数是三倍体, 常规育种难度大, 工作周期长, 难以采用传统的育种方法进行遗传改良, 因此转基因技术成为改良香蕉种质的有效方法。根癌农杆菌介导的香蕉的遗传转化从20世纪90年代起取得的了较大的进步, 但仍然存在着很多问题。文章分析了影响农杆菌介导香蕉转化的几个重要环节, 并对其研究现状、存在的问题及应用前景作简要概述。