桃花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长特性研究

采用花粉离体萌发法研究不同培养基组分和培养条件对桃花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,同时对不同贮藏温度下的桃花粉寿命进行研究.结果表明:固体培养基与液体培养基对桃的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度影响差异不显著;10%蔗糖是大多数桃品种花粉的最适萌发条件;硼能提高桃花粉的萌发率,但对花粉管的生长没有促进作用;桃花粉在20℃～25℃的培养温度下萌发率最高,花粉管最长;桃花粉萌发率和花粉管长度在培养前3 h内上升最快,3～5 h上升趋势减弱,5 h后基本停止;随着贮藏温度的升高和贮藏时间的延长,花粉生活力呈降低的趋势.     

不同培养条件对黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

以黄连木花粉为试材,采用离体培养法研究了培养基组分和植物生长调节物质对黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响.结果表明:花粉萌发和花粉管生长的适宜蔗糖浓度为15%,适宜培养温度为25℃;该培养条件下,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度分别达最大值63.3%和412.1 μm.硼酸、赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)在一定浓度范围内,可以促进黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长,浓度过高时起抑制作用;最适宜黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长的硼酸浓度、赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)浓度分别为100、50和15 mg/L.     

The in vitro Germination of Pollen of Setaria sphacelata

The effects of various substances upon germination and tube growth of pollen of Setaria sphacelata were investigated in hanging-drop culture. Both sucrose (0.6–0.7 M) and boron (1–5 ppm, as borate) are essential for germination. Comparable results were obtained with boric acid, sodium tetraborate and tri-n-butyl borate as boron sources, but sodium tetraphenylboron was inhibitory. Good germination and growth were obtained with raffinose and cellobiose, alone or in combination with sucrose (total 0.5 M); 0.25 M rhamnose, lactose and glycerol were without effect, and xylose, galactose and glucose were slightly inhibitory in the presence of 0.25 M sucrose; 0.25 M arabinose, fructose, mannose, sorbose, maltose, mannitol and sorbitol completely inhibited germination, even in the presence of 0.25 M sucrose. IAA and GA (0.01–10 ppm) could not replace or supplement the effects of borate on germination and growth, indicating the pollen to be self-sufficient in this respect. Riboflavin (0.1–10 ppm) and calcium pantothenate (1–100 ppm) stimulated germination and growth, whereas 0.01–10 ppm of thiamine, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid and ascorbic acid were generally without effect. Although copper sulphate, manganese sulphate, zinc sulphate and ammonium molybdate could not replace boric acid, 1.0 ppm of copper, manganese and zinc stimulated germination and growth in the presence of boron. In no instance were tubes found comparable in length to those required for fertilisation in vivo. It was concluded that the pollen probably requires a complex mixture of substances, including sucrose and borate, before this can be achieved in vitro.     

应用水稻花粉离体萌发体系观察花粉管内微丝分布

采用非固定、DMSO渗透和异硫氰酸标记的鬼笔环肽（FITC—Ph）染色方法,观察水稻花粉离体萌发过程中花粉管内肌动蛋白微丝的形态和分布。结果表明：（1）水稻花粉水合2min后即可萌发,花粉管生长速度在600～1500μm／h之间。（2）水合而未萌发的花粉粒中,大量较短的梭形微丝束构成微丝网络结构,萌发过程中花粉粒内的梭形微丝束松解,部分微丝转移至萌发的花粉管内沿花粉管纵轴呈束状结构;随着花粉管的伸长,微丝束主要分布在花粉管中前端,但在花粉管顶端区域始终未见明显的微丝束。（3）水合后不能正常萌发的花粉粒内肌动蛋白微丝呈弥散不规则分布,在相同萌发时间生长迟缓的花粉管中,微丝束较少,且主要位于花粉管近萌发孔的部位。表明微丝骨架的形态和分布影响水稻花粉管的萌发和生长。     

小果短柱茶花粉离体培养系统的研究

山茶的短柱茶组是优良种质资源,有必要对小果短柱茶(Camellia confusa Chang 1941)的花粉萌发和花粉管生长的生理特性进行研究.本文研究了花粉生活力、培养温度及pH对小果短柱茶花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响.结果表明:最适离体萌发培养基为5%蔗糖、0.003%的硼酸,0.005%的氯化钙和12%的PEG...     

Effect of Pollen Protein Diffusates on Germination of Eluted Pollen Samples of Petunia hybrida in vitro

Germination in vitro of pollen grains of Petunia hybrida L.is sharply reduced by brief elution with cold distilled water.If eluted substances are added back to eluted pollen germinatingin vitro, the germination capacity is significantly restored.A heat-labile protein fraction (50000–100000 daltons)is responsible for restoring the germination ability. Petunia hybrida L, pollen, protein, diffusates, germination     

金银忍冬花粉离体萌发初探

以金银忍冬[Loniceramaackü(Rupr.)Maxim.]为试材,研究了不同种类糖、硼酸、钙离子、pH值、光照等单因子对花粉萌发的影响.结果表明,培养基中分别含有25%的蔗糖、0.01%的硼离子、0.02%～0.05%的钙离子以及pH6.7时较适合金银忍冬的花粉萌发,萌发率分别为85.63%、59.23%、78.12%和75.27%;培养基中不同种类的糖对花粉萌发的影响不同,以乳糖最适宜,其次是葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖;在光照(0.5625 μmol m-2s-1)与黑暗下培养,金银忍冬花粉的萌发率没有明显的变化,但黑暗条件更利于花粉管的生长.金银忍冬花粉在含有25%蔗糖、0.01%硼离子、0.02%钙离子、pH为6.7的培养基上光照培养3 d,其花粉萌发率均达到80%以上,最高的萌发率可达88.1%.     

The Germination of Vinca rosea L. Pollen Grains and the Growth of the Pollen Tubes in vitro

The effect of medium concentration, pollen grain concentration, pH of the media, light and temperature on the germination of Vin ca rosea pollen grains, and the growth of their pollen tubes in vitro have been studied. The pollen grains germinate best at a sucrose concentration between 14.2% and 30%; when the pollen grain concentration exceeds 800 per 0.0234 ml; at near neutral pH (6.5); in darkness and at a temperature close to 30°. Moreover buffering ions affect the growth of the pollen tubes. Pollen grains remain viable in a wide range of temperatures, and the wall of the pollen grain is capable of withstanding severe osmotic imbalance. Low temperature induces spherical swellings at the tips of the pollen tubes, followed by accumulation of a hyaline plug.     

钙调素对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的效应

牛脑和玉米胚ＣａＭ能显著促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长（图１）,而ＣａＭ抑制剂ＴＦＰ、ＣＰＺ及另外两个专一性更强的抑制剂Ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ４８／８０和Ｗ７均严重抑制甚至阻止花粉的萌发（图２,３）。用对ＣａＭ亲和性较低的Ｗ７同系物Ｗ５,在与Ｗ７同样浓度下,对花粉萌发和花粉管生长无明显影响。此外,Ｗ７对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的抑制效应可被外源ＣａＭ所消除（图４）。在花粉萌发过程中,其内源ＣａＭ含量显著上升,在花粉萌发率接近最大值时,花粉ＣａＭ含量达最高水平（图５）。上述结果表明ＣａＭ对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的调控起重要作用。     

云南含笑花粉萌发研究

应用离体培养和人工授粉的方法对云南含笑花粉的萌发进行了研究。栽培和野生云南含笑花粉的萌发率有很大的差异,分别为20％和90％。首次报道了云南含笑的花粉粒在离体培养基上萌发2条花粉管的现象。云南含笑花粉在灰岩含笑花柱头上的萌发率和萌发时间与离体培养基上的相同,表明灰岩含笑的柱头对云南含笑的花粉没有排异现象。     

On the Control of the Population Effect on in vitro Assays of Pollen Germination

Assays on pollen of several species have been made in orderto study the distribution of grains in a basal medium for culturein vitro. The hanging drop technique has been chosen for theanalysis. The characteristics of the distribution of pollengrains seen under the microscope on the projected area of thedrop have been described also through the construction and applicationof a physical theoretical model. Both systematic tendenciesand erratic components have been illustrated as well as thederived complex influence of the ‘population effect’upon the germination rate. There are indications regarding acorrect statistical analysis of the results in order to obtainunambiguous comparisons of the effects of different treatmentsapplied to the pollen.     

凯特杏花粉的离体培养及影响因子分析

采用离体培养法,在不同培养基组分含量、pH值、温度及植物生长调节物质的培养条件下,对凯特杏(Prunus armeniacaL.cv Katy)花粉的离体萌发和花粉管生长状况进行观察研究。结果表明:(1)凯特杏花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长的适宜培养基为20%蔗糖 0.04%硼酸 0.01?Cl2,最适pH为6.0,最适温度为20℃,培养20 h后,花粉的萌发率达68.76%,花粉管长度达1 083.53μm。(2)不同植物生长调节物质对花粉萌发和花粉管生长作用不同,赤霉素浓度为5~8 mg/L、矮壮素浓度为10~150 mg/L、多效唑浓度为5~10 mg/L时对凯特杏花粉萌发和花粉管生长都有促进作用,但国光丁酰肼对凯特杏花粉萌发和花粉管生长均有抑制作用。     

果梅花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长特性研究

研究了果梅(Prunus mumeSieb.1et Zucc.)花粉在不同培养基组分、花粉不同培养密度和不同温度及培养时间的离体萌发和花粉管生长特性.结果表明:细叶青花粉萌发及花粉管生长最适宜的液体培养基为30mmol/L MES(pH 6.5)缓冲液中含20%蔗糖,0.01%硼酸,20%PEG-4000,0.03?(NO3)2?4H2O,0.02%Mg-SO4?7H2O;萌发率达45.03%,花粉管长度达597.2μm.适宜于果梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的花粉粒密度为20~80粒/μL.培养温度过高或过低都不利于果梅花粉的萌发和生长,25℃时花粉萌发和花粉管生长最好.细叶青"、月世界"、莺宿"3个品种的平均萌发率为48.6%,平均花粉管长度为762.3μm.果梅花粉在不同培养温度下,萌发及生长不同,在25℃条件下花粉管生长速度最快,集中在0~12 h内,3个品种花粉管平均生长速度为58.5μm/h.     

Nucleotide Metabolism during Pine Pollen Germination

The metabolism of purine- and pyrimidine nucleotides in pine pollen (Pinus mugo) grown in suspension cultures have been examined. In the ungerminated dehydrated pollen, the presence of ATP has been demonstrated. Incubation of the pollen in a germination medium leads to an exhaustion of the ATP pool, which is restored with the onset of oxygen uptake. By labelling pollen cultures with ³²P-orthophosphate, it has been possible to quantitate the nucleotide components of the pollen, and thereby to measure changes in the nucleotide pattern at various growth stages. The most marked changes occur during the initial phase of tube growth when a large increase in the ribonucleoside triphosphate and the sugar nucleotide pools is observed. The contents of ATP and UDP-glucose are further increased if starch synthesis is initiated by the addition of sucrose to the culture medium. In order to determine whether nucleotides in pine pollen are synthesized from de novo pathways or via reutilization pathways, from breakdown products of nucleic acids, pollen was incubated with ¹⁴C-labelled precursors of both the de novo and the reutilization pathways. Incorporation experiments established de novo synthesis of ATP and GTP from glycine, and de novo synthesis of CTP and UTP from orotic acid. The operation of pathways for the utilization of exogenous nucleosides was also demonstrated. While uridine, cytidine and adenosine are incorporated into nucleoside triphosphate to a great extent, only minor incorporation of inosine and guanosine is observed. These reutilization pathways might be of importance for the synthesis of nucleotides during tube growth in situ. Addition of inhibitors of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation drastically reduces the level of ribonucleoside triphosphates, indicating a rapid turnover of the nucleotide pool.     

淫羊藿花粉萌发及花粉管生长研究

运用方差分析、多重比较和正交实验方法对淫羊藿花粉的萌发和花粉管生长进行了研究.结果表明:培养基内硼酸、硝酸钙、蔗糖在一定浓度范围内,对花粉萌发及花粉管生长起促进作用,但超过一定浓度时则起抑制作用;镁和钾对花粉萌发及花粉管生长影响不显著.在正交实验中蔗糖和H3BO3对淫羊藿花粉萌发有显著影响,而培养基组分间没有明显的交互作用.淫羊藿最适花粉液体培养基为15%蔗糖 40 mg/L H3BO3 40 mg/LCa(NO3)2·4H2O;在pH值为5.0、25℃和600 lx光照时淫羊藿花粉萌发和花粉管生长最好.     

景宁木兰花粉萌发与贮藏特性研究

以景宁木兰的花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,用单因子与正交试验研究不同浓度蔗糖、H3BO3、CaCl2所组成的基本培养基对景宁木兰花粉萌发的影响,同时探讨不同贮藏条件和贮藏时间对花粉活力的影响。结果表明:景宁木兰在30 g·L-1蔗糖+200 mg·L-1H3BO3+200 mg·L-1CaCl2的液体培养基上萌发率最高(74.56%)。低温条件下有利于景宁木兰花粉生活力的保持,在-80℃条件下,花粉生活力下降较慢,并且随着贮藏时间的增加,经过硅胶干燥的花粉的活力明显高于湿润花粉的活力。     

Sugars in Natural and Artificial Pollen Germination Substrates

The stigmatic exudates and pollen grains of five unrelated specieswere tested for sugars. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose werefound in the stigmatic fluid of Yucca aloifolia L. and glucoseand fructose in that of Oenothera adrummondii Hook. In in vitroexperiments with Y. aloifolia pollen, high germination percentageswere obtained in artificial media containing glucose or sucrose.Fructose, which is present in the stigmatic fluid of the Yuccasp. resulted in high in vitro pollen germination only when borateand calcium were added to the medium. Presence of bound sugarsis indicated in the stigmatic secretion of Citrus aurantiumL. and pollen of the single plant tested germinated at a lowpercentage in artificial sugar media. No sugars were detectedin the stigmatic fluids of Hemerocallis fulva L. and Zea maysL. and in these two species in vitro pollen germination in sugarymedia was negligible or absent. The pollen grains of all five species contain sucrose and thoseof Oenothera and Citrus also reducing sugars.