荆州地区127例头癣的病原菌分析

目的了解荆州地区头癣的病原菌的分布特点。方法对2004年1月~2015年6月荆州地区127例经真菌镜检和真菌培养鉴定为头癣患者进行回顾性分析。结果荆州地区头癣发病率于2006年最高,此后呈波动状态,整体呈下降趋势。共分离出127株菌株,主要致病菌依次为紫色毛癣菌(61.42%)、红色毛癣菌(14.17%)和须癣毛癣菌(11.81%)。4种临床类型依次为黑点癣(57.48%)、脓癣(24.41%)、白癣(17.32%)和黄癣(0.79%)。结论荆州地区头癣以黑点癣最为常见,主要致病菌为紫色毛癣菌。     

20例儿童脓癣临床特征分析

目的 探讨分析儿童脓癣的临床特征,以提高临床医师对儿童脓癣的认识。方法 回顾性分析2017—2022年我院确诊的20例儿童脓癣患儿的临床资料、治疗和预后。结果 20例脓癣中,单发脓肿型17例,多发毛囊炎型3例。19例饲养过猫、犬或兔子,1例有足癣接触史。经口服盐酸特比萘芬片联合口服糖皮质激素和抗生素再辅以外用药物治疗,所有患儿在6～12周内临床治愈。1例有胃部不适,余未见不良反应。3例伴有癣菌疹。结论 儿童脓癣临床表现有时不典型,容易误诊。真菌荧光染色直接镜检阳性率高。脓癣培养的病原真菌以犬小孢子菌最常见,其次为须癣毛癣菌。盐酸特比萘芬片治疗脓癣预后较好,安全有效。     

须癣毛癣菌分类进展

须癣毛癣菌以往被视为单一的菌种,然而随着形态学和分子生物学等试验的研究,逐步探索并明确须癣毛癣菌的菌间分类及有性型的关系.本文综述了须癣毛癣菌在亲宿主性、交配试验、形态学和生理学试验、及分子生物学试验所进行的研究.     

九江及周边地区183例头癣病原菌监测分析

目的 了解九江及周边地区近3年来头癣的类型及其病原菌分布情况.方法 采用回顾性方法对2008年5月～201 1年6月在九江学院附属医院皮肤科门诊就诊的183例头癣患者进行分析.结果 183例头癣患者年龄5个月～71岁,其中2 ～13岁患者164例(89.6％).白癣138例(75.4％)、脓癣28例(15.3％)、黑点癣17例(9.3％).镜检阳性144例(78.7％),培养阳性154例(84.2％).致病真菌主要为石膏样小孢子菌41株(26.6％)、须癣毛癣菌36株(23.4％)、红色毛癣菌33株(21.4％)、犬小孢子菌24株(15.6％)、紫色毛癣菌12株(7.8％).结论 九江及周边地区头癣患者以儿童为主,白癣发病率最高,石膏样小孢子菌占头癣病原菌首位,须癣毛癣菌、红色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌分列第二、三、四位.     

946例头癣病因及发病趋势分析

目的 了解我国华东地区近18年头癣趋势及病原菌分布情况.方法 采用回顾性分析方法 对1993年1月～2010年12月在我院皮肤科门诊诊治的华东地区的头癣患者进行分析.结果 946例头癣患者,男410例,女536例;年龄20d～93岁;784例真菌培养阳性患者中,白癣473例、黑癣216例、脓癣94例、黄癣1例.主要病原菌为羊毛状小孢子菌470株、紫色毛癣菌154株、断发毛癣菌81株.其中,培养出亲人性皮肤癣菌(紫色毛癣菌32例、断发毛癣菌12例、红色毛癣菌8例)的头癣患者与各种动物有密切接触史.本研究显示头癣发病率2001年达高峰之后逐渐下降,但于2010年又出现新的上升趋势.结论 我国华东地区头癣患者中自癣发病率占首位,其主要致病菌为羊毛状小孢子菌.培养出亲人性皮肤癣菌的头癣患者与各种动物有密切接触,提示亲人性皮肤癣菌在人与动物之间有互相传染的现象.2010年新的上升趋势值得我们关注.     

更正声明

本刊2020年10月出版的第15卷第5期刊登的“湖北省及周边地区625例头癣病原菌分析”一文中存在错误,表1中须癣毛癣菌引起两例黄癣,实际为须癣毛癣菌引起的脓癣。经作者仔细核查原始资料发现这两例须癣毛癣菌所致的儿童“黄癣”,临床表现有似黄癣痂样改变,经菌种鉴定为须癣毛癣菌,结合患者有与兔接触史,应诊断为脓癣。黄癣由许兰毛癣菌引起,此两例患者应归入脓癣中。表中脓癣列“12(16.00),4(5.33),39(52.00),4(5.33),13(17.33),3(4.00),0,0,75(14.79)”更正为“12(15.58),4(5.19),41(53.25),4(5.19),13(16.88),3(3.90),0,0,77(15.19)”;黄癣列“1(33.33),3(0.59)”更正为“1(100),1(0.20)”;χ^2值列“93.258”更正为“177.61”。特此更正。     

儿童毳毛内癣16例

目的通过对16例儿童毳毛内癣患者进行观察和分析,探讨其发病的相关因素、常见的致病菌,临床表现和有效的治疗方法。方法收集2014年4月~2015年7月来我院就诊的儿童毳毛内面癣患者,分析患者的一般资料、病史、治疗史和动物接触史等,皮损鳞屑培养并进行形态学鉴定和分子生物学鉴定。患者给予外用特比萘芬乳膏或联苯苄唑乳膏和(或)口服特比萘芬联合治疗。结果 16例患者中15例有动物接触史,14例有既往外用药物治疗史。致病菌鉴定结果为13例须癣毛癣菌、1例紫色毛癣菌、1例犬小孢子菌、1例未生长。16例患者经治疗后均达到临床和真菌学治愈。结论毳毛内面癣主要为接触动物引起,主要致病菌为须癣毛癣菌。及时有效地进行真菌学检查有助于毳毛内面癣的诊断。     

杭州部分地区头癣73例类型及病原菌分析

目的 了解近2年来杭州部分地区头癣类型及其病原菌分布情况。方法 采用回顾性方法对2003年5月～2005年4月在杭州市第三人民医院皮肤科门诊诊治的头癣患者进行分析。结果 73例头癣患者中白癣41例（56．16％）、黑癣23例（31．5％）、脓癣9例（12．33％）,未发现黄癣。51例行真菌培养。主要病原菌为犬小孢子菌22例（43．14％）、紫色毛癣菌17例（33．33％）、须癣毛癣菌8例（15．69％）、断发毛癣菌4例（7．84％）。结论 杭州地区头癣患者中白癣发病率占首位,犬小孢子菌为主要致病菌。     

面癣118例的真菌学和临床因素分析

目的探讨面癣的致病菌、临床特点、易感年龄等相关因素。方法分析本院门诊2012年1～6月的真菌直接涂片镜检发现菌丝或孢子的面癣患者。记录患者的一般资料、有无动物接触史、有无并发其他部位浅部真菌病、用药史。取皮屑直接镜检的同时进行真菌培养鉴定。结果面癣见于各年龄段,在51～70岁之间有一个年龄高峰。分离皮肤癣菌103株,包括红色毛癣菌70株(68.0%)、犬小孢子菌21株(20.4%)、须癣毛癣菌10株(9.7%)、石膏样小孢子菌2株(1.9%)。合并其他浅部真菌病、使用激素类药物、动物接触史是面癣发病的重要因素。部分炎症明显的面癣使用医用拭子取材,可以提高真菌涂片和培养的质量。结论不典型的面癣容易误诊,需要高质量的真菌镜检和培养,降低面癣误诊率。     

湖北省及周边地区625例头癣病原菌分析

目的分析湖北省及周边地区2011～2018年头癣患者病原菌菌种及临床特征的分布情况。方法回顾性分析2011～2018年武汉市第一医院皮肤科门诊及住院部诊断为头癣的625例患者的基本信息及真菌学资料。结果 625例患者中,男性:252例(40.32%),女性:373例(59.68%),发病年龄1个月～84岁。培养阳性:507例(81.24%)培养阴性:118例(18.76%)。致病菌以紫色毛癣菌为主(49.90%),其余依次为:犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌、红色毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、铁锈色小孢子菌、许兰毛癣菌。培养阳性的患者中,成人共有80例(15.78%)。发病人群集中在0～12岁(82.65%),临床上以黑点癣为主(57.99%),依次为白癣、脓癣,黄癣少见。结论湖北省及周边地区头癣患者年龄集中在0～12岁,以紫色毛癣菌引起的黑点癣最常见。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.