一种利用λRed重组技术在杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因组添加标签的方法

在杀鱼爱德华氏菌病原学研究中,在动物中制备杀鱼爱德华氏菌蛋白抗体耗时长,且获得的多克隆或多肽抗体在宿主细胞中特异性差,背景信号强。为解决这一问题,对在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella)中建立起来的λRed基因编辑方法进行调整和优化,建立了在杀鱼爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella piscicida)基因组基因上添加HA标签序列的方法,为使用标签抗体研究杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因功能提供便利。λRed重组系统利用同源线性DNA片段与基因组DNA进行重组。即以质粒pSU315为模板,在引物上引入目的基因的特异性序列,扩增FRT序列和抗生素抗性基因;以获得的PCR产物转化携带pKD46的杀鱼爱德华氏菌,在pKD46表达的λ噬菌体的3个重组蛋白(Exo、Beta和Gam)作用下, PCR产物与杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因组发生同源重组,获得引入了抗生素抗性的靶基因缺失或靶基因携带标签序列的菌株;接着利用pKD46的温敏型特性,消除引入的pKD46;最后向杀鱼爱德华氏菌引入文章构建的表达Flp重组酶的质粒pKD46-flp,在FLP作用下,两个FRT位点之间发生重组,...     

An efficient method of constructing homologous recom binant baculovirus with PCR-amplified fragments

Baculovirus is a rod-shaped virus containing a large circular dsDNA genome with the size of 80—180 kb[1]. Baculoviruses have been used as insecticides for biological control of forest and agricultural pests[2]. In addition, baculovirus is of great interest as it can be used as efficient eukaryotic expression vector[3], surface display vector[4], and gene therapy vector[5]. Till April 2002, the complete genome sequences of 13 baculoviruses have been reported. The functional genomics has now…     

A simple method for multiple modification of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome

We developed a simple method of generating markerless deletions in the Escherichia coli chromosome. The method consists of two recombination events stimulated by lambda Red recombinase. The first recombination replaced a target region with a marker cassette and the second then eliminated the marker cassette. The marker cassette included an antibiotic resistant gene and a negative selection marker (Bacillus subtilis sacB). Since sacB makes E. coli sensitive to sucrose, a markerless deletion strain was successfully selected using its sucrose-resistant phenotype. To stimulate these recombination events, 1-kbp homologous sequences adjacent to the target region were connected to both ends of the marker cassette or connected to each other by PCR. The average efficiency of the recombinations was 24% and 93% respectively. Eliminating the marker cassette with a fragment including an additional sequence, insertion was also possible. This markerless deletion method should be useful in creating a highly modified E. coli chromosome.     

利用Red系统快速敲除家蚕核型多角体病毒orf60基因

用Red重组系统和最近构建的家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)bacmid在大肠杆菌BW25113中快速地敲除BmNPVorf60基因。从大肠杆菌BmDH10Bac中提取BmNPVbacmid,将其电转化到含有质粒pKD46(能表达Red重组酶)的大肠杆菌菌株BW25113中,获得了可用于BmNPV基因打靶的菌株BW25113-Bac。设计一对长63bp的引物(5′端为orf60基因的左右同源臂,长45bp;3′端长18bp,为氯霉素抗性基因(cat)的首尾序列),以pKD3质粒(含cat)为模板,PCR扩增携带orf60左右同源臂的cat,即打靶线性化片段。将该线性化片段电转入BW25113-Bac菌株,在Red重组酶的作用下,线性化片段与BmNPVbacmid中的orf60基因发生同源重组。设计3对特异引物,用PCR方法证明cat成功地替换了BmNPVorf60基因。重组bacmid DNA转染BmN细胞后,Western blot分析未检测到orf60基因的表达。     

Functional expression of the Flp recombinase in Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Mycobacteria contain a large number of redundant genes whose functions are difficult to analyze in mutants because there are only two efficient antibiotic resistance genes available for allelic exchange experiments. Sequence-specific recombinbases such as the Flp recombinase can be used to excise resistance markers. Expression of the flp(e) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is functional for this purpose in fast-growing Mycobacterium smegmatis but not in slow-growing mycobacteria such as M. bovis BCG or M. tuberculosis. We synthesized the flp(m) gene by adapting the codon usage to that preferred by M. tuberculosis. This increased the G+C content from 38% to 61%. Using the synthetic flp(m) gene, the frequency of removal of FRT-hyg-FRT cassette from the chromosome by the Flp recombinase was increased by more than 100-fold in M. smegmatis. In addition, 40% of all clones of M. bovis BCG had lost the hyg resistance cassette after transient expression of the flp(m) gene. Sequencing of the chromosomal DNA showed that excision of the FRT-hyg-FRT cassette by Flp was specific. These results show that the flp(m) encoded Flp recombinase is not only an improved genetic tool for M. smegmatis, but can also be used in slow growing mycobacteria such as M. tuberculosis for constructing unmarked mutations. Other more sophisticated applications in mycobacterial genetics would also profit from the improved Flp/FRT system.     

Flp recombinase transgenic mice of C57BL/6 strain for conditional gene targeting

We constructed an expression vector of Flp recombinase modified by adding a nuclear localization signal. Injection of the expression vector into fertilized eggs of the C57BL/6 strain yielded transgenic mouse lines expressing the Flp recombinase transgene in the testis. We crossed the transgenic mice to reporter mice carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase gene flanked by target sites of Flp recombinase. Examination of the deletion of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene in the progeny showed that Flp-mediated recombination took place efficiently in vivo in FLP66 transgenic mouse line. These results suggest that the Flp recombinase system is effective in mice and in combination with the Cre recombinase system extends the potentials of gene manipulation in mice. One of the useful applications of FLP66 transgenic mouse line is the removal of marker genes from mice manipulated for the conditional gene targeting with the Cre/loxP system in the pure C57BL/6 genetic background.     

利用Red重组系统对大肠杆菌ClpP基因的敲除

利用含有质粒pKD4 6的菌株BW2 5 113,在阿拉伯糖诱导后 ,表达λ噬菌体的 3个重组蛋白 ,宿主菌就具有了同源重组的能力 .设计的引物 5′端有 5 0bp的拟敲除基因的同源臂 ,3′端为扩增引物 ,以pKD3为模板 ,扩增两侧含FRT位点的氯霉素抗性基因 ,将此线性片段电转入具重组功能的感受态细胞 ,利用氯霉素平板就可以筛选到阳性转化体 .再利用表达Flp重组酶的质粒pCP2 0 ,可将FRT位点之间的氯霉素抗性基因删除 .利用该重组系统 ,构建了ClpP蛋白酶缺失的大肠杆菌工程菌株 ,可望在减少外源蛋白的降解方面发挥一定的作用 .     

PCR-寻靶体系构建棒状链霉菌lat基因插入突变的重组质粒pELA

本实验将PCR所得的1.8kb的lat基因片段插入到pUCm-T载体的多克隆位点,得到重组质粒pUCm-T-lat,经EcoRI-HindⅢ双酶切后得到lat基因片段,与经同样双酶切的穿梭质粒pGH112进行连接,得到重组质粒pGH112-lat。将其电转至大肠杆菌E.coli BW25113/pIJ790中得到E.coli BW25113/pIJ790/pGH112-lat。同时,根据棒状链霉菌lat基因的序列及质粒pIJ77(3 pIJ773为可提供阿泊拉抗性的模板质粒)中阿泊拉抗性基因(aac(3)iv)的序列设计一对长59nt及58nt的引物,两引物分别含有20nt及19nt的阿泊拉抗性基因的互补序列和39nt的lat基因两端的互补序列,以质粒pIJ773为模板,PCR扩增得到的产物为两端带有lat基因上下游同源序列的阿泊拉抗性基因,将此PCR产物称为阿泊拉抗性框,将此阿泊拉抗性框电转至E.coli BW25113/pIJ790/pGH112-lat转化子中。在质粒pIJ790的作用下,阿泊拉抗性框中两端的lat基因同源序列与pGH112-lat中的野生型lat基因发生同源双交换,使得阿泊拉抗性框插入lat基因中,得到lat基因中插入阿泊拉抗性基因(lat::apr)的重组质粒pELA。该质粒的构建为进一步构建棒状链霉菌lat基因插入阻断的突变株,从而实现克拉维酸产量的提高奠定了初步基础。     

Marker removal from actinomycetes genome using Flp recombinase

We report here a system for the functional expression of the Flp recombinase in several actinomycetes: Streptomyces coelicolor, S. lividans, and Saccharotrix espanaensis. We have constructed a synthetic gene encoding the Flp recombinase with a GC content of 60.6% optimized for expression in high-GC bacteria. Using the synthetic flp(a) gene, we have removed an apramycin resistance gene flanked by FRT sites from the chromosome of actinomycetes with an efficiency of 40%. Sequencing the region of chromosome showed that excision of the apramycin cassette by Flp recombinase was specific.     

Self-transmissible IncP R995 plasmids with alternative markers and utility for Flp/FRT cloning strategies

The IncP plasmid R995 has been a useful self-transmissible, broad-host-range vector for a number of applications including the recombinase/conjugation-based cloning of large genomic DNA segments. However, R995 derivatives (or related plasmids) expressing a wide range of different resistance markers and Flp recombinase target sites do not exist in the literature. In addition, documented strategies for applying such plasmids in cloning applications that take advantage of conjugation for the convenient isolation and recovery of constructs are extremely limited. Here, we report a new series of R995 plasmids with alternative markers to increase options for applications in backgrounds already expressing resistance to a particular antibiotic(s). These R995 plasmids have been engineered to contain FRT sites that can be used for recombinase-based cloning. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by cloning 20 kb regions from the Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli genomes and by cloning DNA from an exogenous plasmid source. To our knowledge, this represents the first systematic engineering of an intact, self-transmissible IncP plasmid with a series of alternative antibiotic markers and FRT sites.     

Evolution of variants of yeast site-specific recombinase Flp that utilize native genomic sequences as recombination target sites

As a tool in directed genome manipulations, site-specific recombination is a double-edged sword. Exquisite specificity, while highly desirable, makes it imperative that the target site be first inserted at the desired genomic locale before it can be manipulated. We describe a combination of computational and experimental strategies, based on the tyrosine recombinase Flp and its target site FRT, to overcome this impediment. We document the systematic evolution of Flp variants that can utilize, in a bacterial assay, two sites from the human interleukin 10 gene, IL10, as recombination substrates. Recombination competence on an end target site is acquired via chimeric sites containing mixed sequences from FRT and the genomic locus. This is the first time that a tyrosine site-specific recombinase has been coaxed successfully to perform DNA exchange within naturally occurring sequences derived from a foreign genomic context. We demonstrate the ability of an Flp variant to mediate integration of a reporter cassette in Escherichia coli via recombination at one of the IL10-derived sites.     

An Escherichia coli system for assay of Flp site-specific recombination on substrate plasmids

We have developed an Escherichia coli system for testing the behaviour of plasmids carrying target sites for the Flp site-specific recombinase. The E. coli strain BL-FLP is described, which carries a chromosomally integrated bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase gene expressed from a lac promoter, and harbours the plasmid pMS40. pMS40 has the features: (i) it carries the FLP recombinase gene under the control of a bacteriophage T7 promoter, (ii) it confers kanamycin resistance, and (iii) it uses an R6K origin of replication; these two latter features make it compatible with most conventional cloning vectors. Substrate plasmids carrying Flp-recognition targets (FRT) are transformed into BL-FLP, and the consequences of Flp-mediated recombination can be analysed after subsequent extraction of plasmid DNA. We show that this system is capable of base-perfect Flp-mediated recombination on plasmid substrates. We also present a corrected sequence of the commonly used Flp substrate plasmid, pNEOβGAL (O'Gorman et al. (1991) Science 251, 1351–1355).     

肠出血性大肠杆菌毒力相关基因突变株的构建

目的:利用Red重组系统敲除肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的毒力基因espA、espB、espD,构建3株突变株。方法:以肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7为模板,PCR扩增基因两翼的同源序列;将PCR产物插入pEASY-T1载体并测序,将测序正确的上、下游同源序列分步酶切,构建于pUC19-kan质粒上,经PCR获得两端同源序列中间嵌合卡那霉素抗性基因标记的线性片段,利用质粒pKD46介导的重组技术,敲除espA、espB、espD基因,之后转入pCP20质粒以去除抗性标记,最后测定突变株及野生菌株的生长曲线。结果:敲除了肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的毒力基因espA、es pB、espD,获得3株突变株,突变株与野生株的生长曲线相近。结论:为进一步研究espA、espB、espD基因在肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7致病过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

基于λ-Red重组酶系统的Ⅳa2基因缺失及重组腺病毒的包装

本研究用λ-Red重组酶介导的PCR打靶方法缺失腺病毒基因组上Ⅳa2基因的大部分编码序列(1104 bp),并获得一种Ⅳa2基因缺失的重组腺病毒。首先构建PCR打靶的含有卡那霉素抗性表达盒的模板质粒pAK,再以pAK为模板扩增出两端含39 bp同源臂的线性DNA片段;将pFG140质粒及线性DNA片段依次转化到宿主菌BW25113/pIJ790中,通过λ-Red重组酶介导的同源重组获得了缺失Ⅳa2基因的腺病毒基因组质粒pFG140-ΔⅣa2(1104)。酶切及DNA测序结果显示,用λ-Red重组酶介导的PCR打靶方法在pFG140上精确地缺失了预计的Ⅳa2基因3’端的1104bp片段。用PCR方法扩增获得Ⅳa2基因全长ORF,插入表达载体pAAV2neo中,构建成Ⅳa2基因表达质粒pAAV2neo-Ⅳa2。将pFG140-ΔⅣa2(1104)与pAAV2neo-Ⅳa2共转染HEK293细胞,成功地获得了重组腺病毒Ad5ΔⅣa2(1104)。Western Blot的结果表明,Ad5ΔⅣa2(1104)病毒感染的HEK293细胞检测不到Ⅳa2蛋白的表达。本研究建立了一种对腺病毒基因组直接进行缺失操作的λ-Red重组酶介导的PCR打靶方法,并获得了一种IVa2基因大部分缺失的重组腺病毒。