云南丽江的野生花卉资源及开发利用

报道了云南丽江的野生花卉资源的特点,简要介绍了丽江分布的一些著名的野生花卉,分析了丽江野生花卉的开发利用的现状、前景,并提出了开发利用的建议.     

山西珍稀野生花卉种质资源与利用

本文论述了山西珍稀野生花卉种质资源的种类、观赏特性和应用前景,并进一步分析了其生态特点和开发利用途径,为今后山西珍稀野生花卉的研究和开发利用提参考.     

木兰围场的野生花卉资源及开发利用

国家级风景名胜区木兰围场有丰富的野生花卉资源,本文介绍了木兰围场野生花卉的特点、开发潜力及保护,从经济角度和资源的永续利用方面出发,对木兰围场野生花卉的合理开发利用作了初步探讨     

北京山区植被动态及生态恢复的遥感监测

基于北京地区1979、1988、1999、2005和2009年5期Landsat数据,利用基于植被指数的像元线性分解模型对植被覆盖度进行反演,分析了北京山区植被覆盖的时空动态,并通过提取植被退化和修复的区域,研究了海拔、坡度和土壤类型对生态修复的影响.结果表明：1979-1988年,北京山区植被覆盖基本稳定,其后由于社会经济的快速发展,1988-2000年北京山区植被严重退化,2000年以后由于采取多种保护措施,大部分区域生态恢复效果明显,2009年平均覆盖度达到72%,比1999年增加了13%.北京山区植被覆盖变化与地理特征密切相关,土壤贫瘠和坡度较大区域在自然状态下的退化比例相对较高,且退化后不易自然恢复,而低海拔区域受人为因素的影响更大.     

湖北后河国家级自然保护区野生花卉资源

后河国家级自然保护区位于鄂西南湘鄂边界山区,野生花卉资源丰富,有"三峡绿宝石"之美誉.笔者分析了保护区的野生花卉资源现状及其开发利用.重点介绍了各类花卉的生物特性和利用的方法.     

青岛农业大学野生花卉资源利用与创新团队研究进展

青岛农业大学野生花卉资源利用与创新团队是一个以野生花卉资源利用与创新为基本目的的研发集体,同时也是一个高效的科研成果转化平台。该团体以野生花卉资源开发利用为基础,进行基础植物学、发育生物学研究,采用多种方     

邯郸西部山区夏秋季野生花卉资源调查研究

通过对邯郸西部山区野生花卉资源的实地踏查,共统计记录了夏秋季开花的野生花卉40种。在此基础上,筛选出具有较高观赏价值,适于冀南及周边地区园林中试种推广的野生花卉17种,并根据该区野生植物资源现状,提出了保护和合理开发利用的建议。     

南京市野生草本花卉资源调查与分析

南京作为长江中下游的代表性城市,具有丰富的野生花卉资源,但以往针对南京野生花卉资源的研究不够全面。本研究通过对南京地区野生草本花卉分布的重要区域进行实地走访调查分析,结果表明：南京地区具有观赏价值的野生草本花卉共计70科237属430种,其中种数最多的是菊科,唇形科、豆科、百合科、蓼科等12个科,占整个植物区系科数的17.14%,所含属数和种数占整个植物区系的57.81%和62.09%。从科、属的地理成分分析看,该区域草本野生花卉系具有明显的热带亲缘性,同时也具有明显的向暖温带过渡的性质。对其中169种野生花卉采用层次分析法进行综合评价,发现毛茛科、百合科、罂粟科、桔梗科、堇菜科等的花卉开发潜力大,并筛选出可以重点开发利用的优势野生草本花卉包括：白头翁、华东唐松草、毛萼铁线莲、杜衡、鹅掌草、刻叶紫堇、珠芽尖距紫堇、乌头、浙贝母、野鸢尾、半枝莲、马兜铃、野扁豆、白及、寻骨风、千屈菜等。在此基础上对南京地区的野生草本花卉保护、开发利用提出分析建议,以期为长三角地区草本花卉的开发应用提供参考依据。     

广西元宝山自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源

元宝山有完整的亚热带气候垂直带谱自然景观、多种植被类型和丰富的植物资源。对元宝山自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源调查结果表明,本地区有珍稀野生花卉有71科131属170种,其中蕨类植物15科17属20种、裸子植物1科2属2种、被子植物55科112属148种。根据本区珍稀野生花卉的现状与特点,选出25种具有开发前景的珍稀野生花卉,提出园林配置方式,并对资源保护和开发利用提出建议。     

西双版纳野生花卉资源的利用与保护

西双版纳有着丰富的野生花卉资源,它们具有独特的观赏和生态特性,目前大部分尚未得到合理开发利用,同时还存在灭绝的危险。对当地野生花卉资源的分布、特点及受威胁状况进行了探讨,并提出对其合理利用与保护的建议。     

北京地区野生草种资源及其开发利用

本文论述了北京市的野生草种资源及其利用现状,分析了北京市开发野生草种的前景,指出北京市在野生草种的开发利用中,应重点加强野生草种的引种驯化、野生草种的新品种选育,确定野生草种的发展方面,加强宣传,增强人们对野生草种的认识,保护性的开发利用野生草种等工作,使之成为北京市的主要产业之一.     

河南省大别山区百合科野生花卉资源

论述了河南大别山区的12属28种百合科野生花卉资源的主要形态、观赏性状、花色、花期、生境、度园林应用。并分析了河南大别山区百合科野生花卉资源的特点度开发前景。     

云南的高山花卉种质资源及开发利用

由于特殊的自然地理和气候条件,云南西北部的高山区蕴藏着许多极具特色的高山花卉资源,这部分资源是云南野生花卉中最具特色和开发潜力的部分.通过多年的野外调查及引种栽培,对一些重要高山花卉的地理分布、生境、繁殖方法、栽培特性及应用前景已有初步了解,并制定出了野生高山花卉资源保护性开发的策略.     

野生胭脂花(Primula maximowiczii)生长发育和花芽分化研究

以北京东灵山胭脂花自然分布地野生群体中2年生以上植株为研究对象,于2008～2010年连续3年观测了野生胭脂花的年生长发育进程,并采用石蜡切片法制片,通过普通光学显微镜和体视显微镜观察了胭脂花花芽分化和花序发育的过程,以探明野生胭脂花生长发育和花芽分化的规律,为人工栽培胭脂花提供依据。结果显示:(1)胭脂花的年生长发育进程可分为萌芽期、营养生长期、开花期、果实发育期、果熟期、花芽分化期和休眠期等7个阶段;5～9月为胭脂花的生长季,生长环境凉爽,日平均气温为5℃～20℃。(2)胭脂花花芽分化期为7月中下旬～9月上旬,历时约2个月,整个过程包括未分化期、花芽原基分化期、小花原基分化期和小花分化期;花序上的小花由外向内逐渐形成并发育,雌雄蕊的发育从8月中下旬开始到9月上中旬结束;花序发育完全的胭脂花植株进入休眠期,经过当年10月份至来年4月份的低温阶段翌年开花。胭脂花花芽分化进程和外部形态密切相关,可根据植株的外部形态特征快速判定花序发育状况。     

Managed bumble bees increase flower visitation but not fruit weight in polytunnel strawberry crops

Animal-mediated pollination is essential for the production and quality of fruits and seeds of many crops consumed by humans. However, crop pollination services might be compromised when wild pollinators are scarce. Managed pollinators are commonly used in crops to supplement such services with the assumption that they will enhance crop yield. However, information on the spatiotemporal pollinator-dependence of crops is still limited. We assessed the contribution of commercial bumble bee colonies compared to the available pollinator community on strawberry (‘Fortuna’ variety) flower visitation and strawberry quality across a landscape gradient of agricultural intensification (i.e. polytunnel berry crop cover). We used colonies of bumble bees in winter and in spring, i.e. when few and most wild pollinators are in their flight period, respectively. The placement of colonies increased visits of bumble bees to strawberry flowers, especially in winter. The use of bumble bee colonies did not affect flower visitation by other insects, mainly honey bees, hoverflies and other Diptera. Flower visitation by both honey bees and wild insects did not vary between seasons and was unrelated to the landscape gradient of berry crop cover. Strawberries were of the highest quality (i.e. weight) when insect-mediated pollination was allowed, and their quality was positively related to wild flower visitors in winter but not in spring. However, increased visits to strawberry flowers by managed bumble bees and honey bees had no effect on strawberry weight. Our results suggest that the pollination services producing high quality strawberry fruits are provided by the flower visitor community present in the study region without the need to use managed bumble bees.     

Induction of Continuous Tepal Differentiation from in Vitro Regenerated Flower Buds of Hyacinthus orientalis

Continuous differentiation of tepals was successively induced from regenerated flower buds in Hyacinthus orientalis L. cv. White Pearl by controlling the exogenous hormones and explant ages. In 250 days of subculture, each flower bud differentiated an average of more than 70 tepals, with a maximum of over 140 tepals. Studies on the morphogenesis and characteristics of growth and development of the flower buds indicate that the first whorled organ of the flower bud was perianth which consisted of perianth tube and tepals grown at the top of the perianth tube, which is the same as the flower bud of the wild type in H. orentalis. The second and third whorls of the flower bud, which should be stamen and pistil in the wild type, but remained as the tepals in the regenerated flower bud. Growth of the regenerated flower bud was faster in the first several months of culture, then slowed down gradually with time. After 150 days in culture the flower bud growth and organ differentiation became very slow. Other than the tepal differentiation the regenerated flower buds also differentiated at random positions some small flower buds that also differentiated the tepals only. Histological observation revealed that the origin of the regenerated flower buds was jointly participated by some cells in the epidermal and subepidermal layers at the inner surface of the perianth explant, and the inner small flower buds were originated from the meristem which was formed by the transformation of the parenchyma at the base of the very young tepal. The authors also compared and discussed the similarities and differences of the phenotypes between the regenerated flower bud in Hyacinthus and agamous flower in Arabidopsis, from which, they have hypothesized on the role of the hormones in the promotion and termination of the gene expressions by an order of development in plant.     

滇西北野生观赏花卉调查

依据野外调查结果和有关文献资料,运用统计和比较的方法,对滇西北地区野生花卉的多样性进行了研究。结果表明,滇西北野生花卉有83科324属2206种。其中草本花卉1,163种,木本花卉。743种,滇西北特有野生花卉751种,珍稀濒危花卉35种。本文对滇西北地区野生花卉植物的种类、分布、观赏类型、花色、花期、受威胁状况以及特有现象进行了详细地统计分析。发现滇西北地区花卉植物的丰富度依次为丽江、中甸、贡山、德钦、维西、鹤庆、福贡、洱源、大理、兰坪。从垂直分布上看,海拔2400～3000m以及海拔3500m以上的地段花卉植物较为丰富,且特有和珍稀濒危野生花卉植物也较多地集中在这两个地段。按花色紫蓝、橙黄、红、白四大类型分类,则以紫蓝花种类最为丰富(约400种)、橙黄花次之(约230种)、红花较少(约170种)、白花最少(约140种)。     

广东象头山国家级自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源

对广东象头山国家级自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源调查结果表明,本区内有52科68属88种,其中蕨类植物11科11属13种;被子植物41科57属75种,并对其基本组成、多样性等进行分析。根据本区珍稀野生花卉的现状与特点,划分出生活类型,提出园林配置方式,对资源保护和开发利用提出建议。