城市绿化植物对大气污染的响应

研究了19种盆栽于广州市工业生产点(IS)、交通枢纽点(TS)和公园对照点(CS)的木本植物对大气污染的响应。综合污染指数表明3个研究地点2000年的污染程度由大到小的顺序为IS>TS>CS。在污染点生长的19种绿化植物叶片的叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm都有不同程度的降低,细胞膜渗漏率则上升。不同绿化植物对大气污染的响应不同,印度胶树,榕树,黄榕,海南红豆,夹竹桃,山玉兰,灰莉,桃花心木,牛乳树等对工业废气和机动车尾气等大气污染都有较强的抗性,而肖蒲桃,仪花,木棉,朱槿等对大气污染较为敏感。     

14种华南乡土树种对交通尾气污染的光合生理反应

为揭示植物对交通尾气污染的光合反应,对14种华南乡土树种在植物园和道路绿地中的光合生理指标进行比较。结果表明:交通尾气污染胁迫下,越南山龙眼能通过提升气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素含量(Ct)和光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)将其光合能力向上调节; 假鹰爪、红鳞蒲桃、枫香、华润楠、红叶石楠、樟树和九节等7个树种能通过协调Gs、Ct和Fv/Fm三者间的此消彼长,保证其光合能力不明显变化; 山杜英、格木、黄果厚壳桂、胡氏青冈、黄栀子和深山含笑等6个树种对交通尾气污染较敏感,抗污染能力不强,光合能力向下调节。     

广州市大气污染对两种绿化植物叶绿素荧光特性的影响

研究了广州市工业生产区 (CS)、交通枢纽区 (GC)、居民生活区 (GP)和清洁对照区 (BY)等 4个大气采样点栽种的两种绿化植物大叶紫薇 (Lagerstroemiaspeciosa)和白兰 (Micheliaalba)叶绿素荧光特性的差别。综合污染指数表明 4个研究地点的污染程度由大到小的顺序为交通枢纽区 (GC) >工业生产区 (CS) >居民生活区 (GP) >清洁对照区 (BY)。不同污染地点大叶紫薇和白兰叶片的叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ和qP随污染程度的加剧而减少 ,细胞膜渗漏率和qN则上升。白兰这些参数的减少或增加的幅度大于大叶紫薇。用外源NaHSO3 或MV处理这两种植物时 ,细胞渗漏率的增加量和叶绿素含量下降量都是白兰大于大叶紫薇。结果表明绿化植物叶绿体光系统II活性和膜系统完整度的下降与其生长地点污染程度的加剧是一致的 ,大叶紫薇的抗污染能力大于白兰     

广东园林绿化植物对大气污染的反应及污染物在叶片的积累

根据盆栽试验植物生长参数(株高、基径、冠幅、叶面积、新叶增长率和叶片脱落率),生理特性(包括净光合速率、叶绿素荧光特性,叶细胞膜渗漏率和叶绿素含量),植物伤害状况,以及长期生长在野外污染环境中的植物生长及受害状况,评价了125种木本植物对空气污染敏感性的反应。被评价的植物其生长环境为酸雨、硫化物、氟化物和粉尘复合污染的工业点,交通繁忙点和居民点。被评价植物对大气污染的敏感性反应分为3类：1．抗性强有35种;2．抗性中等有41种;3.最敏感(抗性弱)有49种。同时还分析了48种植物叶片中S、F、Pb的累积量。研究结果可为中国热带南亚热带相似大气环境地区建立城市植被和生态公益林提供植物种选择的依据,     

外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下枸杞光合功能的改善

研究了外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下枸杞扦插苗叶片光合功能的影响。结果表明,外源甜菜碱能使盐胁迫下的枸杞叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm、Fm／Fo和Fv／Fo增高,使光合色素叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量明显增加,叶绿素a与b的比值(Chla／Chlb)升高,类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值(Car／Chl)降低,说明外源甜菜碱有利于植物对光能的捕获、吸收、传递和转换,提高叶片的光合活性,降低盐胁迫对植物的抑制作用。     

芳樟不同无性系叶片光合色素含量及叶绿素荧光参数分析

对18个芳樟[Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl]无性系叶片光合色素含量和叶绿素荧光参数进行了测定,并对各参数的相关性进行了分析;基于上述测定结果对供试的18个芳樟无性系进行了聚类分析.结果表明:芳樟不同无性系叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素含量分别为0.60～2.26、0.24～1.15和0.14～0.50mg· g-1,差异较大,部分无性系间叶绿素a和b以及类胡萝卜素含量差异达显著水平;其中,无性系BT2叶片的叶绿素a含量在18个无性系中最高,叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素的含量也较高.各无性系间叶片的初始荧光(Fo)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ电子传递情况(Fm/Fo)、光化学淬灭系数(Qp)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Qy)差异明显,且部分无性系间的差异达显著水平;各无性系间的最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)和荧光下降比值(Rfd)差异不显著.在各叶绿素荧光参数中,Fo与Fm显著正相关;Fm与Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/ Fo、Fm/Fo以及Fv/Fm与Fv、Fv/Fo、Fm/Fo、Qy间均存在极显著正相关,其中Fv/Fm与Fv/ Fo、Fm/Fo的相关系数均达0.98;Qp与NPQ、Rfd呈极显著正相关,与其他参数则总体上呈负相关;Qy与Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Fm/Fo以及Rfd与NPQ、Qp、Qy均存在显著或极显著正相关.采用欧氏距离法,可将18个无性系划分为2类:第1类包含16个无性系;第2类仅包含无性系PC5和WP1.第1类又可进一步划分为2个亚类:第1亚类仅包含无性系BY2;第2亚类共包含15个无性系,其中的BT1与BT2距离最短,光合生理特征最接近.根据研究结果,初步推断芳樟各无性系叶片的潜在光化学活性和电子传递情况共同影响PSⅡ光能转换效率;无性系116、187、BT1和MD1对光能的利用率较高;无性系BT2则具有良好的光合生理性能.     

广东地区三种木本植物抗大气污染能力的比较

研究了工业污染区(佛山市小塘镇五星WX)和相对清洁区(广州华南植物园BG)生长的3种木本植物光叶山矾(Symplocos lancifolia)、银柴(Aporosa chinensis)和窿缘桉(Eucalyptus exserta)叶片对酸碱缓冲能力的差别。工业污染区3种植物的细胞液pH均比相对清洁区的低,光叶山矾与银柴对酸和碱的缓冲能力强于窿缘桉。用外源NaHSO3处理,植物叶片的光合放氧、Fv／Fm、Fv／Fo和ФPsⅡ都有不同程度的下降。其中,窿缘桉下降的幅度最大,说明其抗大气污染的能力不如光叶山矾和银柴,同时也证明了用缓冲能力作为一种评价植物抗污能力的指标具有一定的科学性。     

水分胁迫对牛心朴子叶片光合色素及叶绿素荧光的影响

研究了水分胁迫对牛心朴子叶片光合色素及叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响。结果表明,在长期的水分胁迫中,牛心朴子叶片的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量没有下降或下降不明显。直到处理末期才显著下降;叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm变化不大,在处理末期各处理Fo降低,轻度、重度水分胁迫的Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm升高。说明K期水分胁迫后牛心朴子的光合功能受到影响,但牛心朴子仍表现出较强的适应干旱的能力。     

大气CO2浓度升高对绿豆叶片光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

利用FACE系统在大田条件下通过盆栽试验研究了大气CO2浓度升高[CO2浓度平均为(550+60) μmol·mo1-1]对绿豆叶片光合生理和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明:与对照[ CO2浓度平均为(389+40) μmol·mol-1左右]相比,大气CO2浓度升高使花荚期绿豆叶片净光合速率(Pn)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)分别升高11.7％和9.8％,气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)分别下降32.0％和24.6％,水分利用效率(WUE)提高83.5％;在蕾期,CO2浓度升高对绿豆叶片叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo没有显著影响;在鼓粒期,CO2浓度升高使绿豆叶片Fo增加19.1％,Fm和Fv分别下降9.0％和14.3％,Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm分别下降25.8％和6.2％.表明大气CO2浓度升高可能使绿豆生长后期光系统Ⅱ反应中心结构受到破坏,叶片的光合能力下降.     

短暂低温对佛手光合生理的影响

佛手(Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis Swingle)是一种对冷胁迫较为敏感的观果植物,在生产中普遍存在着冷害影响植物生长的现象.通过模拟浙中地区冬季设施种植中常见的短暂低温弱光条件,研究了佛手叶片的光合生理变化.研究表明,15℃低温即显著降低佛手光合速率、气孔导度,显著提高胞间CO2浓度;引起Fv/Fm显著性下降及初始荧光Fo显著上升的拐点温度为10℃,但延长处理时间至72h情况下,15℃亦显著降低Fv/Fm;低温处理还降低佛手光合羧化效率、最大光合速率,并导致光抑制现象发生时对应光强降低;低温条件下佛手叶片质膜透性及MDA含量高于对照,SOD、POD、CAT等抗氧化酶的活性则呈下降趋势;由此可见,短暂低温弱光胁迫首先是降低核酮糖1, 5-二磷酸羧化酶(Rubisco)等碳固定关键酶活性,引起氧自由基积聚,进而引发光抑制及光合速率的下降.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.