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报道了中国菊科的新归化属种:点叶菊属(Porophyllum Guettard)点叶菊([P.ruderale(Jacquin)Cassini]。点叶菊属原产于美洲,这是本属植物在我国境内归化的首次记录。该种在许多地方表现出入侵性,建议加强动态监测。 相似文献
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《热带亚热带植物学报》2018,(3)
报道了中国菊科的新归化属种:点叶菊属(Porophyllum Guettard)点叶菊([P.ruderale(Jacquin)Cassini]。点叶菊属原产于美洲,这是本属植物在我国境内归化的首次记录。该种在许多地方表现出入侵性,建议加强动态监测。 相似文献
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报道了广东省潮州市韩江沿岸发现的中国大陆一新归化种——假刺苋(Amaranthus dubius Mart.ex Thell.)。该种原产热带美洲及西印度群岛,已经引入并局部归化于欧洲、热带亚洲地区和非洲,在中国台湾已经归化。通过野外调查,获得该种的详细特征与生境等信息,并讨论了与其他苋属植物的区别及其潜在的入侵性。此外,还提供了用于检索中国苋属植物的分类检索表。 相似文献
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T. Olckers 《BioControl》1998,43(2):225-239
The South American tree Solanum mauritianum is a major environmental weed in the high-rainfall regions of South Africa and has been targeted for biological control. Potential agents included five species of the genus Platyphora, which were imported from South America in 1994. Platyphora species associated with Solanaceae reputedly have very specific habitat requirements and host plant preferences in the field. Despite this, host-specificity tests on one species, Platyphora semiviridis, revealed a broad physiological host range. Although laboratory tests showed that P. semiviridis is confined to Solanum species and cannot survive on solanaceous crops outside that genus, it developed on potato and cultivated eggplant (aubergine) as well as on 10 native South African Solanum species. With few exceptions, there were no consistent differences in survival and duration of development on these compared with S. mauritianum. Furthermore, at least six of these non-target species, including potato and eggplant, supported breeding colonies of the beetles in cages. During choice tests in both small and larger cages, P. semiviridis avoided potato but did not consistently discriminate between S. mauritianum, eggplant and six native solanums for larviposition. Despite these findings, P. semiviridis has never been recorded on either potato or eggplant in South America, where it was only observed to feed on S. mauritianum. Although there are several reasons why P. semiviridis is unlikely to attack non-target Solanum species in the field, it will not be released in South Africa because there are other imported agents which have displayed narrower physiological host ranges and which may be more effective. 相似文献
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Volkov RA Komarova NY Panchuk II Hemleben V 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2003,29(2):187-202
The 5(') external transcribed spacer (ETS) region of ribosomal DNA of 30 species of Solanum sect. Petota and the European Solanum dulcamara were compared. Two structural elements can be distinguished in the ETS: (i). a variable region (VR), demonstrating significant structural rearrangements and (ii). a conservative region (CR), evolving mainly by base substitutions. In VR, a conservative element (CE) with similarity to the ETS of distantly related Nicotiana is present. The ancestral organization of ETS (variant A) was found for non-tuber-bearing species of ser. Etuberosa, tuber-bearing wild potatoes of Central American ser. Bulbocastana, Pinnatisecta, and Polyadenia and S. dulcamara. Duplication of CE took place in the ETS of species from ser. Commersoniana and Circaeifolia (variant B). South American diploids and Mexican polyploids from superser. Rotata also possess two CE, and additionally two duplications around CE1 are present in VR (variant C). Three major lineages could be distinguished: non-tuber-bearing species of ser. Etuberosa, tuber-bearing Central American diploids and all South American species radiated from a common ancestor at early stages of evolution, indicating a South American origin of the tuber-bearing species. Later, Central and South American diploids evolved further as independent lineages. South American species form a monophyletic group composed of series with both stellata and rotata flower morphology. Solanum commersonii represents a sister taxon for all rotata species, whereas ser. Circaeifolia diverged earlier. Two main groups, C1 and C2, may be distinguished for species possessing ETS variant C. C1 contains ser. Megistacroloba, Conicibaccata, Maglia, and Acaulia, whereas all diploids of ser. Tuberosa are combined into C2. A closer relationship of Solanum chacoense (ser. Yungasensa) to the C2 group was found. The origin of polyploid species Solanum maglia, Solanum acaule, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum iopetalum, and Solanum demissum is discussed. 相似文献
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The South American tree Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (Solanaceae), a major environmental weed in South Africa and New Zealand, has been targeted for biological control,
with releases of agents restricted to South Africa. The leaf-sucking lace bug, Gargaphia decoris Drake (Tingidae), so far the only agent released, has become established in South Africa with recent reports of severe damage
at a few field sites. To evaluate the insect’s suitability for release in New Zealand, host-specificity testing was carried
out in South Africa in laboratory and open-field trials, with selected cultivated and native species of Solanum from New Zealand. No-choice tests confirmed the results of earlier trials that none of the three native New Zealand Solanum species are acceptable as hosts. Although the cultivated Solanum muricatum Aiton and S. quitoense Lam. also proved unacceptable as hosts, some cultivars of S. melongena L. (eggplant) supported feeding, development and oviposition in the no-choice tests. Although eggplant was routinely accepted
under laboratory no-choice conditions in this and previous studies, observations in the native and introduced range of G. decoris, open-field trials and risk assessment based on multiple measures of insect performance indicate that the insect has a host
range restricted to S. mauritianum. These results strongly support the proposed release of G. decoris in New Zealand because risks to non-target native and cultivated Solanum species appear to be negligible. An application for permission to release G. decoris in New Zealand will be submitted to the regulatory authority.
Handling editor: John Scott. 相似文献
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The pepino (or pepino dulce:Solanum muricatum) is a domesticate, of interest because of its close relationship to tomatoes and potatoes, because it is enjoying increasing exposure in the international market, and because it is a cultigen with no known wild ancestor. Morphologically this South American native is a member of the Solanum sect. Basarthrum, and as such, is allied to a number of Andean wild species. Data from other studies are combined with results from restriction site analysis of chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA to assay relationships and the potential origin of the pepino. The pepino may have existed in the wild previously and may be represented today only by the cultigen. However, if its ancestors are extant, three wild species—Solanum basendopogon (Perú),S. caripense (Costa Rica through Perú), S. tabanoense (Colombia and Ecuador)—emerge as most likely progenitors. Phylogenetic analyses of 61 accessions, including 27 of the pepino, dependent on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and nuclear ribosomal (rDNA) restriction site data show the pepino to be polymorphic, suggest independent origins for some of the cultivars, and most strongly supportS. tabanoense as the progenitor of the cultigen.Solanum caripense also may have been a direct ancestor of the pepino, or may have hybridized subsequent to its origin with the pepino to yield some of the haplotype variation. Similarly, S.cochoae may have hybridized with the pepino. There are no DNA characters supporting the involvement ofS. basendopogon in the origin. 相似文献
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A phylogenetic cladogram for 23 species of genera Solanum and Lycopersicon was constructed based on restriction analysis of 10 amplified regions of chloroplast DNA. Three major clusters were detected. All Lycopersicon species and S. lycopersicoides formed the first group. Second cluster was occupied by S. verrucosum, polyploid species of series Longipedicellata, and all dyploid and polyploid species native to South America. Two diploid series Pinnatisecta and Bulbocastana were grouped together in the last claster. Previous morphological and molecular markers strongly support this type of phylogenetic analysis. Based on presented results it is evident that combination of chloroplast DNA region amplification and restriction could be a valuable alternative to a standard-RFLP analysis. 相似文献
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T. M. Golas R. M. C. Feron R. G. van den Berg G. M. van der Weerden C. Mariani J. J. H. M. Allefs 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2010,285(1-2):103-110
Solanum dulcamara (bittersweet) is one of the few native species of Solanum present in Europe. It is a common weed that occupies a wide range of habitats and is often found in the direct vicinity of cultivated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), where it could transmit diseases. A broad sampling of European S. dulcamara accessions was carried out to gain insight into the population structure and crossing preferences of this species. Three amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP®) primer combinations generating 288 polymorphic fragments were used to analyze 79 bittersweet accessions (245 individuals). Dendrograms revealed a low level of genetic polymorphism in the bittersweet populations, caused partially by the out-crossing nature of this species. 相似文献
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M. Iriti F. Quaglino D. Maffi P. Casati P. A. Bianco F. Faoro 《Journal of Phytopathology》2008,156(1):8-14
Stolbur phytoplasma infection has been reported, for the first time, in a new host, Solanum malacoxylon, growing in the Botanical Garden of Milan University. This shrub, native of South America, synthesizes vitamin D compounds, important for biomedical and biotechnological purposes. Pathogen detection was performed by light and transmission electron microscopy, and confirmed by molecular diagnosis, based on PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) analysis of the phytoplasmal 16S rRNA and tuf genes. By means of enzymatic restriction and phylogenetic analysis on these genes, it was found that the phytoplasma belongs to the Stolbur group, taxonomic subgroup 16SrXII‐A, thus indicating S. malacoxylon as an additional host for this pathogen. Solanum malacoxylon could be then involved in the natural Stolbur phytoplasma spreading throughout South American areas, where this wild plant grows endemically. 相似文献
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JENNIFER M. EDMONDS F.L.S. 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1983,87(3):229-246
Seed coat structure in Solanum L. section Solanum (Solanaceae). Seed coat structure in Solanum L. section Solanum was examined using SEM. The seed coat patterns observed were fairly uniform throughout the section, and thus of little diagnostic use. Moreover, all species are characterized by their seeds being covered by hairlike structures, which are bands of lignified thickening in the lateral (and basal) walls of the outer epidermal cells of the testa, and which only become obvious when the seeds are wetted. The development of the seed coat and its characteristic thickening was followed from the unfertilized ovule to the mature seed in vouchered material of Solanum nigrum L. since this species is the generic type, using sections of freshly fixed material. 相似文献
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Comparative physiological responses of Solanum nigrum and Solanum torvum to cadmium stress 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
? Under cadmium (Cd) stress, Solanum nigrum accumulated threefold more Cd in its leaves and was tolerant to Cd, whereas its low Cd-accumulating relative, Solanum torvum, suffered reduced growth and marked oxidative damage. However, the physiological mechanisms that are responsible for differential Cd accumulation and tolerance between the two Solanum species are largely unknown. ? Here, the involvement of antioxidative capacity and the accumulation of organic and amino acids in response to Cd stress in the two Solanum species were assessed. ? Solanum nigrum contains higher antioxidative capacity than does S.?torvum under Cd toxicity. Metabolomics analysis indicated that Cd treatment also markedly increased the production of several organic and amino acids in S.?nigrum. Pretreatment with proline and histidine increased Cd accumulation; moreover, pretreatment with citric acid increased Cd accumulation in leaves but decreased Cd accumulation in roots, which indicates that its biosynthesis could be linked to Cd long-distance transport and accumulation in leaves. ? Our data provide novel metabolite evidence regarding the enhancement of citric acid and amino acid biosynthesis in Cd-treated S.?nigrum, support the role of these metabolites in improving Cd tolerance and accumulation, and may help to provide a better understanding of stress adaptation in other Solanum species. 相似文献