昆虫纲螳目的研究进展

2002年5月建立的昆虫新目——螳虫脩(Xiu)目在科学界引起了很大的震动。对该目的发现简史、形态学特征、亲缘关系等方面作了较为详尽的介绍,报告了该目昆虫在分类和生物学领域的新进展,给出了完整的名录,并建议了该目的科、属及种的中文名称。该目现已知3科12属共计15种,其中有2个为化石种。     

昆虫界的“四不象”——一新建“螳Xiu目”昆虫简介

该文对2002年5月建立的昆虫新目－螳Xiu目Mantophasmatodea作了简单介绍,并建议了该目之中名。该目是昆虫纲中最小的目,目前已知2属3种,分布于非洲。     

中国扁蜉科二新种记述(昆虫纲,蜉蝣目)

记述采自中国香港的蜉蝣目扁蜉科2新种。根据稚虫和成虫的形态特征,详细描述了中国新纪录属康扁蜉属Compsoneuria 1新种：大埔浯康扁蜉Compsoneuria taipokauensis sp．nov．。该新种的成虫标本由稚虫在实验室内饲养而成。根据稚虫形态特征,详细描述了高翔蜉属1新种：箭鬃高翔蜉Epeorus sagittatus sp．nov．。     

"古翅类"系统发育关系研究进展(昆虫纲,有翅类)

古翅类的系统发育问题是六足总纲中有争议的热点问题之一。对现存古翅类(孵蝣目 蜻蜒目)与新翅类之间的系统发育关系有3种主要观点：古翅类(＝蜉蝣目 蜻蜒目) 新翅类,蜉蝣目 (蜻蜒目 新翅类),蜻蜒目 (蜉蝣目 新翅类)。第1种观点得到化石、形态和部分基因证据支持,第2种观点得到较多形态特征支持,支持第3种观点的证据较少。这一问题的解决有赖于更多昆虫种类、化石以及分子证据的发现和研究。     

中国动物志昆虫纲第51卷广翅目

广翅目是完全变态类昆虫中最原始的类群之一,其形态特征保守,分布格局间断,具有水生和精包授精等生物学特性,在进化上极具特色,其现代区系则为经过漫长进化历史的孑遗类群,占据关键系统位置,因此广翅目的系统分类、系统发育及动物地理研究对于全变态类昆虫的起源演化具有至关重要的意义。中国地域广袤,广翅目生物资源十分丰富,但以往对其系统分类研究     

内蒙古自治区上侏罗统最原始的蠼螋昆虫化石(昆虫纲:革翅目:始螋亚目)

我国上侏罗统牛津阶-基末利阶（163-150Ma)保存有完好的最原始的蠼螋昆虫化石,首次描述,分析和讨论了原始蠼螋后翅脉序特征,认为与现代生存的蠼螋后翅基本相同。因此,提出了与西方某些蠼螋昆虫分类学者不同的意见,认为始螋亚目（Aechidermaptera)应归入于革翅目（Dermaptera)之中,且视其为一个最原始的类群较为合理,内蒙古自治区这个原始类群的下列重要特征皆为首次发现;胸骨具有特殊的形态结构;革翅锁具（Tegmina locking device)和刺脊突（spiny crest)发育;前,中,后足跗节皆为5节;后足基节显著伸长;颈部被划分为前,后两个颈片;革翅后缘收缩变尖,上述5项被视为厚原始蠼螋特有的祖征,下列特征应为早期蠼螋共有的原始性状;虫体扁平,通常具毛;腹部侧缘彼此近平行;触角显长,丝状,多节（通常多于11节）;两只单眼发育;上颚具齿;中胸小盾片显大;革翅较长,通常具有明显的翅脉;股节具隆脊;爪和爪垫通常发育;腹部各节背板与腹板不重叠（两者位置非简单的上,下关系）;尾须柔软,多节,雌性产卵器鞘显著外伸,本文建立了始螋亚目1新科Sinopalaeo-dermatidae和2新属2新种Sinopalaeodermata neimonggolensis gen.et sp.nov,Jurassimedeola orientalis gen,et sp.nov。同时,对蠼螋昆虫的起源和演化重新进行了讨论,做出了与西方某些蠼螋昆虫研究者结论不同的推断。     

白垩纪缅甸琥珀双翅螳蛉科一新属新种(昆虫纲: 脉翅目)

基于三枚晚白垩世Cenomanian期早期缅甸琥珀化石标本,记述了脉翅目双翅螳蛉科Dipteromantispidae一新属新种:卓德曲双翅螳蛉Kurtodipteromantispa zhuodei gen.etsp.nov.。新种与格氏棒翅螳蛉Halteriomantispa grimaldii Liu et al., 2016相似,但以下特征区别于后者:1)前翅无色斑; 2)前翅ScP端部在scp-ra横脉处具明显弯折,不平滑; 3)前翅RP至少具1末端分叉的分支; 4)雌外生殖器肛上板与第9背板融合,第9生殖基节近半圆形,末端无近三角形突起。此外,描述并讨论了新属雌外生殖器的形态结构。     

中国水螅属一新种(水螅虫纲:螅形目)

报道采自黑龙江省漠河地区北极村水螅１新种,即漠河水螅Ｈｙｄｒａ ｍｏｈｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本保存于哈尔滨师范大学生物学系无脊椎动物教学研究室。     

中国水螅属一新种(水螅虫纲:螅形目)

描述采自黑龙江省大庆、泰来和阿城地区的水螅属一新种：大庆水Ｈｙｄｒａ ｄａｑｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ＦＡｎ,ｓｐ。ｎｏｖ．。新种的主要鉴别特征是：构刺丝囊内顶基部具有４．５～５．０圈横向弹簧状缠卷刺丝,较大型的构刺丝囊、粘刺丝囊和卷刺丝囊,生殖期,雄必个体形成数目较多的精巢（１２～１８个）和雌性个全产生较多的卵（４～１０枚）的遗传特性。标本保存在哈尔滨师范大学生物学系无脊椎动物教研室。     

陕西铜川中三叠世中蝎蛉科新化石属种(昆虫纲:长翅目)

新的中蝎蛉科化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠世铜川组下段上部灰绿色泥页岩中,划分为2属2种,其中有1新属2新种：Erdosia pectinata gen.et sp.nov.,Mesopanorpodexs shaanxiensis sp.nov.。这些种类系陕西昆虫群（属陕西生物群的一个化石门类）铜川昆虫组合的新成员。铜川组的时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期（Ladinian Stage）。     

Voluntary progression order in captive rhesus macaques

The sequence in which 14 laboratory rhesus macaques left their home enclosure during a routine catching procedure was recorded on 30 occasions during 6 weeks. The animals were trained to voluntarily exit one by one and enter a transport cage for weighing and/or treatment. Mean weekly exit orders cross-correlated significantly, and individuals retained their exit positions with remarkable consistency throughout the study period. An animal's position did not depend on its sex, age, or dominance rank. The oldest female never failed to enter the transport cage as number 1. When she was prevented from taking the lead, the group was hesitant but eventually proceeded in the usual order. Food was a strong, yet not absolute, incentive for the monkeys to cooperate. If they could not expect a reward, they took more time before proceeding, but did so in the habitual order. The predictability of the exit sequence has practical managerial value because it makes it possible for a single person to quickly catch a selected group member when necessary.     

Prompted progression order in a troop of captive rhesus monkeys

It is a routine practice to subject captive groups of primates to single-file movement; yet no records on the sequences of such progressions have been published. The present study analyzes the progression sequence during prompted single-file movement for the purpose of routine weighing in a captive troop of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The animals had to overcome fear before leaving their home pen; nonetheless, they left in a well-defined, stable sequence. An individual's position in this progression order as well as the consistency with which it retained its place were dependent on its age but not on its dominance status. It was suggested that the monkeys gradually learned with age to master their fear with the prospect of quickly returning to their home pen.     

Neuritin对神经元作用的研究进展

Neuritin作为神经营养因子,可促进神经细胞树突和轴突的生长和分支,以及调节神经元回路的形成,在神经再生和可塑性中起着重要作用.它由一条编码糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定的糖蛋白基因编码,表达产物主要分布于神经系统中,其中以齿状回最高,其次为海马,大脑皮层和小脑.Neuritin作为神经活动和神经营养素发挥作用的共同下游因子,在促进突触成热、防止神经细胞凋亡和保护运动神经元等方面具有重要作用.本文就Neuritin的生物学特性及其在神经再生领域的研究做一综述.     

The control of progression order in a captive herd of sable antelope (Hippotragus niger)

A small herd of captive sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) was observed repeatedly while progressing through a gate connecting a pasture to a corral. The ordinal position of each herd member was recorded during each progression. These data were analyzed quantitatively with respect to three models of progression order control and one of random ordering. An end point-control model, stating that the oldest female of a progression occupies the first position while the remainder of the animals randomly distribute themselves within the progression, accounts for the data. These results are related to both protection and resource learning theories of progression order. The terminology used in the study of leadership and ordinal progressions is discussed as well.     

Pin1促进肿瘤发展相关机制的研究进展

脯氨酰顺反异构酶1(peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1,Pin1)为细胞内主要起信号传导作用的小分子蛋白。Pin1在肿瘤中的异常表达和信号调控促进肿瘤的发展,包括诱导耐药、辅助致肿瘤性病毒感染、参与肿瘤的缺氧代谢和其它信号调控等。本文对于Pin1的促肿瘤发展特点进行简要总结。     

中国人群家族性高胆固醇血症LDLR基因突变研究进展

家族性高胆固醇血症(Familial hypercholesterolemia,FH)主要是由于低密度脂蛋白受体(Low-density lipoprotein receptor,LDLR)基因突变导致的单基因显性遗传性疾病。FH患者LDLR基因突变导致细胞膜表面LDLR减少或缺如,机体代谢胆固醇能力降低,血浆胆固醇增高并沉积在不同的组织和器官,常伴有全身黄色瘤和早发冠心病,因此FH也是最常见的严重代谢性疾病。世界范围内对LDLR基因突变的报道总共有1741种,经整理我国目前报道的140例FH指示病例,包括108种LDLR基因突变类型。文章对已报道的中国FH患者LDLR基因突变特点进行系统分析和综述,旨在为FH诊断治疗提供参考依据。     

血红素氧合酶-1在脑损伤过程中的作用的研究进展

来源于出血后血红蛋白或衰老细胞释放的血红素能够诱导血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1,HSP-1）的表达。血红素氧合酶-1催化血红素生成气体介质一氧化碳,铁和胆绿素。胆绿素和它的代谢产物胆红素都是有效的抗氧化剂;同时铁诱导的铁蛋白和CO也发挥着各自的保护作用。因此,HO-1的表达被看作一种重要的保护机制。在各种不同的脑病理改变发生后,如蛛网膜下腔出血,脑梗死,创伤性脑损伤及神经变性疾病,HO-1明显表达于小胶质细胞,星形细胞和神经元细胞,从而发挥其重要脑保护作用。     

血红素氧合酶-1 在脑损伤过程中的作用的研究进展

来源于出血后血红蛋白或衰老细胞释放的血红素能够诱导血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1,HSP-1)的表达。血红素氧合酶-1催化血红素生成气体介质一氧化碳,铁和胆绿素。胆绿素和它的代谢产物胆红素都是有效的抗氧化剂;同时铁诱导的铁蛋白和CO也发挥着各自的保护作用。因此,HO-1的表达被看作一种重要的保护机制。在各种不同的脑病理改变发生后,如蛛网膜下腔出血,脑梗死,创伤性脑损伤及神经变性疾病,HO-1明显表达于小胶质细胞,星形细胞和神经元细胞,从而发挥其重要脑保护作用。     

The neuronal influence on tumor progression

Nerve fibers accompany blood and lymphatic vessels all over the body. An extensive amount of knowledge has been obtained with regard to tumor angiogenesis and tumor lymphangiogenesis, yet little is known about the potential biological effects of "neoneurogenesis". Cancer cells can exploit the advantage of the factors released by the nerve fibers to generate a positive microenvironment for cell survival and proliferation. At the same time, they can stimulate the formation of neurites by secreting neurotrophic factors and axon guidance molecules. The neuronal influence on the biology of a neoplasm was initially described several decades ago. Since then, an increasing amount of experimental evidence strongly suggests the existence of reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and nerves in humans. Moreover, researchers have been able to demonstrate a crosstalk between cancer cells and nerve fibers as a strategy for survival. Despite all these evidence, a lot remains to be done in order to clarify the role of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and their associated receptor-initiated signaling pathways in the development and progression of cancer, and response to therapy. A global-wide characterization of the neurotransmitters or neuropeptides present in the tumor microenvironment would provide insights into the real biological influences of the neuronal tissue on tumor progression. This review is intended to discuss our current understanding of neurosignaling in cancer and its potential implications on cancer prevention and therapy. The review will focus on the soluble factors released by cancer cells and nerve endings, their biological effects and their potential relevance in the treatment of cancer.