Oct-4/Sox-2 协同调控下游基因表达的分子机制

Oct-4属POU家族蛋白,是一类在动物早期胚胎发育过程中起重要作用的转录因子,参与维持细胞的全能性及未分化状态。Oct-4蛋白的主要结构特征为具有POU家族特有的保守结构域（POUS）和POU同源异型结构域（POUHD）,这两个结构域可与DNA上特定区域形成双向结合,进而对基因转录进行调控。Sox-2是另一种转录因子,其HMG结构域可结合在DNA的特定序列上,并可通过与Oct-4的POUs结构域之间的蛋白质．蛋白质相互作用形成POU／HMG／DNA三元复合体以调控下游靶基因的表达。文章就POU家族成员Oct-4和HMG-box家族成员Sox-2在动物早期胚胎发育中调控部分下游基因表达的分子机制进行了概述。     

免疫球蛋白基因的转录调控

免疫球蛋白(Ig)的表达是B细胞特异性和发育阶段特异性的事件.Oct2、NF-kB和HLH蛋白与Ig基因细胞特异转录有关.Oct2含有POU结构域,属POU转录调控因子家族;NF-kB有rel-like结构域,属rel-like转录调控因子家族;HLH蛋白特征性结构为螺旋-环-螺旋(helix-loop-helix,HLH)结构域,已报道的HLH蛋白都与转录调节有关.     

细菌GntR家族转录调控因子的研究进展

GntR家族转录调控因子是细菌中分布最为广泛的一类螺旋-转角-螺旋(helix-turn-helix,HTH)转录调控因子,此家族转录调控因子包含两个功能域,分别是N端的DNA结合结构域和C端的效应物结合结构域/寡聚化作用结构域.DNA结合结构域的氨基酸序列是非常保守的,但效应物结合结构域/寡聚化作用结构域的氨基酸序列...     

POU蛋白调节中枢神经系统发育

POU蛋白是一组DNA特异的转录调节因子,属同源异形序列超家族.发育过程中,POU蛋白编码基因在中枢神经系统各部位的时空性表达决定神经细胞的发育与分化.     

真菌中锌簇蛋白的结构和功能

锌簇家族蛋白即Zn₂Cys₆类锌指蛋白,是真菌中特有的一类蛋白,它们属于转录因子类,广泛参与真菌中初级和次级代谢、胁迫应答和细胞分裂等生命活动的调控。锌簇蛋白主要包括N端的DNA结合结构域、中间的调节结构域和C端的酸性区域,其中DNA结合结构域包含锌指基序并负责结合靶基因的启动子。目前已经解析了多个锌簇家族转录因子DNA结合结构域的三维结构,并发现该家族中一些蛋白能够参与调控多个基因的表达,但缺乏对其结构、动力学和功能关系的全面分析。本文综合分析了不同锌簇蛋白与DNA结合的结构特征,总结其结构域与功能的关系,指出锌簇蛋白研究的重要方向,旨在为锌簇家族蛋白的深入研究提供思路。     

植物中的Dof 蛋白和Dof转录因子家族

Dof(DNA binding with one finger)蛋白是植物所特有的一类转录因子.其N末端保守的单锌指Dof结构域是既与DNA又和蛋白相互作用的双重功能域,识别的核心序列是AAAG;其C末端氨基酸序列较为多变,是Dof蛋白的特异转录调控结构域.Dof类转录因子在植物中发挥着多种功能.拟南芥和水稻的Dof转录因子家族为Aa、Bb、Cc、Dd 4个同源基因群,同类群间可能具有相似或相反的功能.文章就这一问题的研究进展作了介绍.     

KRAB型锌指蛋白(KZNF)的研究进展

KRAB型锌指蛋白是哺乳动物中最大的转录调控因子家族, 它的多数成员在基因组上成簇分布。其结构特征是N端含有KRAB结构域, C端含有多个C2H2型锌指结构。KRAB结构域为一蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用区, 可以与多种协同转录抑制因子和转录因子结合, 使KRAB型锌指蛋白作为转录因子和/或转录调控因子发挥依赖于DNA结合的转录抑制功能, 在胚胎发育、细胞分化、细胞转化及细胞周期的调控中发挥重要功能。     

锌指亚家族GATA-4、-5和-6的调控作用

GATA蛋白是一类重要的转录调节因子,它们具有保守的DNA结合结构域,其中的GATA 4、 5和 6亚家族对组织特异性基因的表达起关键性的调控作用.综述了这3种因子的结构功能,在小鼠中的表达模式和基因定位,在组织特异性基因表达中的作用,对可诱导基因表达的调节以及与它们相互作用的有关因子等.     

NONO/p54nrb在肿瘤发生发展中作用的研究进展

不含POU结构域的八聚体核苷酸结合蛋白(non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein,NONO)也称54 k D核RNA/DNA结合蛋白(54 k D Nuclear RNA-and DNA-binding protein,p54nrb),是一种能与DNA和RNA结合的多功能核蛋白,参与多种细胞生物活动,包括转录调节、DNA修复、RNA核保留复制、细胞增殖调控以及形成亚核结构paraspeckle等。当NONO蛋白表达异常时,是否会导致肿瘤的发生呢?现研究表明在多数肿瘤中NONO蛋白表达异常。与鼻咽癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、乳头状肾细胞癌、大肠癌、恶性黑色素瘤以及白血病等多种肿瘤发生发展密切相关。本综述就NONO蛋白结构、功能以及在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用予以综述。     

Photoaffinity electrophoretic mobility shift assay using photoreactive DNA bearing 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine in its phosphate backbone

Photoaffinity cross-linking enables the analysis of interactions between DNA and proteins even under denaturing conditions. We present a photoaffinity electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in which two heterogeneous techniques―photoaffinity cross-linking using DNA bearing 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) analysis—are combined. To prepare the photoreactive DNA, which is an essential tool for photoaffinity EMSA, we first determined the optimal conditions for the integration of 4-(3-trifluoromethyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzyl bromide to the specific site of oligonucleotide where phosphodiester linkage was replaced with phosphorothioate linkage. The photoaffinity EMSA was developed using the POU (initial letters of three genes: Pit-l, Oct-1,2, and unc-86) domain region of Oct-1 protein, which specifically bound to octamer DNA motif (ATGCAAAT). The affinity-purified recombinant POU domain proteins conjugated with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) contained three distinct proteins with molecular weights of 34, 36, and 45 kDa. The photoaffinity EMSA could clearly distinguish the individual binding abilities of three proteins on a single lane and showed that the whole POU domain protein specifically bound to octamer DNA motif by competition experiments. Using the nuclear extract of HeLa cells, the photoaffinity EMSA revealed that at least five specific proteins could bind to the octamer DNA motif. These results show that photoaffinity EMSA using 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine can provide high-performance analysis of DNA-binding proteins.     

Segments of the POU domain influence one another''s DNA-binding specificity.

The ubiquitously expressed mammalian POU-domain protein Oct-1 specifically recognizes two classes of cis-acting regulatory elements that bear little sequence similarity, the octamer motif ATGCAAAT and the TAATGARAT motif. The related pituitary-specific POU protein Pit-1 also recognizes these two motifs but, unlike Oct-1, binds preferentially to the TAATGARAT motif. Yet in our assay, Pit-1 still binds octamer elements better than does the octamer motif-binding protein Oct-3. The POU domain is responsible for recognizing these diverse regulatory sequences through multiple DNA contacts that include the two POU subdomains, the POU-specific region, and the POU homeodomain. The DNA-binding properties of 10 chimeric POU domains, in which different POU-domain segments are derived from either Oct-1 or Pit-1, reveal a high degree of structural plasticity; these hybrid proteins all bind DNA well and frequently bind particular sites better than does either of the parental POU domains. In these chimeric POU domains, the POU-specific A and B boxes and the hypervariable POU linker can influence DNA-binding specificity. The surprising result is that the influence a particular segment has on DNA-binding specificity can be greatly affected by the origin of other segments of the POU domain and the sequence of the binding site. Thus, the broad but selective DNA-binding specificity of Oct-1 is conferred both by multiple DNA contacts and by dynamic interactions within the DNA-bound POU domain.