用麸皮水解液代替玉米浆发酵生产谷氨酸

在谷氨酸发酵中,生物素是谷氨酸产生菌进行谷氨酸代谢的重要调节因素,常以玉米浆作为生物素的供给源。玉米浆在发酵行业中,需要量大,供不应求。为了保证我厂味精生产的正常进行,我们根据有关资料及兄弟单位的经验,在用谷氨酸产生菌B9菌株进行谷     

以玉米浆和木薯为原料机械搅拌发酵制备细菌纤维素的研究

本文以玉米浆和木薯为原料,用机械搅拌式发酵罐制备细菌纤维素（BC）,对发酵过程的纤维素产量、还原糖消耗、溶氧变化和茵浓变化进行了监测,并以葡萄糖一蛋白胨-酵母粉培养基为对照进行了比较。实验得出玉米浆作氮源时不溶BC的产量为9．2g／L,而氮源成本只是对照组的15％;木薯水解液作碳源时的不溶BC产量达到11．7g／L,比对照组（10．8g／L）高8％;而用玉米浆搭配木薯水解液发酵生产BC,产量也达到10．1g／L,验证了这两种天然原料的廉价高效性,用于工业生产细菌纤维素具有良好的前景。     

稀土元素对谷氨酸发酵的影响

通过对谷氨酸发酵培养基中添加稀土元素的研究,确定了几种能对发酵产酸有提高作用的稀土元素及其浓度,其中La^3 、Ce^4 、Nd^3 离子浓度分别为100mg/L、10mg/L、1mg／L时能提高产酸水平,而Sm^3 、Y^3 离子对发酵基本上没有影响。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌一步法发酵糖质原料生产γ-聚谷氨酸

γ-聚谷氨酸在食品、化妆品、生物医药等领域具有广泛的应用,目前主要的生产菌株是谷氨酸依赖型菌株,在生产过程中需要添加谷氨酸作为前体,因而生产γ-聚谷氨酸的成本较高。文中主要研究从糖质原料一步法发酵合成γ-聚谷氨酸的生产工艺。首先,从产γ-聚谷氨酸的菌株枯草芽孢杆菌中克隆γ-聚谷氨酸合成酶的基因簇pgs BCA,在谷氨酸棒杆菌模式菌株ATCC13032中进行诱导型和组成型表达,结果显示,仅诱导型表达菌株可以积累γ-聚谷氨酸,产量为1.43 g/L。进一步对诱导条件进行优化,确定诱导时间为2 h,IPTG浓度为0.8 mmol/L,γ-聚谷氨酸产量为1.98g/L。在此基础上,在一株高产谷氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌F343中外源表达pgs BCA,对重组菌进行发酵,结果表明,在摇瓶发酵中γ-聚谷氨酸产量达到10.23g/L,在5L发酵罐中产量达到20.08g/L;继而对γ-聚谷氨酸进行分子量测定,结果显示,产自F343重组菌的γ-聚谷氨酸的重均分子量比产自枯草芽孢杆菌的提高34.77%。文中构建了一步法发酵糖质原料生产γ-聚谷氨酸的新途径,同时为开发其潜在应用奠定了基础。     

谷氨酸发酵过程的神经网络模拟预测模型

人工神经网络是八十年代迅速兴起的一门非线性科学．它力图模拟人脑的一些基本特性。如自组织性、自适应性和容错性能等,已在模式识别、数据处理和自动化控制等方面得到了初步应用,取得了很好的效果〔1〕。 本文根据上海某味精厂某发酵罐的一批批报数据,利用人工神经网络的一典型模型－“反向传播”模型,初步尝试了神经网络模拟预测方法的效果,有关这方面的研究工作尚未见报道．     

玉米浆对Vc二步发酵产2-酮基-L-古龙酸影响的研究

通过在培养基中添加不同量的玉米浆,研究其对氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌（俗称小菌）生产Vc前体2-酮基-L-古龙酸的影响,并研究玉米浆成分中的12种主要氨基酸对小菌产酸的影响。结果表明：每100 mL发酵培养基中添加2.5 g左右过滤除菌玉米浆时,2-酮基-L-古龙酸产量高达26.84 mg/mL,小菌活菌数为不添加玉米浆时小菌单菌发酵下的9.74倍。过量玉米浆抑制小菌产酸。12种氨基酸单独与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌发酵培养及全部混合后与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌发酵培养对产酸及菌体生长无影响。     

玉米浆在产甘油假丝酵母甘油发酵中的作用机理

以复合培养基和合成培养基进行比较发酵,研究了玉米浆在产甘油假丝酵母甘油发酵过程中的作用机理。结果表明:玉米浆中的磷、氮和微量元素是影响产甘油假丝酵母甘油发酵的3个关键因素。当玉米浆磷浓度为121·75mg/L(玉米浆浓度为14g/L),最大甘油转化率达到53·44%。玉米浆磷可以调节EMP途径与HMP途径之间碳架代谢流的分布,随着玉米浆浓度进一步增加,过量磷能抑制HMP途径而激活EMP途径,因而复合培养基各项发酵参数的变化非常显著。玉米浆氮对磷的调节功能有协同作用,但并不是产甘油假丝酵母甘油发酵的理想氮源。玉米浆中的微量元素能够显著提高葡萄糖的消耗速率、促进菌体的生长和增加甘油的产量。     

产氨短杆菌GMA-1112利用味精母液发酵生产肌苷

通过亚硝基胍或60 Coγ辐照等选育一株产氨短杆菌GMA 1 1 1 2 (Ade +Gua +VB1 +8 AGr+SGr+6 MPr) ,能以味精母液代替传统肌苷发酵添加酵母粉作为有机营养物 ,进行肌苷发酵 ,平均产肌苷率 2 5.4 0 g/L。具有降低发酵成本、提高产肌苷率等优点。     

用玉米面生产柠檬酸的新工艺

国内生产柠檬酸的主要原料,绝大多数是著干粉。但由于薯干粉大幅度涨价,生产成本大幅度增高,使企业无法承受,为寻求新的生产原料,我们采用先把玉米淀粉转变为单糖,过滤掉渣子,用比较纯净的糖水发酵。     

Glutamate Dehydrogenase Reaction as a Source of Glutamic Acid in Synaptosomes

The role of the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction as a pathway of glutamate synthesis was studied by incubating synaptosomes with 5 mM 15NH4Cl and then utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure isotopic enrichment in glutamate and aspartate. The rate of formation of [15N]glutamate and [15N]aspartate from 5 mM 15NH4Cl was approximately 0.2 nmol/min/mg of protein, a value much less than flux through glutaminase (4.8 nmol/min/mg of protein) but greater than flux through glutamine synthetase (0.045 nmol/min/mg of protein). Addition of 1 mM 2-oxoglutarate to the medium did not affect the rate of [15N]glutamate formation. O2 consumption and lactate formation were increased in the presence of 5 mM NH3, whereas the intrasynaptosomal concentrations of glutamate and aspartate were unaffected. Treatment of synaptosomes with veratridine stimulated reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate during the early time points. The production of ([15N]glutamate + [15N]aspartate) was enhanced about twofold in the presence of 5 mM beta-(+/-)-2-aminobicyclo [2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, a known effector of glutamate dehydrogenase. Supplementation of the incubation medium with a mixture of unlabelled amino acids at concentrations similar to those present in the extracellular fluid of the brain had little effect on the intrasynaptosomal [glutamate] and [aspartate]. However, the enrichment in these amino acids was consistently greater in the presence of supplementary amino acids, which appeared to stimulate modestly the reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate. It is concluded: (a) compared with the phosphate-dependent glutaminase reaction, reductive amination is a relatively minor pathway of synaptosomal glutamate synthesis in both the basal state and during depolarization; (b) NH3 toxicity, at least in synaptosomes, is not referable to energy failure caused by a depletion of 2-oxoglutarate in the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction; and (c) transamination is not a major mechanism of glutamate nitrogen production in nerve endings.     

交流示波极谱滴定法测定谷氨酸含量

在ＫＣｌ底液中,用ＫＯＨ标准溶液直接滴定谷氨酸至极谱图形上切口出现指示终点,此方法简单、快速,终点直观,结果准确。     

Evidence for Two Distinct Forms of Native Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in Rat Brain Soluble Extract: An Immunoblotting Study

Immunoblots of the soluble proteins from a rat brain high-speed supernatant dissociated under reducing conditions showed two monomers (molecular weights, 59,000 and 62,000 +/- 2,000) immunolabeled by a glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antiserum. In this extract, a GAD monoclonal antibody trapped the same two monomers, thus confirming that they are both constitutive subunits of GAD. Without treatment under reducing conditions, two additional bands were stained by immunoblotting. Their molecular weights were estimated to be 115,000 and 122,000 +/- 5,000. These results demonstrate the presence, in rat brain soluble extract, of two distinct forms of native GAD. They further support our previous hypothesis that each form is composed by the homodimeric association of each constitutive subunit through disulfide bridges.     

Striatal Expression of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Gene in Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract: To examine potential alteration of GABAergic striatal neurons in Alzheimer's disease, we used quantitative in situ hybridization to analyze the messenger RNA coding for M_r 67,000 glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD₆₇ mRNA) in the striatum of five patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and nine matched control subjects. We found a 51–57% increase in the optical density of hybridization signal in the caudate nucleus and putamen, corresponding to a 30–42% increase in the number of neurons expressing a detectable amount of GAD₆₇ mRNA. By contrast, no alteration was observed in the ventral striatum. The expression of GAD₆₇ mRNA per neuron was similar in AD and control subjects both in the dorsal and ventral striatum. Taken together, our data indicate that, in AD, GABAergic neurotransmission is increased in the dorsal striatum but not in the ventral striatum. We suggest that this increased GABAergic neurotransmission may explain extrapyramidal signs often observed in AD.     

酵母发酵玉米秸秆水解液产麦角甾醇应用研究

生物质是一种可再生资源,生物质发酵可产生高端化工产品.本文主要探讨蒸汽爆破处理玉米秸秆及水解可发酵单糖,考察酵母发酵玉米秸秆糖化液产麦角甾醇的应用研究.实验结果表明:当固液比10%,盐酸浓度1.5%,90℃水解反应3 h,还原糖含量达到53.3%,纤维素转化率79%.发酵工艺参数为玉米秸秆糖化液6.0°Bx,玉米浆4%,pH 7.5,接种量10%,28℃摇床振荡培养32 h,细胞生物量达8.5 g/L,麦角甾醇含量可达2.35%.同时对玉米秸秆发酵产麦角甾醇晶体进行结构表征.     

Phylogenesis of Brain Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase from Vertebrates: Immunochemical Studies

Brain high-speed supernatants from various lower and higher vertebrates were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electroblot on nitrocellulose membranes, and immunolabelling using an anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antiserum prepared from rat antigen. Rat brain extracts showed two distinct immunolabelled bands (MW 59,000 and 62,000 daltons). The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 120,000 daltons. The immunoblot pattern was not affected by a 3-h incubation of the homogenate. In the substantia nigra, the decrease in the immunolabelling of both bands corresponded very closely to the decrease of GAD activity following lesioning of the striato-nigral pathway. Moreover, experiments with preadsorbed antiserum showed that both subunits have common antigenic determinants. The immunolabelling was consistently more intense over the lightest band. The autoradiography of immunoprecipitated rat brain GAD, iodinated prior to electrophoresis, revealed two radiolabelled bands corresponding to the two immunolabelled ones. Their radioactivity was found in a one-to-five ratio which closely paralleled their respective immunolabelling intensity. Thus, the two subunits recognized by the antiserum are not present in stoichiometric proportions in the rat brain high-speed supernatant. These findings suggest the existence of two homodimeric GAD with common antigenic determinants which are present in different amounts. Immunoprecipitation curves of brain GAD from rat, mouse, rabbit, monkey, human, quail, frog, and trout were similar, with a less than 10-fold maximum shift in affinity for GAD. GAD immunoblots from the various higher vertebrates showed a pattern similar to that obtained in rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)