PP333对黄瓜幼苗素质及抗冷能力的影响

研究了ＰＰ３３３对黄瓜幼苗素质和抗冷能力的影响,结果显示ＰＰ３３３处理降低了幼苗高度和子叶面积,但却促进了根系生长、根冠比值和叶绿素含量显增加,明显表现壮苗效果。ＰＰ３３３能有效降低黄瓜幼苗在低温下的相对电导率,维持较高的ＳＯＤ活性和Ｖｃ、ＧＳＨ含量,因而提高了幼苗的抗冷能力。     

高温胁迫下三唑酮对黄瓜幼苗某些生理性质的影响

研究了三唑酮浸种对黄瓜幼苗抗热性的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗子叶叶绿素a、b及可溶性蛋白质含量下降,Chla／b比值、游离脯氩酸和可溶性糖含量增加。20mg／L三唑酮浸种抑制了黄瓜幼苗子叶的叶绿素a、b和可溶性蛋白质含量的下降及可溶性糖含量的增加,但脯氨酸含量降低,Chla／b比值上升。恢复温度后子叶的叶绿素a、b及可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量与胁迫后相比均有不同程度的下降,但三唑酮处理下降的幅度低于对照。综上结果,三唑酮增强了黄瓜幼苗的耐热性。     

低温下黄瓜幼苗子叶硫氢基（SH）含量变化与膜脂过氧化

随着温度的降低,黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)幼苗子叶中的 SH 基含量逐渐减少;子叶电解质泄漏逐渐提高;SH 基含量的减少与丙二醛(MDA)的增加呈负相关。在黄瓜幼苗子叶中由低温引起的 SH 含量降低和 MDA 增加可因苯甲酸钠和 Vit E 预处理而抑制,因甲基紫精(MV)预处理而加剧。随着对黄瓜幼苗预处理的 MDA 浓度的增大,幼苗子叶中 SH 基含量的降低和电解质泄漏的增加越来越剧,显示出 MDA 对 SH 基具有一定的破坏作用。     

喜树种子萌发和幼苗发育过程中喜树碱含量的变化

在喜树种子萌发过程中 ,胚乳中喜树碱含量始终最高 ,但呈降低趋势 ;种皮中喜树碱含量较低 ,呈波动型上升 ;子叶和胚轴中喜树碱含量变化不明显。种子萌发后 ,随着幼苗的发育 ,子叶中喜树碱含量逐渐升高 ,出现最大值后迅速下降 ,胚轴、根和真叶中喜树碱含量持续降低 ,幼苗发育到一定时间后趋于稳定     

光质对水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

以荧光灯为对照,采用发光二极管（light emitting diode,LED）精确调制不同光谱能量分布,研究了光质对‘武运粳7号’和‘抗优63’两种水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响.结果表明：光质对两个品种水稻幼苗生长有显著影响且存在差异.蓝光显著抑制幼苗株高,提高‘武运粳7号’叶片的可溶性蛋白含量及两个品种水稻五叶期幼苗的壮苗指数;红光显著提高三叶期幼苗的茎基直径、壮苗指数以及五叶期叶片的可溶性糖和淀粉含量;红蓝组合光显著提高三叶期幼苗的根数、茎基直径、壮苗指数、根系活力和可溶性糖含量,以及五叶期幼苗的鲜、干质量、壮苗指数、叶片可溶性糖和蔗糖含量;黄光可在幼苗生长初期明显增加株高,提高叶片色素含量.总体上,红蓝组合光有利于培育水稻壮苗.     

外源ABA对黄瓜幼苗抗低温胁迫的作用

在光照下对黄瓜(Cucuntis sativus L.)离体子叶圆片和幼苗分别使用10~(-6)mol/l 与10~(-4)mol/l ABA 处理,有防御低温伤害的作用,表现为降低子叶圆片的电解质渗漏,阻抑幼苗子叶的谷胱甘肽含量的下降和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的累积,减缓叶片的光合作用的下降和叶绿素荧光的猝灭,提高幼苗的存活率。但这种作用可被黑暗和光合抑制剂(DCMU)所限制。     

酸性磷酸酶参与大豆子叶磷转运和利用

本文以磷效率不同的两个大豆品种为材料,研究大豆幼苗期子叶酸性磷酸酶活性和同工酶谱对外源磷有效性的响应,及其参与子叶磷高效转运和利用的过程。结果表明：在幼苗生长前期,子叶酸性磷酸酶活性及其同工酶谱组成变化明显,而且不受外源磷有效性的调控;在幼苗生长的前8天,子叶全磷含量随着酸性磷酸酶的活性增加而显著降低,而且磷高效大豆品种比磷低效大豆品种具有较高的酸性磷酸酶活性和植株全磷含量。以上结果说明在大豆幼苗生长前期,由于大粒种子不仅具有较高的磷含量,而且具有较高子叶酸性磷酸酶活性,促进子叶有机磷的水解和转运是磷高效大豆品种适应低磷胁迫的生理机制之一。     

大豆幼苗期间不同器官中的葫芦巴碱含量变化

用高效液相色谱法测定大豆幼苗各器官中葫芦巴碱含量的结果表明：子叶期的子叶中葫芦巴碱含量高于根;对生真叶期间,葫芦巴碱含量大小依序为,真叶〉子叶〉根;三出复叶期间,葫芦巴碱含量大小依序为,三出复叶〉真叶〉子叶〉茎和根。     

油茶种子萌发期间几种物质含量的变化

软枝油茶种子子叶内贮藏的脂肪和淀粉含量随萌发进程而递减;可溶性糖类含量无多大变化。输送至幼苗内的可溶性糖转化为淀粉。子叶内除非蛋白质氮量较稳定外,总氮、蛋白质氮和组成蛋白质的氨基酸种类与含量大都随萌发进程而减少,幼苗内的则相应递增·     

农林废弃物混配基质的理化性质及其对油茶幼苗生长效应的综合评价

以腐熟的甘蔗渣( SB)、木薯皮( CP)、花生壳( PS)和火炭灰( BA)及园土( GS)为原料,按照不同体积比配制成9种混配基质,并以等体积比泥炭和园土混配基质为对照,对各基质的理化性质及基质中油茶( Camellia oleifera Abel)幼苗的生长状况进行比较;在对基质理化指标和油茶幼苗的壮苗指数进行线性回归分析和通径分析的基础上,采用主成分分析和综合评价法对各基质的育苗效果进行综合评价。结果表明：9种农林废弃物混配基质的容重、总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度分别为0.23~0.47 g·cm-3、60.90%~67.23%和46.53%~58.27%, pH 6.72~pH 7.14,各基质的速效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量、pH值、电导率和通气孔隙度均高于或显著高于对照,容重则显著低于对照。在不同基质中油茶幼苗的茎粗、单株叶片数、叶长、叶宽、叶绿素相对含量( SPAD)、单株茎叶干质量、单株根干质量和壮苗指数均存在一定差异,而株高和根冠比却无显著差异;其中S9混配基质也V( SB)：V( CP)：V( BA)=2：1：1页中幼苗的大部分生长指标较高,表现出明显的生长优势。线性回归和通径分析结果显示：除通气孔隙度外,基质的其他8个理化指标基本涵盖了影响幼苗壮苗指数的关键因素;其中,速效钾含量是对壮苗指数直接影响最大的负相关因子,而速效磷含量、电导率和总孔隙度对壮苗指数则有较大的正向直接作用,并且三者通过速效钾含量对壮苗指数产生较大的负向间接作用;此外,基质容重对壮苗指数也有一定的负向直接作用。综合评价结果显示：S9和S7混配基质也V( SB)：V( BA)：V( GS)=4：3：3页对油茶育苗效果的综合得分较高,分别为14.363和14.337,建议将S9混配基质作为油茶育苗的首选替代基质,S7混配基质作为备选基质。     

三唑酮对黄瓜幼苗生长及抗寒性的影响

研究了不同浓度三唑酮浸种对黄瓜幼苗生物量及抗寒性的影响。结果表明,20～100μmol·L^-1三唑酮能显著抑制黄瓜幼苗的株高、根长,增加了根重、根冠比和叶绿素含量,30d幼苗经过3d低温胁迫后,10～50μmol·L^-1三唑酮处理能保持较高的叶绿素含量,有效地降低质膜相对透性,维持较高的SOD活性,50μmol·L^-1三唑酮处理明显减缓低温胁迫过程中MDA的累积。另外,50μmol·L^-1三唑酮处理在低温胁迫第1d促进脯氨酸的累积,在第3d脯氨酸反而低于对照。但高浓度(>100μmol·L^-1)三唑酮不利于幼苗抵御低温伤害,总的来看,三唑酮增强了黄瓜幼苗的耐寒性。     

Amelioration of NaCl Stress by Triadimefon in Soybean Seedlings

NaCl stress decreased root growth, shoot length and dry matter production of Glycine max seedlings. It has also caused accumulation of proline and amino acids and decreased protein and nucleic acid contents of the seedlings. Addition of triadimefon to NaCl stressed seedlings partially restored the growth and increased the protein, amino acid, proline and nucleic acid contents of the seedlings. The root biomass production under combination of triadimefon and NaCl was even larger than control. Thus triadimefon can ameliorate the effect of NaCl stress in soybean. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

土壤施钙诱导水稻幼苗抗低温和抗病生理机制研究

试验发现,以干土重1％的CaO混土处理培育水稻秧苗,能显著提高幼苗的抗低温和抗立枯病能力．对其生理机制研究表明,该处理对水稻幼苗体内活性氧清除酶系统具有显著影响,与空白对照处理相比。施钙处理的水稻幼苗根部和地上部SOD活性增强;根部POD活性显著增强,地上部POD活性下降;根部和地上部CAT活性则先下降,后上升;根部和地上部的可溶性蛋白含量均有所上升．POD同工酶PAGE电泳结果表明,CaO处理的水稻幼苗地上部POD同工酶谱带明显减弱和减少,而根部POD同工酶谱带增强和增多．这些结果揭示了土壤施加CaO可提高水稻幼苗抗低温和抗病能力的部分原因．     

骆驼蓬提取物浸种对小麦幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以不同浓度骆驼蓬提取液浸种处理小麦。研究对幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,骆驼蓬提取液浸种后小麦幼苗的根长、株高和干重增加,根冠比增大;幼苗根系活力增强,根系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性提高,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先升后降,过氧化物酶（POD）活性下降,过氧化物酶同工酶表达受抑;叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量增加,叶片SOD、POD活性提高,过氧化物酶同工酶表达增强,CAT活性降低。根系和叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量下降。     

Effect of a strong cold storage induced desiccation on metabolic solutes,stock quality and regrowth,in seedlings of two oak species

Bare-root seedlings of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) were lifted in January and stored at 1.8°C, at 82% relative humidity, until their fresh weight declined by 33%. Root growth potential (RGP), fine root electrolyte leakage (REL), fine root water content (RWC), shoot tip water content (SWC), starch and metabolic solute contents in root and shoot, were measured just after lifting and after treatment. Survival of treated seedlings was also assessed in a field trial. RWC, SWC, REL, RGP were dramatically affected by desiccation during cold storage. In both species, root soluble carbohydrate level, inositol level and isocitrate level increased, whereas root starch level and shoot soluble carbohydrate level decreased. In northern red oak, treated seedlings had higher root contents of soluble carbohydrates, inositol and proline than in pedunculate oak. Moreover, treatment induced proline accumulation only in northern red oak roots. These differences could explain why field survival of treated seedlings was significantly better in northern red oak than in pedunculate oak.     

粉锈宁在菜心离体快速繁殖中的应用

应用植物生长延缓剂粉锈宁于菜心离你快速繁殖,试验结果表明,低浓度（1—5μmol／L）的粉锈宁可以明显提高菜心茎尖继代培养时芽的繁殖系数．同时发现低浓度粉锈宁可降低试管苗的玻璃化程度,促进叶片数增加,改善试管苗生长状况,有利于壮苗培育．适当提高粉锈宁浓度还具有促进试管苗生根的作用．粉锈宁可作为一种优良的植物生长调节剂用于菜心离体快速繁殖。     

Effect of crude seaweed extracts on seed germination, seedling growth and some metabolic processes of Vicia faba L

Crude extracts from three green seaweeds (Cladophora dalmatica, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ulva lactuca) and the three red algae (Corallina mediterranea, Jania rubens, Pterocladia pinnate) were prepared. Their effects on germination, growth of seedlings, chlorophyll content and other metabolic activities of Vicia faba were investigated. The crude extract of C. dalmatica showed maximal activity, and it increased seed germination, length of main root and shoot systems and the number of lateral roots. All the crude extracts of seaweed increased protein content in both root and shoot systems, total soluble sugars and chlorophyll content in leaves. The cytokinin content of the green algae was higher than that in red algae. Growth of seedlings of V. faba was stimulated but to different degrees.     

Exogenous application of abscisic acid or triadimefon affects the recovery of Zea mays seedlings from heat shock

Maize seedlings ( Zea mays L. cv. DK 246) grown for 1–4 days in the presence of abscisic acid (ABA) or triadimefon (a fungicide) demonstrated an enhanced ability to withstand the effects of a 3-h sub-lethal (40°C) or lethal (45°C) heat shock. Both the ABA and triadimefon treatments were applied solely to the roots of seedlings; however, the ability to withstand a heat shock was induced in both the root and the shoot. The level of protection provided by these agents was dependent upon the time that plants were exposed to them; prolonged exposure reduced tolerance to subsequent stress.     

Growth and proline accumulation in mungbean seedlings as affected by sodium chloride

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek cv. Sujata and cv. K851) seedlings were grown in paper towelins in dark under 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 % (m/v) NaCl salinity. Germination percentage, shoot and root length, fresh mass of both cultivars decreased with salinity. Total soluble saccharides and proline accumulated in the root and shoot of salt stressed seedlings. The proline accumulation in the root was four to five times higher than that of the shoot of NaCl treated etiolated mungbean seedlings.