一种改进的水稻成熟胚愈伤组织高效基因转化系统

以成熟胚愈伤组织为材料的农杆菌介导水稻转化法虽已建立, 但转化频率仍有待提高。本文以粳稻(Oryz a sativa)品种(中花10号和中花11号)的成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为受体材料, 对组织培养体系及影响遗传转化的因素进行优化, 建立了一套改进的农杆菌介导的水稻高效遗传转化系统。农杆菌菌株为EHA105, 质粒载体是pUN1301/ OsRAA1, 其中含有标记基因GUS 和筛选基因HPT。愈伤组织诱导培养基为NBD2 (NB+2 mg·L-12,4-D), 继代培养基为NBD0.5, 预分化与分化培养基为RE1 (MS+1 mg·L-16-BA + 0.25 mg·L-1 NAA + 0.5 mg·L-1 KT + 0.2 mg·L-1 ZT)和RE2 (MS+ 1 mg·L-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA+ 0.5 mg·L-1 KT + 0.2 mg·L-1 ZT)。另外, 还分析了影响T-DNA转移的多种因素, 如外植体种类、愈伤组织预培养基和愈伤组织继代次数等。采用优化的转化程序, 水稻愈伤组织转化率和植株转化率可达70%以上。     

口蹄疫抗原决定簇融合基因转化生菜及表达

以3-5天苗龄的散叶大速生生菜(Lactuca sativa var. capatata)无菌苗子叶为外植体, 通过根癌农杆菌介导, 将携带O型和A型口蹄疫抗原决定簇融合基因O21- O14 -A21-HBcAg导入生菜。研究结果表明, 含有20 mg.L-1潮霉素(Hyg)的S2 培养基(MS+1.5 mg.L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg.L-1 IAA+20 mg.L-1 Hyg +300 mg.L-1 Cb)为子叶外植体转化后诱导愈伤和芽再生的最适培养基, 经抗性筛选, 将抗性芽切下于S3 培养基(1/2MS+20 mg.L-1 Hyg)上诱导生根。通过PCR 和outhern杂交分析证明, 基因已经整合到生菜基因组中。RT-PCR检测初步表明, O21-O14 -A21-HBcAg基因可以在生菜中正常转录。     

Isolation of genetically modified potato plant containing the gene of defensive peptide from Amaranthus]

The plants of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., var. Desire) have been transformed with a pH22Kneo vector carrying the gene ac2, encoding the fungicidal peptide (defensin) from the seed of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.). The transformation involved co-cultivation of potato stem explants (excised from aseptically grown plants) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens on solid MS medium. Factors affecting in vitro regeneration of the explants and the transformation efficiency were optimized. Regenerated potato plants harboring the amaranth defensin gene were selected by two traits, growth and ability to form roots on kanamycin-supplemented MS medium. The transgenic state was confirmed PCR analysis of ac2 in tissues of the kanamycin-resistant plants. The transgenic organisms thus obtained differed from the original ambiol-treated plants in growth patterns and proton translocation across the plasma membrane of the tuber cells.     

果蔗“拔地拉”植株再生与农杆菌介导的遗传转化研究

以果蔗(Sacchdrgm officenarum L.)'拔地拉'的幼嫩叶鞘为材料,以MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg L~(-1)为诱导培养基,MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg L~(-1)+6-BA 1.0 mg L~(-1)为分化培养基,MS+IAA2.0 mg L~(-1)为生根培养基,建立了高效的果蔗再生体系.利用农杆菌介导法将含有cryIA基因和CPTI基因的植物表达载体导入果蔗愈伤组织,经潮霉素筛选、PCR以及Southern杂交分析表明,cryIAc基因已整合进果蔗基因组中.     

PSAG12-ipt嵌合基因转化马铃薯体系的研究

以根癌农杆菌介导法将PSAG12-ipt嵌合基因导入马铃薯栽培品种,对影响马铃薯遗传转化的多种因素进行系统研究.结果表明:马铃薯茎段分化效率高于叶片,马铃薯愈伤诱导和芽分化最适培养基为MS+6-BA 0.25mg/L+NAA 0.25mg/L+2,4-D 0.25mg/L,添加1%Na2SO3能有效防止褐化;茎段愈伤诱导和分化苗生根最适的Kan浓度分别为50mg/L和75mg/L;外植体预培养2d,OD600为0.2～0.5的农杆菌浓度侵染8min、共培养3d后进行选择培养能有效地提高植株再生能力.用PSAG12和ipt双重PCR检测再生植株,阳性转化率为65.8%.Southern blotting结果表明,转基因植株多以单拷贝形式整合进马铃薯基因组中.     

Transformation of LRP gene into Brassica napus mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens to enhance lysine content in seeds

Lysine rich protein (LRP) gene derived from the seed of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus was transformed into Brassica napus, employing cotyledon petiole as explants and by using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Transformation efficiency was found to be closely related with phytohormone concentration, infection incubation, and co-cultured time. A medium containing 4 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and 0.3 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was used for plant regeneration. With infection incubation of A. tumefaciens (OD600 = 0.4) for 20 min and co-culture of infected cotyledon petiole for 3 days, the highest transformation efficiency of 8.5% was obtained. To confirm LRP gene expression, PCR and Southern blot analysis were performed on leaf-isolated DNA from regenerated plants resistant to kanamycin. All transgenic plants of the generation T0 formed fertile seeds, which were sowed for the inheritance study of generational T1 and amino acid analysis. It was found that the lysine content of seeds from T1 generation increased by 16.7% compared with non-transgenic lines.     

串叶松香草高效再生体系的建立与兔出血症病毒YL株外壳蛋白基因VP60对其遗传转化

通过对串叶松香草(Silphium perfoliatumL.)不同激素浓度配比的诱导分化实验,建立了串叶松香草离体培养高效再生体系,结果表明MS 6-BA(2.0mg/L) NAA0.1(mg/L)培养基可高效诱导愈伤组织和芽的分化,1/2MS IBA(0.1mg/L)培养基可快速诱导根的生成,形成再生植株。构建了植物表达载体pBI121-VP60,利用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导叶盘法转化串叶松香草以研究高效的串叶松香草转化体系,结果显示以农杆菌LBA4404为介导菌株、以叶片为转化外植体、3d预培养时间和3～4d共培养时间、400mg/L羧苄青霉素和40mg/L卡那霉素筛选浓度转化效果较好,并已筛选到两株拟转基因植株,为利用串叶松香草生产兔出血症病毒动物可食用疫苗建立了初步的技术基础。     

Transgenic superroots of Lotus corniculatus can be regenerated from superroot-derived leaves following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

Super-growing roots (superroots; SR), which have been established in the legume species Lotus corniculatus, are a fast-growing root culture that allows continuous root cloning, direct somatic embryogenesis and mass regeneration of plants under entirely growth regulator-free culture conditions. These features are unique for non-hairy root cultures, and they are now stably expressed since the culture was isolated more than 10 years ago (1997). Attempts to achieve direct and stable transformation of SR turned out to be unsuccessful. Making use of the supple regeneration plasticity of SR, we are reporting here an indirect transformation protocol. Leaf explants, derived from plants regenerated from SR, were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the binary vector pBI121, which contains the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) genes as selectable and visual markers, respectively. After co-cultivation, the explants were selected on solidified MS medium with 0.5mg/L benzylamino purine (BAP), 100mg/L kanamycin and 250mg/L cefotaxime. Kanamycin-resistant calli were transferred to liquid rooting medium. The newly regenerated, kanamycin-resistant roots were harvested and SR cultures re-established, which exhibited all the characteristics of the original SR. Furthermore, kanamycin-resistant roots cultured onto solidified MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L BAP produced plants at the same rate as control SR. Six months after gene transfer, PCR analysis and histochemical locating indicated that the NPTII gene was integrated into the genome and that the GUS gene was regularly expressed in leaves, roots and nodules, respectively. The protocol makes it now possible to produce transformed SR and nodules as well as transgenic plants from transformed SR.     

亚麻遗传转化体系的建立及几丁质酶基因导入的研究

报道了亚麻遗传转化体系的建立和几丁质酶基因对亚麻遗传转化的研究。亚麻下胚轴切段培养在不同激素浓度的ＭＳ培养基上,诱导分化出不定芽。最佳的激素组合是ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,分化频率可达９７％。亚麻的下胚轴经带有几丁质 根癌农杆菌感染后,在含有１００ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的选择分化培养基上,１４￣２１ｄ就能产生抗生小芽,小芽进一步伸长后可在１００ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的ＭＳ选择生根培养基（ＭＳ     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cauliflower,Brassica oleracea var. botrytis

We have developed an efficient and simpler method for genetic transformation and regeneration of cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis plants. Explants from 4-day old seedlings were inoculated and cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring a binary vector with the neomycin phosphotransferase-II gene under the regulatory control of nopaline synthase promoter and terminator sequences, permitting transformed shoots to be selected on kanamycin containing medium. After three months rooted transformed plantlets were successfully transferred and grown under glasshouse conditions. Higher numbers of transformed plants were obtained from cotyledon than hypocotyl explants, presumably indicating cotyledons of cauliflower are more amenable to genetic transformation. Integration and expression of the introduced transgene were analysed by DNA gel blot and PCR analysis and NPT-II expression assay. Factors influencing transformation efficiency include explant age, concentration of bacterium used for infection, duration of infection and cocultivation with Agrobacterium. Transgenic plants of three commercial genotypes of cauliflower were produced using this method. We also show that introduction of antisense Bcp1 (pollen-specific gene) linked to a pollen-specific promoter (Lat52) resulted in the expected sterility of 50% pollen carrying this transgenic construct.     

HAL1 mediate salt adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana

INTRODUCTIONSalinity is a major environmental stress that isa substantial constraint to crop production both fordry land and irrigated agriculture. The detrimental impact of this stress is perpetuated and exacerbated by management practices used to facilitatehigh-output crop production. To overcome theselimitations and improve production efficiency in theface of a burgeoning world population, more salt tolerant crops must be developed. In contrast with traditional breeding, the direct ill…     

The yeast HAL1 gene improves salt tolerance of transgenic tomato

Overexpression of the HAL1 gene in yeast has a positive effect on salt tolerance by maintaining a high internal K(+) concentration and decreasing intracellular Na(+) during salt stress. In the present work, the yeast gene HAL1 was introduced into tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A sample of primary transformants was self-pollinated, and progeny from both transformed and non-transformed plants (controls) were evaluated for salt tolerance in vitro and in vivo. Results from different tests indicated a higher level of salt tolerance in the progeny of two different transgenic plants bearing four copies or one copy of the HAL1 gene. In addition, measurement of the intracellular K(+) to Na(+) ratios showed that transgenic lines were able to retain more K(+) than the control under salt stress. Although plants and yeast cannot be compared in an absolute sense, these results indicate that the mechanism controlling the positive effect of the HAL1 gene on salt tolerance may be similar in transgenic plants and yeast.     

利用Cre/lox重组系统获得无选择标记的SKTI抗虫转基因烟草

将置于两个同向lox位点之间的Bar基因表达盒与大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂SKTI基因表达盒融合后获得相应植物表达载体,转化烟草Wisconsin 38后获得对棉铃虫具有明显抗性的SKTI转基因植株。SKTI转基因植株通过叶盘二次转化法导入Cre基因,对再生植株叶盘进行Basta的抗性检测,检测Bar基因的删除情况。结果表明:绝大多数再生植株对应叶盘在含8 mg/L PPT的筛选培养基上无法再生,Bar基因被删除的效率在38%~100%之间。对Bar基因删除区域进行PCR及克隆测序后发现Bar基因表达盒被精确删除。对Bar基因删除植株开花自交获得的分离后代进行NPTⅡ抗性检测,5株NPTⅡ敏感植株分子检测显示均只含有SKTI基因而无Cre基因存在,为无选择标记基因的SKTI转基因植株。     

Shoot Regeneration from Cultured Leaf Explants of Lycium barbarumand Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation1

A method for fast plant regeneration via organogenesis directly from Lycium barbarumleaf explants has been developed. The key factor for shoot regeneration was the presence of benzyladenine (BA) in the medium. NAA could only induce root formation and explant callusing. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA is the most efficient condition for shoot formation, with up to 92.6% shoot regeneration and no callus formation. All adventitious shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IAA formed an extensive root system. Regenerated plants were morphologically normal and were also proved to be diploid (2n = 24). Using the optimized regeneration system, the genetic transformation of L. barbarumwas carried out mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciensEHA101(pIG121Hm). 11.8% leaf explants produced kanamycin-resistant shoots after infection by A. tumefaciens.The putative transgenic nature of plants was confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis. Expression of the nptIIgene in the regenerated plants was also detected by observing the callus formation by leaf pieces on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0–100 mg/l kanamycin.     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.)

We describe a procedure for producing transgenic bottle gourd plants by inoculating cotyledon explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 that carries the binary vector pCAMBIA3301 containing a glufosinate ammonium-resistance (bar) gene and the beta-D-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The most effective bacterial infection was observed when cotyledon explants of 4-day-old seedlings were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium for 6-8 days on co-cultivation medium supplemented with 0.1-0.001 mg/l L-alpha-(2-aminoethoxyvinyl) glycine (AVG). The putatively transformed shoots directly emerged at the proximal end of cotyledon explants after 2-3 weeks of culturing on selection medium containing 2 mg/l DL-phosphinothricin. These shoots were rooted after 3 weeks of culturing on half-strength MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l indole acetic acid and 1 mg/l DL-phosphinothricin. Transgenic plants were obtained at frequencies of 1.9%. Stable integration and transmission of the transgenes in T1 generation plants were confirmed by a histochemical GUS assay, polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses. Genetic segregation analysis of T1 progenies showed that transgenes were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in bottle gourd.     

带内含子卡那霉素抗性基因双元载体构建及烟草转化

农杆菌介导法是植物基因转化的常用方法,然而由于筛选培养基中常用的抗生素头孢霉素和羧苄青霉素具有类植物激素活性,影响外植体的再生和转化频率。将一个植物的内含子插入卡那霉素抗性基因编码区的N端,合成了一个带内含子的卡那霉素抗性基因。构建带该基因的植物双元表达栽体pYP1202并转化烟草,受侵外植体在含卡那霉素50～200mg/L的选择培养基中抗性芽分化频率不受卡那霉素浓度影响,然而具有GUS活性的转化子占分化芽的比例却随着卡那霉素浓度的增加而升高。当培养基中加入500mg/L羧苄青霉素后受侵外植体产生的抗性芽频率比单一的卡那霉素筛选提高近1倍,高达91.4％,然而具GUS活性的转化子占抗性芽的比例仅有26.7％,在200m/L的卡那霉素筛选下,比例升至93.3％。用带内含子卡那霉素抗性基因构建的植物表达载体转化植物可以减少假抗性芽的产生。     

High efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Lycopersicon based on conditions favorable for regeneration

A successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system involving a disarmed Ti plasmid is composed of two stages: transformation of cells and recovery of transformed plants. A tissue transformation system with 34% efficiency was developed using stem segments of the interspecific tomato hybrid Lycopersicon esculentum × L. pennellii. This transformation system emphasizes three factors favoring the recovery of transformed plants: 1) promotion of cell division activity at the inoculation site with kinetin in the incubation medium, 2) promotion of adventitious bud initiation by using organized tissue explants in culture, and 3) application of selection at the shoot development stage of adventitious regeneration.Abbreviations MSO Murashige and Skoog (1962) salt medium supplemented with B5 (Gamborg et al. 1968) vitamins, 2.5% sucrose and 0.8% agar - MSc MS0+1.0 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l kinetin - MSs1 MS0+1.0 mg/l kinetin - MSs2 MS0+2.0 mg/l kinetin - kn kanamycin sulfate (Sigma) at 100 mg/l - cb carbenicillin (Sigma) at 250 mg/l - cf claforan (cefotaximine sodium, Hoechst-Roussel Pharmuceutical Inc.) at 250 mg/l