GATA4, 5 and 6 mediate TGFbeta maintenance of endodermal gene expression in Xenopus embryos

The individual contributions of the three vertebrate GATA factors to endoderm formation have been unclear. Here we detail the early expression of GATA4, 5 and 6 in presumptive endoderm in Xenopus embryos and their induction of endodermal markers in presumptive ectoderm. Induction of HNF3beta by all three GATA factors was abolished when protein synthesis was inhibited, showing that these inductions are indirect. In contrast, whereas induction of Sox17alpha and HNF1beta by GATA4 and 5 was substantially reduced when protein synthesis was inhibited, induction by GATA6 was minimally affected, suggesting that GATA6 is a direct activator of these early endodermal genes. GATA4 induced GATA6 expression in the same assay and antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs), designed to knock down translation of GATA6, blocked induction of Sox17alpha and HNF1beta by GATA4, suggesting that GATA4 induces these genes via GATA6 in this assay. All three GATA factors were induced by activin, although GATA4 and 6 required lower concentrations. GATA MOs inhibited Sox17alpha and HNF1beta induction by activin at low and high concentrations in the order: GATA6>GATA4>GATA5. Together with the timing of their expression and the effects of GATA MOs in vivo, these observations identify GATA6 as the predominant GATA factor in the maintenance of endodermal gene expression by TGFbeta signaling in gastrulating embryos. In addition, examination of gene expression and morphology in later embryos, revealed GATA5 and 6 as the most critical for the development of the gut and the liver.     

Potential of (GATA)n microsatellites from rice for inter- and intra-specific variability studies

Background

The microsatellite, (GATA)_n has been frequently used for DNA fingerprinting. However, very few attempts have been made to analyze (GATA)_n-containing loci in rice.

Results

Three polymorphic (GATA)_n-harboring loci viz. OS1A6, OS1H10 and OS2E7, containing 7–13 repeat motifs were identified from a genomic library of a cultivated rice, Oryza sativa var. Basmati-370 using oligonucleotide probe (GATA)₄. When (GATA)_n flanking primers were used to screen 26 wilds (representing different genomes of rice), 16 cultivars, 47 Indian elite rice varieties and 37 lines resistant/susceptible to bacterial blight, up to 22 alleles were obtained at an individual locus. Also, interestingly the bacterial blight resistant lines clustered into a separate group from the remaining rice genotypes, when a dendrogram was constructed based on the polymorphism obtained at the three loci. This may be due to the partial homology of the clones OS1H10 and OS2E7 to regions encoding O. longistaminata receptor kinase-like protein and pathogenesis-related protein. The ability of these O. sativa flanking primers to amplify DNA of maize, wheat, barley and oat indicates that these (GATA)_n-containing loci are conserved across different cereal genera.

Conclusions

The large allele number obtained reveals the potential of (GATA)_n-containing loci as powerful tools to detect simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP). The (GATA)_n-flanking primers were not only useful in distinguishing between closely related genotypes, but could also be used for cross-species amplification and are also conserved across different cereal genera. These loci could also cluster the bacterial blight resistant/susceptible lines into different groups based on the resistance genes present in them.     

Missense mutation G296S in GATA4 is not responsible for cardiac septal defects

BACKGROUND:

The most common type of congenital heart disease is the cardiac septal defects, which has reported to be caused by a missense mutation (G296S) in exon 3 of the GATA4 gene.

AIMS:

The present study was undertaken to find out whether GATA4 gene is the prime cause of the septal defects in Mysore population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

GATA4 gene analyses were undertaken on 21 confirmed CHD cases by PCR and DNA sequencing.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

Analysis of this particular mutation in 21 septal defect patients revealed that none of the patients had the mutation, indicating that this mutation is population specific or septal defect in Mysore population is caused due to mutations in other regions of the GATA4 gene.     

GATA elements control repression of cardiac troponin I promoter activity in skeletal muscle cells

Background  

We reported previously that the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) promoter drives cardiac-specific expression of reporter genes in cardiac muscle cells and in transgenic mice, and that disruption of GATA elements inactivates the cTnI promoter in cultured cardiomyocytes. We have now examined the role of cTnI promoter GATA elements in skeletal muscle cells.     

文昌鱼一个GATA基因在胚胎发育中的表达图式(英文)

GATA基因在脊椎动物和非脊椎动物的发育中行使重要的功能,该家族的成员在进化上也足非常保守的.脊椎动物的GATA基因分为两个亚群:GATA1/2/3和GATA4/5/6.通过生物信息分析,在文吕鱼的基因缓中找到了3个GATA基因:一个GATA1/2/3业家族基因,两个GATA4/5/6亚家族基因:还找到一个类GATA基因.还克隆了白氏文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)GATA123的一段序列,并研究了它在早期胚胎发育中的表达图式.结果表明GATA123在原肠胚的中内胚层表达,而在神经胚晚期和幼体早期,GATA123在脑泡和消化道中部区域表达.这种表达模式与头部发育的重要基因Otx相类似.结果提示在文吕鱼脑泡的发育过程中GATA123和Otx很可能共同发挥着重要的作用.     

Piceatannol attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in an animal model through regulation of the expression and binding of the transcription factor GATA binding factor 6

Piceatannol is found in grapes, passion fruit, and Japanese knotweed. Piceatannol pretreatment suppresses cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol as assessed by heart weight/body weight ratio, cross-sectional area, and expression of hypertrophic markers. The anti-hypertrophic effect of piceatannol in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes is the same as that in vivo. Piceatannol inhibits lentiviral-GATA6-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, piceatannol reduces the interaction between GATA4 and GATA6 as well as the DNA-binding activity of endogenous GATA6 in the ANP promoter. Our results suggest that piceatannol may be a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy.Structured summary of protein interactionsGATA6 physically interacts with GATA4 by anti V5 tag coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)