HPLC法测定不同生长期罗汉果甙ⅡE、Ⅲ、Ⅴ的含量

采用HPLC法测定同一产地不同生长期罗汉果中罗汉果甙ⅡE、Ⅲ、Ⅴ的含量。结果表明,在生长初期罗汉果中主要含具有苦味的甙Ⅱ及无味的甙Ⅲ,随着生长期的增加,苦味甙ⅡE、无味甙III含量逐渐减少,甜甙Ⅴ在50d时开始出现,并随生长期增加,到80d后含量达到最高。     

罗汉果皂甙类成分代谢转化规律分析

目的:分析组织培养苗罗汉果皂甙类成分在果实成熟过程中的代谢转化规律,为罗汉果甜甙代谢关键酶的研究提供基础.方法:采用微波炉水煮法提取不同生长期罗汉果总甙,高相液相色谱(HPLC)分析各生长期罗汉果二糖甙(甙Ⅱ)、三糖甙(甙Ⅲ)和五糖甙(甙Ⅴ)的含量.结果:果龄10d的罗汉果中,能检测到甙Ⅱ(3 666.4/μg/100mg)及甙m(48.4ttg/100mg),甙Ⅴ检测不到;果龄50d时,能检测到甙Ⅴ(95.1μg/100mg)和高含量的甙Ⅲ(1213.8μg/100mg);随着果龄增长和果实逐渐成熟,低糖苦甙Ⅱ、甙Ⅲ含量逐渐减少,高糖甜甙Ⅴ含量逐渐升高.果龄70d时,苦甙Ⅱ、甙Ⅲ基本检测不到,而甜甙Ⅴ(1331.4μg/100mg)含量达到高水平.结论:罗汉果高糖甜甙可能是从低糖苦甙代谢转化而来.     

不同倍性罗汉果果实的生长与甙类含量动态变化规律的研究

对不同倍性罗汉果果实的生长动态、甙类含量动态及其变化规律的研究。结果表明:多倍体与二倍体果实的生长和甙类动态变化规律基本一致。果实的生长动态均可分为3个时期:迅速生长期(1～20 d)、缓慢生长期(20～30 d)、停止生长期(30～90 d),80 d时果实的形态达到最大值,4x>2x>3x,多倍体表现出巨大性。而甙类含量的动态随日龄的增长均表现为:苦味的甙ⅡE转化为甙Ⅲ,两者依次出现和消失;最终都转化为高甜度的甙Ⅴ,即成熟罗汉果以甙Ⅴ为主;80 d时甙Ⅴ的含量达到最大,4x>3x>2x:多倍体的甜甙含量显著提高,特别是三倍体还具有无籽的特性。     

不同生长期罗汉果蛋白组图谱比较研究

目的:分析、比较30d和60d两个不同时期罗汉果蛋白质组图谱,寻找与罗汉果发育、成熟及罗汉果甜甙生成密切相关基因,为罗汉果的开发和品种改良提供基础。方法:采用双向电泳(2-DE)技术构建30d和60d罗汉果蛋白质组图谱,应用Im-ageMaster 2D图像分析软件对所得蛋白质组图谱进行分析。结果:30d和60d两个不同时期罗汉果蛋白质组图谱有明显差别,与30d罗汉果蛋白组图谱比较,随果实发育、成熟,60d罗汉果有29个新的蛋白产生,30个蛋白消失,16个蛋白表达3倍升高和15个蛋白表达50%下调。结论:罗汉果生长、发育和成熟的不同阶段受特定基因的表达调控。     

无籽罗汉果选育的初步研究

采用多倍体诱导、不同倍性配子杂交和组织培养等技术方法,培育出三倍体无籽罗汉果新种质类型。通过与当前罗汉果主要品种的对比栽培实验和观测,表明无籽罗汉果优良株系花、叶等器官形体较大,植株长势健旺,现蕾开花较早,果实无籽或极少籽,甜苷Ⅴ含量比其母本提高36.28%。其生物学性状的变化,尤其是甜甙含量的提高和抗性的增强,表现出了重大的开发利用价值。就无籽罗汉果的生育周期、形态特征、生长发育规律以及果实品质进行初步报道。     

遮荫处理对罗汉果果肉组织中罗汉果苷和糖分含量的影响

该研究以罗汉果品种“永青1号”为材料,在果实发育后期进行不同强度的遮荫处理,测定遮荫处理下果肉组织中罗汉果苷各组分含量、各种糖分的积累及其相关糖代谢酶活性、叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明：重度遮荫(70％遮荫)会导致果实中罗汉果甜苷Ⅴ含量显著提高,遮荫60 d(授粉后90 d),对照与70％遮荫处理果实中罗汉果甜苷Ⅴ含量分别为4.83％、5.79％,差异达极显著水平( P<0.01);70％遮荫处理下果实中葡萄糖、果糖含量也明显高于对照( P<0.05)。与罗汉果甜苷Ⅴ、葡萄糖、果糖含量的变化不同,遮荫60 d,70％遮荫处理下罗汉果果实中可溶性糖、蔗糖的含量分别显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)低于对照。另外,遮荫处理导致罗汉果叶片净光合速率下降,遮荫40 d,70％遮荫处理下叶片的净光合速率显著低于对照( P<0.05)。综上说明,重度遮荫处理可以引起罗汉果果实品质的改变;光合速率下降是遮荫处理下可溶性糖含量降低的主要原因;SPS、AI、SSC活性的改变则是遮荫导致蔗糖含量降低及葡萄糖、果糖含量上升的重要因素;重度遮荫条件下,荫棚中温度降低可能是罗汉果果实中甜苷Ⅴ含量增高的关键诱因。该研究结果为罗汉果的生产及品质调控提供了理论依据。     

甜苷V提取型罗汉果优良品种选育

为选育甜苷V提取型罗汉果优良品种,对19个罗汉果品种的甜苷Ⅴ含量、单株产量、果肉含量、水浸出物、总糖和总苷含量6个性状进行考察研究,综合打分评价。结果表明,F018、F014、F020综合指数较高,可作为甜苷V提取型罗汉果优良品种,为罗汉果新一代品种选育研究奠定基础。     

不同产地罗汉果总皂苷、甜苷V和硒含量及指纹图谱研究

对不同产地同一品种收获期罗汉果总皂苷、甜苷V和硒的含量进行比较,了解罗汉果的品质特点与产地的相关性,科学指导种植区域的生产规划,明确不同区域罗汉果的品质特点和开发等直接关系到罗汉果深加工产业的质量与发展。采用香草醛-浓硫酸试剂分光光度比色法分别测量各罗汉果果实样品中总皂苷的含量,采用高效液相色谱法测量甜苷V的含量,采用氢化物原子荧光光谱法测量其中硒的含量,并对各指标进行方差分析和差异显著性的多重比较。结果表明,各样品总皂苷含量在2.42%~3.34%之间,甜苷V含量在0.68%~1.41%之间,硒含量在5.634~41.462μg/kg之间;来源于不同产地的罗汉果样品,其总皂苷含量差异并不显著,但甜苷V和硒含量分别表现出显著差异;广西、湖南和四川,罗汉果果实总皂苷和甜苷V含量均可达到药典指标要求。因此,罗汉果具有较广的种植区域,但不同产地甜苷V含量差异相对显著,暗示果实甜苷V的转化效率或成熟度具有一定差异,宜根据产地及年度气候条件适当调整收获期,以满足不同加工利用的需要。     

不同遮荫处理罗汉果内在品质的变化研究

以罗汉果‘永青1号'品种为试验材料,在授粉30 d后,设置不遮荫、遮荫70%、遮荫95%三个处理,探讨遮荫对罗汉果总苷、总糖、维生素C等内在品质的影响。结果表明:在授粉30 d后,对罗汉果进行一定程度的遮荫处理,显著提高了罗汉果果实重要内含物总苷、甜苷Ⅴ、总糖和维生素C的含量,可有效改善罗汉果果实的内在品质。遮荫70%处理条件下较适宜罗汉果果实内含物的累积。     

桂北地区不同品种、不同产地鲜罗汉果中总甙、甙V含量测定

分别采用紫外分光光度比色法(UV-vis)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了不同产地,不同品种罗汉果中的总甙和甙V的含量。测定结果表明:同一品种不同产地罗汉果中总甙含量、甙V成分变化不大,不同品种的总甙、甜味成分V均有明显差别。     

罗汉果皂苷V在人工胃液中的稳定性和体外代谢研究

为了研究罗汉果皂苷V在胃肠道中的稳定性及体外代谢特征,该研究首先考察罗汉果皂苷V在人工胃液中的稳定性,然后在体外模拟人肠内环境,研究人肠内细菌对该成分的代谢作用,并采用LCMS/IT-TOF液质联用仪分析了培养液中的化学成分,考察了罗汉果皂苷V在人工胃液和人肠道菌群培养液中的变化。结果表明:罗汉果皂苷V在人工胃液条件下,迅速发生酸水解反应,分别脱去3个糖苷、4个糖苷、5个糖苷及2个氢转化为二糖苷、一糖苷与脱氢苷元,其脱糖反应随着时间的延长而反应越完全,反应4 h后就只剩下苷元; 该化合物在人的肠道菌群作用下经过脱糖反应转化为四糖苷、三糖苷、二糖苷、一糖苷,经过糖苷化反应转化成六糖苷。通过体外实验,初步了解罗汉果皂苷V在胃液和肠道环境中的降解规律,该研究结果为今后探讨罗汉果皂苷在人体内的代谢与生物转化规律提供了物质和技术基础。     

欧洲榛子贮藏及萌发生理特性研究

对欧洲榛子(Corylus avellanaL.)在沙藏、萌发、幼苗生长阶段的种仁养分和保护酶活性动态变化特点进行了研究,结果表明:种子萌发后107 d营养耗尽;沙藏过程中种仁的干重、粗脂肪含量略下降,萌发后下降迅速且与时间呈线性负相关;可溶性糖在沙藏至萌发后12 d内下降而后上升,萌发24 d后上升迅速,72 d后进入高峰期;淀粉含量在沙藏过程中下降,萌发后上升并在萌发48 d取得11.12%的峰值后下降;游离氨基酸总量在沙藏期间下降,萌发前12 d开始升高,在萌发36~48 d达155.31 mg/100 g的高峰后降低;可溶性蛋白50.87 mg/g的峰值出现在萌发前12 d;SOD在萌发前12 d至萌发后12 d、CAT由萌发起24 d内、POD在萌发36 d后分别出现活性高峰,对种仁营养按测定时间进行的聚类分析结果与依据幼苗干重划分的幼苗生长阶段相吻合。     

Light-induced flavone biosynthesis and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and UDP-apiose synthetase in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense

Summary The formation of flavone glycosides in cell suspension cultures from parsley leaf petiols after illumination with high intensities of white light was demonstrated. Changes in the activities of two of the enzymes involved in flavone glycoside biosynthesis (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and UDP-apiose synthetase) were measured over a period of 14 days. The two enzymes reached maximum specific activities after significantly different periods of time.     

Mogroside V reduce OVA-induced pulmonary inflammation based on lung and serum metabolomics

BackgroundMogroside V, the main ingredient of Siraitia grosvenorii, has been proved to have therapeutic effects on pulmonary diseases. The specific mechanism still remains to be clarified, which hinders the potence of its medicinal value.PurposeSerum and lung metabolomics based on LC-MS analysis were applied to explore the mechanism of mogroside V against lung inflammation.MethodIn this study, balb/c mice were divided into control, model, mogeoside V and SH groups. We evaluated the protective effects of mogroside V on lung inflammation in asthmatic mice. Suhuang Zhike Jiaonang was used as positive drug. Metabolic profiles of serum and lung samples of mice in control, model and mogroside V groups were analyzed by LC-MS.ResultsAdministration of mogroside V effectively relieved the expression of biochemical cytokines and lung inflammatory infiltration of asthmatic mice caused by ovalbumin (OVA). And visceral index of mice treated with mogroside V was close to control group. These results indicated that mogroside V ameliorated OVA-induced lung inflammation. LC-MS based metabolomics analysis demonstrated 6 main pathways in asthmatic mice including Vitamin B6 metabolism, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, Histidine metabolism, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) were regulated after using mogroside V.ConclusionThe study firstly elucidates the metabolic pathways regulated by mogroside V on lung inflammation through metabolomics, providing a theoretical basis for more sufficient utilization and compatibility of mogroside V.     

Premature induction of amylase in pancreas and parotid gland of growing rats by dexamethasone.

Studies were made on changes in the contents of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in the pancreas and parotid gland of rats during postnatal development, on the premature induction of this enzyme by hormones and on the existence of specific glucocorticoid receptors in these tissues. The amylase content in the pancreas increased from the 9th day after birth and reached the adult level on the 28th day, its content in the parotid gland increased rapidly from the 16th to the 28th day after birth and then rose more gradually to the adult level. Injection of dexamethasone into rats 6--8 days after birth induced increase in the amylase of the pancreas but not the parotid gland. However, injection of dexamethasone into weanling rats 21--23 days after birth resulted in precocious induction of amylase in both tissues. Specific glucocorticoid receptors were detectable in the parotid gland of rats from 6 days after birth but were almost undetectable in the pancreas until adolescence.     

Changes in structural and functional properties of actin in denervated rabbit skeletal muscles

Amino acid composition of actin from white skeletal muscles of the rabbit was studied 14 and 50 days after denervation. The content of valine, histidine and tyrosine was shown to decrease and that of lysine and leucine to increase on the 14th day following denervation. The content of these amino acids was almost normalised on the 50th day. In case of actin obtained from the contralateral leg similar but less pronounced changes were revealed. The results obtained are discussed as to the role played by some of amino acids in actin polymerization.