脂肪细胞中Munc18c的缺失不影响胰岛素诱导的GLUT4转运(已撤稿2016-01-13)

动物脂肪和肌肉组织中葡萄糖的摄取是通过受胰岛素调控的GLUT4储存囊泡的运输实现的.Sec1p的同源物Munc18c被认为是通过控制SNARE复合物的装配来使GLUT4囊泡锚定到质膜上的重要物质.我们发现Munc18c的缺失没有影响GLUT4的转运上膜,也没有影响Syntaxin4在细胞膜上的定位.在缺少Munc18c和功能性Syntaxin2的时候,GLUT4的转运可能和Munc18b有关.在3T3-L1脂肪细胞中与Syntaxin4具有强烈相互作用的是Munc18c而不是Munc18a和Munc18b.然而,当缺少Munc18c时,Munc18a和Munc18b与Syntaxin4体现出较弱的相互作用.因此,Syntaxin4可能在胰岛素刺激GLUT4转运过程中起到重要的作用,且与SM蛋白的相互作用是有代偿性的.     

脂肪细胞中Munc18c的缺失不影响胰岛素诱导的GLUT4转运

动物脂肪和肌肉组织中葡萄糖的摄取是通过受胰岛素调控的GLUT4储存囊泡的运输实现的.Sec1p的同源物Munc18c被认为是通过控制SNARE复合物的装配来使GLUT4囊泡锚定到质膜上的重要物质.我们发现Munc18c的缺失没有影响GLUT4的转运上膜,也没有影响Syntaxin4在细胞膜上的定位.在缺少Munc18c和功能性Syntaxin2的时候,GLUT4的转运可能和Munc18b有关.在3T3-L1脂肪细胞中与Syntaxin4具有强烈相互作用的是Munc18c而不是Munc18a和Munc18b.然而,当缺少Munc18c时,Munc18a和Munc18b与Syntaxin4体现出较弱的相互作用.因此,Syntaxin4可能在胰岛素刺激GLUT4转运过程中起到重要的作用,且与SM蛋白的相互作用是有代偿性的.     

更正

<正>于莹莹,等.鸡IGFBP2基因3′UTR区1196CA单核苷酸多态性的功能性鉴定及分析.生物化学与生物物理进展,2014,41(11):1163-1172因编辑部工作失误造成上述论文图3的部分内容在印刷版中缺失,现将正确的图3刊登如下,并就此向作者及广大读者致歉!     

Glucose transporter 4 can be inserted in the membrane without exposing its catalytic site for photolabeling from the medium

Insulin stimulates the production of PI(3,4,5)P3 in muscle cells, and this is required to stimulate GLUT4 fusion with the plasma membrane. Introduction of exogenous PI(3,4,5)P3 to muscle cells recapitulates insulin's effects on GLUT4 fusion with the plasma membrane, but not glucose uptake. This study aims to explore the mechanism behind this difference. In L6-GLUT4myc muscle cells, the availability of the GLUT4 intracellular C-terminus and extracellular myc epitopes for immunoreactivity on plasma membrane lawns was detected with the corresponding antibody. The availability of the active site of GLUT4 from extracellular medium was assessed by affinity photolabeling with the cell impermeant compound Bio-LC-ATB-BMPA. 100nmol/L insulin and 10μmol/L PI(3,4,5)P3 caused myc signal gain on the plasma membrane lawns by 1.64-fold and 1.58-fold over basal, respectively. Insulin, but not PI(3,4,5)P3, increased photolabeling of GLUT4 and immunolabeling with C-terminus antibody by 2.47-fold and 2.04-fold over basal, respectively. Upon insulin stimulation, the C-terminus signal gain was greater than myc signal gain (2.04-fold vs. 1.64-fold over basal, respectively) in plasma membrane lawns. These results indicate that (i) PI(3,4,5)P3 does not make the active site of GLUT4 available from the extracellular surface despite causing GLUT4 fusion with the plasma membrane; (ii) the availability of the active site of GLUT4 from the extracellular medium and availability of the C-terminus from the cytosolic site are correlated; (iii) in addition to stimulating GLUT4 translocation, insulin stimulation displaces a protein which masks the GLUT4 C-terminus. We propose that a protein which masks the C-terminus also prevents the active site from being available for photolabelling and possibly glucose uptake after treatment with PI(3,4,5)P3.     

Syntaxin 1A 与 Munc18a 在细胞内的相互作用和定位研究

Syntaxin 1A (Syn1A) 和 Munc18a 蛋白在囊泡转运和分泌中起着至关重要的作用,然而它们在细胞中分选和转运的分子机制目前尚不清楚 . 我们用绿色荧光蛋白 (EGFP) 和红色荧光蛋白 (TDimer2) 分别标记 Syn1A 和 Munc18a ,并用荧光显微技术观察它们在 BHK-21 和 HEK293 细胞中的转运和定位 . 实验结果表明 Syn1A 主要定位在细胞质膜上,而 Munc18a 主要分布在胞浆中,但是与 Syn1A 共表达时能定位到细胞质膜上 . 删除胞浆部分的 Syn1A 蛋白不能上膜,提示其胞浆结构域在分选和定位过程中起着重要的作用 .     

葡萄糖转运的胰岛素敏感性以及forskolin, dipyridamole和pentobarbital对三种L6 骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖转运的抑制作用

用稳定过表达并带有myc表位的葡萄糖转运子1(glucose transporter 1, GLUT1)或葡萄糖转运子4(glucose transporter 4, GLUT4)的L6骨骼肌细胞株定征GLUT1和GLUT4对胰岛素的响应. 所筛选的L6-GLUT1myc细胞克隆分化前后的葡萄糖摄取量均在线性范围. 100 nmol/L胰岛素使L6-GLUT1myc和L6-GLUT4myc肌原细胞膜上GLUT1或GLUT4的量分别达到基础组的(1.58±0.01)倍和(1.96±0.11)倍, 2-脱氧葡萄糖摄取量分别达到了(1.53±0.09)倍和(1.86±0.17)倍, 此作用可被渥曼青霉素(wortmannin)抑制. 胰岛素刺激了此2种细胞中的Akt磷酸化. L6-GLUT1myc肌原细胞的葡萄糖摄取量对胰岛素浓度呈剂量依赖性, 但与野生型细胞相比, 其对胰岛素的敏感性和最大响应没有改变. 但L6-GLUT4myc肌原细胞的葡萄糖摄取量对胰岛素的敏感性和最大响应均增加. 以前的研究提示毛喉素(forskolin)可能影响胰岛素刺激的GLUT4转位. 本研究表明, 在L6-GLUT4myc细胞中, 毛喉素使胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取减少了65%, 此作用是由它对GLUT4的直接抑制而不是由其对GLUT4转位的影响造成的. 毛喉素和dipyridamole对GLUT4比对GLUT1有更强的抑制作用, 而戊巴比妥(pentobarbital)对GLUT1的抑制作用强于GLUT4. 应用这些抑制剂的结果表明、L6肌原细胞中基础状态下和胰岛素刺激状态下的葡萄糖主要由过表达的GLUT1或GLUT4转运. 因此, L6-GLUT1myc和L6-GLUT4myc细胞株为筛查对肌肉细胞GLUT1或GLUT4的活性或转位有不同作用的化合物提供了一个平台.     

氨基酸及其衍生物的制造与应用

<正> CA 97 (01)381c J 具有抗肿瘤活性的配位化合物。V.同钴和锰的氨基酸络合物。Dragulescu,c.……Farmacia(Bucharest)1981 29(4)215-18(罗马尼亚文)CA 97(01) 3355h J L-组氨酸的生物合成及它们在天蓝色链霉菌中的调节的研究Derkos-Sojak,Vlasta.……Zentralbl.Bakteriol.,Mikrobiol.Hyg., Abt.1,Suppl.1981 11(Actinomycetes)501-6(英文)     

Insulin sensitivity and inhibition by forskolin, dipyridamole and pentobarbital of glucose transport in three L6 muscle cell lines

L6 skeletal muscle myoblasts stably overexpressing glucose transporter GLUT1 or GLUT4 with exofa- cial myc-epitope tags were characterized for their response to insulin. In clonally selected cultures, 2-deoxyglucose uptake into L6-GLUT1myc myoblasts and myotubes was linear within the time of study. In L6-GLUT1myc and L6-GLUT4myc myoblasts, 100 nmol/L insulin treatment increased the GLUT1 content of the plasma membrane by 1.58±0.01 fold and the GLUT4 content 1.96±0.11 fold, as well as the 2-deoxyglucose uptake 1.53±0.09 and 1.86±0.17 fold respectively, all by a wortmannin-inhibitable manner. The phosphorylation of Akt in these two cell lines was increased by insulin. L6-GLUT1myc myoblasts showed a dose-dependent stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin, with unaltered sensitiv- ity and maximal responsiveness compared with wild type cells. By contrast, the improved insulin re- sponsiveness and sensitivity of glucose uptake were observed in L6-GLUT4myc myoblasts. Earlier studies indicated that forskolin might affect insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. A 65% decrease of insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake in GLUT4myc cells was not due to an effect on GLUT4 mobi- lization to the plasma membrane, but instead on direct inhibition of GLUT4. Forskolin and dipyridamole are more potent inhibitors of GLUT4 than GLUT1. Alternatively, pentobarbital inhibits GLUT1 more than GLUT4. The use of these inhibitors confirmed that the overexpressed GLUT1 or GLUT4 are the major functional glucose transporters in unstimulated and insulin-stimulated L6 myoblasts. Therefore, L6-GLUT1myc and L6-GLUT4myc cells provide a platform to screen compounds that may have differ- ential effects on GLUT isoform activity or may influence GLUT isoform mobilization to the cell surface of muscle cells.     

插入到细胞膜上的葡萄糖转运子4可不暴露其被光化学法标记的活性位点

胰岛素刺激骨胳肌产生磷脂酰肌醇3, 4, 5三磷酸(PI(3,4,5)P₃), 它是促进葡萄糖转运子4(GLUT4)与细胞膜融合的必要条件. 向肌肉细胞内导入PI(3,4,5)P₃可以模拟胰岛素刺激GLUT4与细胞膜融合的作用, 但不足以增加细胞摄取葡萄糖的量. 本研究目的是探讨PI(3,4,5)P₃与胰岛素作用不同的机制. 在骨骼肌细胞株(L6-GLUT4myc)中, 应用免疫反应方法检测细胞膜片上与特异性抗体反应的GLUT4的胞浆区羧基末端表位和胞外区myc表位的可用性; 使用不能渗透到细胞内的甘露糖-生物素衍生物Bio-LC-ATB-BMPA, 结合亲和光化学标记法检测GLUT4胞外区的活性位点. 相对于基础组, 100 nmol/L胰岛素和10 mmol/L PI(3,4,5)P₃分别使与myc结合的抗体量增加1.64倍和1.58倍. 胰岛素还使细胞膜上GLUT4的光化学标记量和细胞膜片上与羧基末端表位结合的抗体量分别增加了2.47倍和2.04倍, 而PI(3,4,5)P₃则无此作用. 在胰岛素作用下, 细胞膜片上与羧基末端表位结合的抗体量大于与myc表位结合的抗体量(分别为2.04和1.64倍). 结果表明: (i) 尽管PI(3,4,5)P₃能使GLUT4与细胞膜融合, 但不能使GLUT4胞外区的活性位点暴露; (ii) GLUT4胞外区活性位点的可用性与胞浆区羧基末端的可用性相关; (iii) 除了能刺激GLUT4与细胞膜融合, 胰岛素还使封闭GLUT4羧基末端的蛋白脱离. 推论胞浆内某种蛋白封闭羧基末端, 同样阻止甘露糖-生物素衍生物对GLUT4活性位点的标记, 并可能妨碍GLUT4转运葡萄糖.     

礼服甲螨科中国新纪录属及一新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,甲螨目,礼服甲螨科)

记述了采自贵州省贵阳市花溪区高坡的礼服甲螨科中国新纪录属拟礼服甲螨属Trhypochthoniellus Willmann,1928,及其1新种黔拟礼服甲螨Trhypochthoniellus qianensis sp.nov..新种与分布于日本的孔拟礼服甲螨Trhypochthoniellus porticus Fujikawa,2000近似.区别为:新种后背板毛c2和c3长度相等,且毛的长度短于c2-c3间的距离,孔拟礼服甲螨c2毛的长度远远长于c3,且c2毛的长度长于c2-c3间的距离;新种e1毛的长度末达到f1的着生点,近似种e1毛的长度超过了f1的着生点;新种生殖毛光滑,而近似种生殖毛粗糙;新种足的毛序是Ⅰ:1-3-3(1)-3(1)-10(3);Ⅱ:1-4-3-3-11(1);Ⅲ:2-2-3-3-11;Ⅳ:1-2-2-2-10,近似种足的毛序是Ⅰ:1-6-3-4-12;Ⅱ:1-5-3-3-11;Ⅲ:2-2-2-2-10;Ⅳ:1-2-2-2-11.     

缺血性脑血管病变组织中葡萄糖转运蛋白1的改变

葡萄糖通过血脑屏障从血液中进入脑组织必须依赖葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transporter,GLUT)的帮助.GLUT1是血脑屏障上最主要的GLUT,也是脑毛细血管壁内皮细胞的分子标记.动物研究显示在急性脑缺血后脑内的GLUT1表达增加.检测了7例慢性微血管缺血性脑血管病变(ischemic cerebrovascular diseases,ICVD)的尸检脑组织中的GLUT1水平,并与11例同龄对照组比较.结果发现GLUT1水平在ICVD组中降低.其降低可能是由于低氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-induciblefactor-1α,HIF-1α)的下调所致.但是,在ICVD脑组织中的GLUT1水平降低不伴随有蛋白质O-GlcNAc糖基化水平的下降.上述结果为探讨脑缺血病变的机理提供了新线索.     

孕酮对脑缺氧缺血新生鼠海马葡萄糖转运蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察新生大鼠缺氧缺血后脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1( GLUT1)和葡萄糖转运蛋白3 (GLUT3)的表达情况以及孕酮对其的影响.方法:新生SD大鼠40只,随机分成4组:正常组、假手术组、缺氧缺血组和孕酮组.建立新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑病模型,免疫组化方法检测新生大鼠海马部位GLUT1及GLUT3的表达.结果:正常组和假手术组新生大鼠海马可见少量GLUT1和GLUT3 的表达,两组间无显著差异( P＞0.05);缺氧缺血组GLUT1和GLUT3表达均明显高于假手术组(P＜0.05);孕酮组GLUT的表达不仅明显高于假手术组(P＜0.01),而且明显高于缺氧缺血组(P＜0.05).结论:孕酮通过上调GLUT1和GLUT3的表达以维持脑组织的能量供给,增强神经元对缺氧缺血的耐受性.     

越桔属新分类群

粉花软骨边越桔 新变种 Vaccinium gaultheriifolium (Griff.)Hook.f.ex C.B.Clarke var.glaucorubrumC.Y.Wu,var.nov. A var.gaultheriifolio recedit foliis subtus glabris,basi in utroque uniglan-dulis;pcdicellis brevioribus,4—5mm longis,c.7mm longis in fructescentiam;corollis longioribus,rubidis,8—11mm longis,extra glaucescentibus. Yunnan(云南):Maguan Xian(马关县),in fruticetis declivae,alt.1800—2560m,28 Jul.1961,S.K.Wu(武素功)61-3574(Typus,KUN);Malipo(麻栗坡),26 Maj.1962,K.M.Feng(冯国楣)22889.     

《西北植物学报》参考文献著录体例

1.外文期刊文献著录格式:序号→全部作者→论文题目→期刊名称(斜体)→发表年份→卷(期)→页码。例如:[19]HAMMOND E T,ANDEREWS T J,MOTT K A.Regulation of Rubisco activation in antisense plants of tobacco containing reduced levels of Rubisco activase[J].Plant J.,1998,4(2):101-110.2.中文期刊文献著录格式:序号全部作者(括号中注明姓名的中文)论文题目期刊名称(英文亦可用拉丁文,斜体并在括号     

达格列净对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏葡萄糖转运蛋白2及葡萄糖转运蛋白4基因表达的影响

目的:探讨达格列净对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏葡萄糖转运蛋白2(GLUT2)和葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)基因表达的影响。方法:使用高脂饲料和一次性注射40 mg/kg链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,造模大鼠以空腹血糖(FBG)含量≥16.7 mmol/L时视为造模成功。造模成功后随机分为模型组(B组,生理盐水)、达格列净低剂量组(C组,0.75 mg/kg)、达格列净中剂量组(D组,1.5 mg/kg)、达格列净高剂量组(E组,3.0 mg/kg),每组6只;另选取6只健康的SD大鼠作为正常对照组(A组,生理盐水)。各组均为灌胃给药,每天1次,连续7周。灌胃给药7周后测定大鼠的体重以及血清FBG、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)的变化;采用酶联免疫吸附测定血清及肾组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px);采用HE观察肾脏病理学变化;采用Western blot检测肾脏组织中GLUT2、GLUT4蛋白表达; RT-qPCR检测肾脏组织中GLUT2、GLUT4 mRNA相对表达量。结果:与A组比较,各组大鼠...     

赖氨酸甲基化酶SET7对细胞葡萄糖摄取能力的影响

[目的]探讨SET甲基转移酶7(SET domain containing lysine methyltransferase 7,SET7)对葡萄糖转运载体4(glucose transporter 4,GLUT4)甲基化水平及细胞葡萄糖摄取能力的影响。[方法]通过蛋白甲基化及短肽甲基化实验,明确SET7对GLUT4的甲基化位点;在人胚肾上皮细胞293T中通过siRNA手段沉默SET7蛋白的表达水平,并分别通过蛋白免疫印迹和2-脱氧-3H-D-葡萄糖掺入实验检测GLUT4蛋白在细胞内的亚定位及其对细胞葡萄糖摄取能力的影响。[结果]蛋白甲基化实验表明SET7能够促使GLUT4(1～100aa)这一片段发生甲基化,进一步的短肽甲基化实验证实SET7能够促使GLUT4-K50位点发生单甲基化(K50me);沉默SET7后可限制细胞浆中的GLUT4转移至细胞膜;与对照组相比,SET7沉默组细胞葡萄糖摄取效率降低了76%,经t检验分析,这种差异有统计学意义(P <0. 001)。[结论]SET7可促进GLUT4-K50位点发生单甲基化,沉默SET7后可限制细胞浆中的GLUT4转移至细胞膜,...     

Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in glucose-induced insulin secretion

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms (α and γ) are known to beexpressed in pancreatic islets as well as in insulin-producing cell lines.Ligands of PPAR have been shoWn toenhance glucose-induced insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets.However,their effect on insulin secretionis still unclear.To understand the molecular mechanism by which PPAR7 exerts its effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion,we examined the endogenous activity of PPAR isoforms,and studied the PPARyfunction and its target gene expression in INS-1 cells.We found that:(1)endogenous PPARγ was activatedin a ligand-dependent manner in INS-1 cells;(2)overexpression of PPARy in the absence of PPARγ ligandsenhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion,which indicates that the increased glucose-induced insulin secretionis a PPARγ-mediated event;(3)the addition of both PPARγ and retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands showed asynergistic effect on the augmentation of reporter activity,suggesting that the hetero-dimerization of PPAR7and RXR is required for the regulation of the target genes;(4)PPARs upregulated both the glucose transporter2 (GLUT2) and Cbl-associated protein (CAP) genes in INS-1 cells.Our findings suggest an importantmechanistic pathway in which PPARγ enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion by activating the expressionof GLUT2 and CAP genes in a ligand-dependent manner.     

Diversity and ecological distribution of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants

A total of 973 isolates of endophytic fungi were recovered from 1144 tissue fragments of the six me-dicinal plant species belonging to 4 families collected in the Beijing Botanical Garden. Of these isolates 778 sporulated and were identified into 21 taxa by morphological characteristics. Among the taxa 11 belonged to Coelomycetes, 6 to Ascomycetes, and 4 to Hyphomycetes. Various numbers of endophytic fungi (5―8 taxa) were obtained from each plant. Alternaria alternata was the dominant species in the 6 plants, and Microsphaeropsis conielloides was also dominant in Eucommia ulmoides. There were high colonization rates (47.9%―63.1%) and isolation rates (0.7―0.93) of endophytic fungi, and they were conspicuously higher in twigs than those in leaves in the 6 plants examined. The colonization and isolation rates of endophytic fungi increased with the twig age. The results based on the analyses of cluster and Sorenson's similarity coefficients indicated that some endophytic fungi showed a certain degree of host and tissue preference.     

植物组织培养简报摘编

收稿2003-03-10修定　2003-08-11资助　广东省高新技术成果孵化项目(97FF-11)。 *通讯作者(E-mail:duanj@scib.ac.cn,Tel: 020-37252978)。植物材料、外植体 培养条件 结 果 作者(单位)矮生沿阶草(Ophio-pogon japonicus cv.Nanus)茎尖 丛生芽诱导及增殖培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 5.0 mg.L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.5; (2)MS 6-BA2.0 NAA0.2; (3)MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1; (4)MS 6-BA0.5 NAA 0.05。生根培…