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植物对重金属的耐性机理 总被引:62,自引:3,他引:62
植物对重金属的耐性机理杨居荣,黄翌(北京师范大学环境科学研究所,100875)MechanismofHeavyMetalToleranceofPlants.¥YangJurong;HuangYi(InstituteofEnviron-mentalSc... 相似文献
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Bioremediation is an integrated management of a polluted ecosystem where different organisms are employed to catalyze the natural processes that decontaminate the environment. The potential role of bioremediation, particularly higher terrestrial plants (phytoremediation) research in the remediation of metal-polluted sites, has been the focus of much research in recent years. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are soil microorganisms that establish mutual symbiosis with the majority of higher plants, providing direct links between fungi and roots. This paper reviews the incidence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in metal polluted sites, their role in imparting metal tolerance to plants, the factors affecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in metal polluted sites, and their mechanism of heavy metal tolerance. Particular attention is given to the current methodologies and challenges in this field. 相似文献
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Heavy metal-contaminated soil is one of the major environmental
pollution problems of agricultural production and human health in the world.
Remediation of heavy metals in soil is one of the most popular research subjects.
Different remediation strategies have been reported to remove heavy metals from
contaminated soil, among which phytoremediation is the most important one.
Compared with other major crops, cotton shows the strongest and most widespread resistance to abiotic stresses, such as heavy metals. Although heavy metal
stress adversely affects the growth and development of cotton, cotton possesses a
set of sophisticated stress-resistance strategies. As the main product of cotton is
nonedible fibers, which have a large biomass and strong heavy metal absorption
and enrichment capacities, cotton is an ideal crop to restore heavy metal-contaminated
soils and has unique advantages in terms of both ecological and economic benefits,
with great application prospects. In this review, based on domestic and foreign
research results in recent years, the effects of heavy metals on cotton growth and
product quality were analyzed, the heavy metal absorption, accumulation, translocation and enrichment characteristics of cotton plants were summarized, and the
adaptation and tolerance mechanisms of cotton to heavy metals were explored.
Furthermore, the view that cotton is an effective crop to remediate heavy metal
pollution in farmland soil has been proposed, and popularization and application
suggestions for planting cotton to repair heavy metal pollution have been put
forward to provide a reference for the comprehensive evaluation of the economic
feasibility of cotton to repair heavy metal pollution in farmland soil. 相似文献
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Alexander S T Papadopulos Andrew J Helmstetter Owen G Osborne Aaron A Comeault Daniel P Wood Edward A Straw Laurence Mason Michael F Fay Joe Parker Luke T Dunning Andrew D Foote Rhian J Smith Jackie Lighten 《Molecular biology and evolution》2021,38(9):3724
The impact of human-mediated environmental change on the evolutionary trajectories of wild organisms is poorly understood. In particular, capacity of species to adapt rapidly (in hundreds of generations or less), reproducibly and predictably to extreme environmental change is unclear. Silene uniflora is predominantly a coastal species, but it has also colonized isolated, disused mines with phytotoxic, zinc-contaminated soils. To test whether rapid, parallel adaptation to anthropogenic pollution has taken place, we used reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of geographically proximate mine and coastal population pairs and found largely independent colonization of mines from different coastal sites. Furthermore, our results show that parallel evolution of zinc tolerance has occurred without gene flow spreading adaptive alleles between mine populations. In genomic regions where signatures of selection were detected across multiple mine-coast pairs, we identified genes with functions linked to physiological differences between the putative ecotypes, although genetic differentiation at specific loci is only partially shared between mine populations. Our results are consistent with a complex, polygenic genetic architecture underpinning rapid adaptation. This shows that even under a scenario of strong selection and rapid adaptation, evolutionary responses to human activities (and other environmental challenges) may be idiosyncratic at the genetic level and, therefore, difficult to predict from genomic data. 相似文献
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该研究以地衣体内分离培养的3种共生藻体(A、B、C)为材料,采用光学显微镜徒手切片技术,测定地衣体内藻细胞存活率;并采用BCO和双硫腙、二甲酚橙和碘化钾-罗丹明B分光光度法,测定培养液和藻体内不同重金属含量,分析3种共生藻体对重金属Cu^2+、Zn^2+、Pb^2+、Cd^2+的吸附特性及其耐受性差异,以明确地衣与重金属胁迫的关系,为重金属污染水体的生物修复提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)在不同重金属胁迫下,3种藻体对4种重金属的耐性大小均表现为Zn^2+>Pb^2+>Cu^2+>Cd^2+,重金属对3种藻体的毒性大小依次是Cu^2+(藻体B>藻体A>藻体C)、Zn^2+(藻体B>藻体A>藻体C)、Pb^2+(藻体B>藻体A>藻体C)、Cd2+(藻体B>藻体C>藻体A)。(2)3种藻体对Zn^2+、Pb^2+的吸附性均高于Cu2+和Cd2+,而且藻体B对不同重金属的吸附性能均高于藻体A和C。(3)3种藻体所吸附的重金属含量与其胁迫浓度及培养时间均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),3种藻体对重金属的耐受性与吸附性呈正相关关系。研究发现,来自地衣体的3种藻体对Cu^2+、Zn^2+、Pb^2+和Cd^2+的耐受性和吸附性远远高于一些自由生长藻类,证明来自地衣体的藻类是修复重金属污染生物吸附剂的良好材料,该研究结果为地衣体内藻在水体重金属污染生物修复中的实际应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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转基因衣藻对重金属的抗性及对镉离子的富集 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:研究了转基因衣藻对不同重金属离子的抗性和对Cd^2+的富集行为。方法:将MT-like基因在莱茵衣藻细胞中的表达后通过摇瓶实验测试其对重金属离子的抗性和富集能力。结果:转基因衣藻对Pb^2+、Zn^2+和Cd^2+三种重金属离子的抗性得到明显增强,其中以对Zn^2+的抗性增强最为显著。转基因藻对Cd^2+的富集能力经MT-like蛋白表达后较野生藻细胞有较大增加,最大达到144.48μmol/g,为野生藻的8.3倍。结论:转基因衣藻对重金属离子的抗性和对Cd^2+的富集能力较野生衣藻有较大提高。 相似文献
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植物对重金属镉的耐受机制 总被引:48,自引:0,他引:48
镉离子(Cd^2+)具有强植物毒性,抑制植物生长,甚至使植物死亡。由于长期的环境选择和适应进化,植物发展出耐受机制,可减轻或避免Cd^2+的毒害。硫转运蛋白、硫还原相关酶类以及半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽和植物螯合肽合成基因的表达受Cd^2+调控。同时这些基因的过表达也能提高植物对Cd^2+的耐性。植物抗氧化系统对Cd^2+胁迫诱发的活性氧的清除作用,具转运Cd^2+活性的质膜转运蛋白促进Cd^2+经共质体途径向木质部运输、装载,而后随蒸腾流向地上部迁移,具转运Cd^2+活性的液泡膜转运蛋白促进Cd^2+进入液泡的隔离作用,都在植物对Cd^2+的耐性中起作用。 相似文献
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重金属残留的快速检测 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
环境及农畜产品中的重金属残留已对人类安全构成严重威胁,急需快速、高效的重金属残留检测方法。该文总结了国内外有关采用生物、化学传感器、免疫学方法等快速检测环境及农畜产品中重金属残留的研究进展,并对其发展前景及市场化作了预测及展望。 相似文献
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基因工程改良植物重金属抗性与富集能力的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
基于分子水平上对植物吸收、解毒、忍耐以及超富集重金属的几个关键步骤的认识,以及一些功能基因相继在细菌、酵母、植物和动物中被分离、鉴定,近年来,人们利用转基因技术提高植物重金属抗性和富集能力方面已获得进展, 一些功能基因(如gsh1, MerA和ArsC)及其工程植物已显示出植物修复产业化潜力。特别对转基因技术所采取的分子生物学途径、达到的效果以及存在的问题进行了详述,对今后研究的重点和策略进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Heavy metal binding complexes found in the cytoplasm of plant cells are widely reported to be responsible fox metal resistance. It is believed that these metal binding complexes may play an important role in the accumulation of heavy metal and preventing them from entering the ptant metabolic pathways. This review summarizes information on purification, characterization and properties of these molecules. In view of their inducibility, low molecular weight, specific optical characteristics (high absorption at 254nm and low absorption at 280 nm), high cysteine content and high capacity for binding heavy metal, these complexes were once proposed to be metallothionein-like molecules. However differing from metallothionein of animal system, heavy metal binding complexes in plants are comprised mainly of three amino acids with a unique structure of (γ-Glu-Cys)n-Gly ((γ-EC)nG) (n=2—11). With the presence of γ-carboxyl group peptide linkage, the complexes are thought not to be synthesized via mRNA but the product of biosynthetic pathway using glutatkione as precursor. 相似文献
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3个瑞典能源柳无性系对铅污染耐受性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
以3个能源柳无性系[能源柳C(Salix fragilis)、能源柳E(Salix viminalis)、能源柳2(Salix dascladus)]插穗为材料,在水培条件下研究了3个无性系在不同浓度铅胁迫下的插穗萌条生长、根系发育和铅中毒的生理生态反应,并通过隶属函数法对它们耐铅性进行综合评价,探索瑞典能源柳在修复铅污染环境方面的利用价值.结果显示:低浓度铅胁迫(Pb 200 mg·L-1)能促进'能源柳C'和'能源柳2'根系的生长,同时根长增加、根数增多;当铅浓度继续增加时(>Pb 400 mg·L-1),3个能源柳无性系生物量显著下降(P<0.05).随着铅胁迫浓度的增加,3个无性系细胞膜透性显著高于对照(P<0.05);'能源柳2'叶片的叶绿素含量先上升后降低,其他2个无性系则持续降低,并大多与对照有显著差异.3个能源柳无性系的抗铅能力大小为'能源柳C'>'能源柳2'>'能源柳E'.研究发现,若以生物量减少20%作为指标来确定植物耐性临界值的上限标准,则3个能源柳无性系在铅污染环境中均有一定的适应性;能源柳是一种较好的耐铅性植物,可用于铅污染土壤的修复. 相似文献
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梨形环棱螺五种酶分子与大运河底泥重金属含量相关分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用样点笼内放养法,研究了京杭大运河不同污染程度环境对梨形环棱螺内脏团中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)和胆碱酯酶(CHE)的影响,进行了酶活性与样点底泥重金属含量的相关分析.结果表明,梨形环棱螺组织抗氧化保护酶系统的SOD、CAT、GSH-PX和GST活性是指示污染的敏感指标,其监测结果与水化学评价结果基本一致.在10 d暴露中,SOD酶活性被激活,CAT、GSH-PX和GST酶活性在污染环境中被抑制,CHE活性变化比较复杂.酶活性变化与底泥重金属的含量相关性很大. 相似文献