蒙药土木香的化学成分研究CSCD

研究蒙药土木香的化学成分,采用RP-HPLC、硝酸银硅胶色谱等方法分离纯化,应用NMR、MS等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构,共分离鉴定了22个单体化合物,分别为5α,6α-dihydroxy-eudesma-11(13)-dien-12,8β-olide(1)、4α-hydroxy-5-methoxy-5,8α-dimethyl-3-methylenedecahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one(2)、木香烯内酯(3)、土木香内酯(4)、异土木香内酯(5)、11,13-二氢土木香内酯(6)、alloalantolactone(7)、4α,5β-环氧-1(10),11(13)-吉玛烷-12,8α-交酯(8)、septuplinolide(9)、8-epi-ivangustin(10)、santamarine(11)、racemosalactone A(12)、3-oxo-eudesma-4(11)-dien-12,8β-olide(13)、telekin(14)、igalane(15)、macrophyllilactone E(16)、4α,15-环氧异土木香内酯(17)、11,13-dihydroxy-alantolactone(18)、1(2),4(15),11(3)-eudesma-trien-12,8β-olide(19)、亚麻酸(20)、亚油酸(21)、油酸(22)。化合物1是新倍半萜内酯类化合物,化合物2、3、9~14、17、19~22为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物4~8、15、16、18为土木香药材中已报道的化合物。     

青叶胆植物中的红白金花内酯和青叶胆内酯的结构

本文报告龙胆科獐牙菜属植物青叶胆(Swertia mileensis T.N.Ho et W.L.Shih)中分到的两个微量内酯成分Ⅰ和Ⅱ。经UV.~1H NMR.~(13)C NMR.MS.证明Ⅰ是红白金花内酯(erythrocentaurin),Ⅱ是一新化合物,命名为青叶胆内酯(swermirin)。探讨了青叶胆内酯和獐牙菜甙(sweroside)以及红白金花内酯之间的关系。认为青叶胆内酯是獐牙菜甙,獐牙菜苦甙(swertiamarin)的酶解分子重排游离甙元。此外还讨论了青叶胆内酯部分结构C_7、C_8、C_(10)碳核及与其相连氢核和甲基偏向高场的原因。     

五指莲重楼的甾体皂甙(2)

从五指莲重楼根中(Paris axialis)分离鉴定了七个甾体皂甙,其中有一新甙Ⅶ,经MS、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和化学降解方法证明其化学结构为:24α-羟基偏诺皂甙元-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基1→2[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基1→4]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。     

滇藏杜英化学成分研究

通过有机溶剂提取、色谱等手段从滇藏杜英(Elaeocarpus braceanus)分离到17个化合物,根据氢谱(1H NMR)、碳谱(13C NMR)、质谱(MS)等波谱解鉴定分别为3-氨基4-羟基-苯甲酸-1-O-β-D-吡喃木糖甙(1)、3,5,7-三羟基-4'-甲氧基黄酮(2)、杨梅素(3)、5-O-甲基-杨梅素(4)、4'-O-甲基-杨梅素(5)、二氢山奈酚(6)、二氢杨梅素(7)、杨梅素3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(8)、山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(9)、4'-O甲基-杨梅素3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(10)、7,4'-O–二甲基杨梅素3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(11)、4'-O–甲基杨梅素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(12)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(13)、(3β,9β,10α,16α,23R)-16,23-epoxy-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-20-hydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,24-dien-11-one(14)、β-谷甾醇(15)、β-胡萝卜甙(16)和3,5-二羟基4-甲氧基苯甲酸(17),其中1为新化合物,其它16个化合物是首次从滇藏杜英中发现。     

滇黄芩甙A和B的结构

从龙胆科滇黄芩属植物滇黄芩(Veratrilla baillonii Franch)中分离得到两个新的酮二糖甙,经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR,FAB-MS,MS,2D NMR,UV,IR等物理方法和化学反应,推定为:2,3,4,7-四甲氧基酮-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖(6←1)-β-D-木糖甙(1)和7-羟基-2,3,4-三甲氧基酮-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖(6←1)-β-D-木糖甙(2),分别命名为:滇黄芩甙A和滇黄芩甙B。     

天山棱子芹化学成分的研究

从天山棱子芹中首次分离得到15个已知化合物,通过NMR、MS及IR等波谱数据,分别鉴定为6,7-二羟基香豆素(1),( )-marmesin(2),marmesinin(3),5,7,4'-三羟基黄酮(4),莰非醇3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙(5),藤黄菌素3'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(6),(R)-6-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-methylcyclohex-2-enone(7),4-羟基苯甲酸(8),3-甲氧基4羟基苯甲酸(9),3-甲氧基-4,5-亚甲二氧基苯甲酸(10),丁香酸甲酯(11),丁香酸甲酯4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(12),姜油酮4’-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(13),2-(4-羟基苯基)-乙醇(14)和正二十八醇(15)。其中化合物7为一新的天然产物。     

油菜饼的黄酮成分研究

从油茶饼正丁醇提取物中分离到两个黄酮甙,经UV、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、EI-MS、FAB-MS等仪器分析,鉴定为山奈酚-3-O-葡萄吡喃糖基(6→1)鼠李吡喃糖甙(1)和山奈酚-3-O-葡萄吡喃糖基-[(2→1)葡萄吡喃糖基](6→1)鼠李吡喃糖甙(2)。正丁醇提取物以酸水解亦分离到山奈酚(4)。油茶饼正丁醇提取物中还分离到蔗糖,得率达2.3％。     

长叶竹柏中的化学成分

从罗汉松科罗汉松属植物长叶竹柏(Podocarpus fleuryi Hiekle)中分得11种成分。根据理化性质,波谱方法及化学反应分别鉴定为棕榈酸(1),柳杉酚(2),β-谷甾醇(3),竹柏内酯 A(4),竹柏内酯 B(5),异银杏双黄酮(6),β-谷甾醇硬脂酸酯(7),3β,5α-二羟基-6-豆甾酮(8),5α-羟基-6-豆甾酮-3β-棕榈酸酯(9),胡萝卜甙(10)和丁香甙(11)。所有成分在该植物中均属首次报道,其中化合物9为新化合物。双内酯化合物4及5具有极强的细胞毒作用。     

棉毛橐吾根茎中化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶、Toyopearl HW-40凝胶及Diaion HP-20树脂等色谱方法从云南丽江棉毛橐吾中分离得到化合物18个,通过理化手段及波谱技术分别鉴定为:呋喃艾里莫芬-14β,6α-内酯(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、惕格酸(3)、棕榈酸(4)、十九烷酸甲酯(5)、艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-12,8α(14β,6α)-二内酯(6)、8β-甲氧基艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-12,8α(14β,6α)-二内酯(7)、1-O-十六烷酰基甘油酯(8)、8β-羟基艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-12,8α(14β,6α)-二内酯(9)、对羟基桂皮酸甲酯(10)、对羟基苯乙酮(11)、伞形花内酯(12)、3,4-二羟基苯乙酮(13)、胡萝卜苷(14)、1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(15)、对羟基桂皮酸(16)、咖啡酸(17)及七叶内酯(18),其中化合物4~5,8,10,13,15及17,18为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

何首乌中新的二苯乙烯甙

用反相层析法从何首乌(Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.)根茎的水提物中分得2个新的二苯乙烯甙(1、 2)及9个已知化合物:没食子酸(3)、 2,6-二羟基-苯甲酸(4)、吲哚-3-(L-α-氨基-α-羟基-丙酸)甲酯(5)、 1, 2-二羟基丙烷-1-(4-羟基-苯基) (6)、大黄素(7)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(8)、(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(9)、 2, 3, 4′, 5-四羟基反式二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(10)和 2, 3, 4′, 5-四羟基反式二苯乙烯-2, 3-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(11).新化合物结构通过理化性质与波谱分析特别是 2D NMR得以确定.化合物2表现出很强的DNA裂解活性,化合物1、2与10具有很强的抗脂质过氧化活性.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.