反复电刺激大鼠上矢状窦后的抑郁行为学表现

目的 观察反复电刺激清醒状态下大鼠上矢状窦后的行为学表现.方法 24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组连续给予21d电刺激(电流1～2 mA、频率20 Hz、正弦波,脉冲宽度250 μs,持续15分钟/次,1次/天),通过观察大鼠体重变化、液体消耗实验及旷场实验来评价大鼠是否抑郁.结果 电刺激21d后,实验组较对照组大鼠体重增长减慢(P＜0.05),其差别有统计学意义;实验组旷场实验得分、液体消耗实验中糖水消耗量和蔗糖偏嗜度均明显下降,与对照组相比有统计学差异(P＜0.05);而纯水消耗量显著升高(P＜0.05).结论 21d反复电刺激清醒状态下大鼠上矢状窦,大鼠有抑郁的行为学表现.     

两种非甾体类抗炎药对清醒状态血管源性头痛模型大鼠颅内Fos表达的影响

目的通过观察血管源性头痛清醒动物模型中Fos阳性细胞在三叉神经节及三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核的分布情况,明确两种非甾体类抗炎药NSAID对乙酰氨基酚及布洛芬在头痛控制中,在颅内特定区域的作用机理。方法 30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(生理盐水组)、对乙酰氨基酚组、布洛芬组,每组给药后50 min分别给予频率为20 Hz、电流为3~5 mA和脉宽为0.25 ms的电刺激,刺激后给予大鼠灌注固定取脑,分别在颅内取三叉神经节及三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核制作石蜡切片,进行免疫组织化学染色,利用Image J软件对阳性细胞进行计数统计。结果电刺激后盐水组与非甾体类药物组在双侧三叉神经节、三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核Fos蛋白表达的差异具有显著统计学意义,对乙酰氨基酚组与布洛芬组在双侧三叉神经节、三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核Fos蛋白表达未见统计学差异。结论给予非甾体类抗炎前后在双侧三叉神经节、三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核的Fos表达的改变提示三叉神经节、三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核参与了疼痛的传递和表达以及药物对疼痛控制的药理过程。     

疼痛刺激对大鼠脊髓上水平神经元NADPH—d和Fos表达的影响

目的：研究一氧化氮合酶（NOS）阳性神经元在中脑导水管周围灰质（APG）和中缝背核（DR）内的分布,探讨脊髓上水平一氧化氮（NO）与外周痛的关系。方法：SD大鼠20只,随机分为2组,每组10只。实验组大鼠单侧后肢足底皮下注射5％福尔马林0.1ml,对照组大鼠于相同部位注射生理盐水0.1ml。2h后常规灌注、固定、取材大鼠中脑所在段、切片。切片按序分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三套。全部切片先作NADPH－d组织化学反应,镜检阳性切片,Ⅰ套继续作中性红染色,Ⅱ、Ⅲ套作c-fos免疫细胞化学反应,其中Ⅲ套用0.01mol/LPBS代替c-fos抗体。封片后镜下观察。结果：NADPH－d阳性神经元主要分布于PAG腹外侧核（CGLV）、背外侧核（CGLD）和DR;大鼠足底注射福尔马林后可在上述部位发现NADPH－d、Fos和NADPH－d/Fos三种标记的阳性神经元。结论：脊髓上水平NO可能在PAG和DR的痛觉调制中起作用。     

电刺激大鼠苍白球对黑质I型神经元的影响

采用细胞外记录方法,分别观察了黑质（ＳＮ）Ｉ型神经元对刺激苍白球（ＧＰ）内侧部及外侧部的反应。实验共记录了９６个Ｉ型神经元。刺激ＧＰ的内侧部,有５７个（５９．３８％）神经元顺行抑制。刺激ＧＰ的外侧部,有８６个（８９．５８％）神经元被顺行抑制;２个（２．０８％）被逆行激活,被逆行激活的神经元产生的诱发电位潜伏期恒定且短（分别为８．０和８．５ｍｓ）。被顺行抑制的神经元中,有的产生抑制、兴奋交替出现的振     

高频刺激丘脑底核对帕金森病大鼠模型纹状体NOS阳性神经元的影响

目的观察高频刺激丘脑底核对帕金森病(PD)大鼠纹状体中NOS阳性神经元的影响,以探求其作用机制。方法应用6OHDA制备偏侧PD大鼠模型,丘脑底核区埋入刺激电极进行电刺激,采用组织化学方法观察纹状体中NOS阳性神经元的变化。结果PD大鼠纹状体中NOS阳性神经元数与正常大鼠相比明显增加(P<0.01),经电刺激后PD大鼠纹状体NOS阳性神经元数量明显减少,且与正常大鼠相比无显著性差异。结论高频电刺激丘脑底核治疗PD的机制之一可能是与其抑制纹状体NO的过度释放有关。     

电刺激大鼠脚内核对脚桥核神经元放电的影响

目的:观察电刺激大鼠脚内核(EP)对大鼠脚桥核(PPN)神经元自发放电的影响,进一步探讨脑内电刺激治疗帕金森病(PD)的机制。方法:应用细胞外记录的方法观察不同频率电刺激(强度0.6 mA,波宽0.06 ms,时程5 s,频率5 Hz、10Hz、20Hz、50Hz、100Hz、150Hz、200Hz)大鼠EP对PPN神经元放电的影响。结果:实验记录了大鼠33个神经元的自发放电,其放电频率在3.6~52.2Hz之间,平均为(15.95±8.56)Hz;当刺激频率为100Hz时,抑制效应最显著(P<0.05)。结论:高频电刺激大鼠EP对PPN神经元自发放电的影响主要为抑制作用,提示高频刺激EP可通过抑制PPN神经元活动参与PD的治疗。     

电刺激红核对大鼠脊髓背角WDR神经元伤害性反应的影响

红核 (ＲＮ)作为锥体外系的一个重要核团 ,其主要功能是调节肌紧张和屈肌反射 ,但有文献报道红核与感觉调制有关 ,电刺激红核可以抑制猫脊髓背角神经元的活动。电刺激红核可以抑制猫下橄榄核神经元的感觉反应。近年来又有资料表明红核和伤害信息的处理有关 ,Ｐｒａｄｏ等以甩尾反射为痛指标发现电刺激红核产生的镇痛作用比中脑导水管周围灰质和黑质诱发的镇痛作用更强。刘敏芝等以甩尾反射为痛指标发现红核具有镇痛和加强电针镇痛的作用。到目前为止 ,在仅有的几篇关于红核参与伤害性信息的调制的研究中 ,以行为实验为主 ,本研究旨在以大鼠…     

化学刺激或电刺激大鼠穹窿下器官诱发的饮水行为和脑内c-fos表达

目的对化学刺激和电刺激穹窿下器官(subfornical organ, SFO)诱发的饮水量和脑内c-fos表达的结果是否不同进行比较. 方法向大鼠SFO内微量注射L-谷氨酸作为化学刺激,用恒流刺激SFO作为电刺激,记录诱发的1 h内饮水量,用免疫组化方法检测脑内Fos蛋白表达.结果电刺激和化学刺激SFO均能诱导相似的饮水行为,其诱饮率分别为75%和85.7%,1 h平均饮水量分别为(0.28±0.22) ml 和(0.31±0.15) ml ,明显高于各自的对照组(P<0.05),并均能使前脑的 11个脑区(终板血管器官, 正中视前核,室旁核,视上核,下丘脑外侧区,丘脑室旁核,联合核和中央内侧核,终纹床核,穹窿周背区和无名质)和后脑的4个脑区(最后区,孤束核,臂旁外侧核和中缝背核)相似的Fos蛋白表达.结论刺激SFO所诱导的饮水行为和脑内Fos蛋白表达是激活其神经元胞体的结果.     

跨颅电刺激对大鼠抑郁症的治疗作用

目的：探讨跨颅电刺激对大鼠抑郁症的治疗作用。方法：跨颅电刺激抑郁症大鼠左侧前额叶皮层,敞箱实验测定大鼠行为学变化,荧光法测定单胺类递质含量的变化。结果：跨颅直流电和低频脉冲电刺激后,大鼠敞箱实验中垂直和水平运动得分均较模型组显著升高（P〈0.05）;且大鼠左侧前额叶皮层和海马5-HT、NE含量较模型组显著升高（P〈0.05）,而前额叶皮层DA含量无显著变化（P〉0.05）。结论：直流电和低频脉冲电跨颅刺激左侧前额叶皮层,对抑郁症均有显著治疗作用。     

电针和伤害性刺激条件下Fos在大鼠一些递质免疫阳性触液神经元中的表达

在电针和伤害性刺激条件下,分别可在大鼠的脑室和脑表面软膜部位的ＤｙｎＡ、Ｍ－Ｅｎｋ、Ｓｐ。ＮＴ、ＧＡＢＡ、ＤＢＨ及５－ＨＴ免疫阳性的接触脑脊液神经元中观察到ｃ－ｆｏｓ原癌基因蛋白的表达。这些触液神经元有的位于管膜上皮浅表,有的位于上皮之间或下方,构成管膜上、管膜间或管膜下触液神经元,在室管膜间虽然也能观察到典型的双极神经元,但占多数为多极神经元,并且也能观察到含纤毛的柱状管膜上皮受膨体状神经终末的支配。     

Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Phosphoinositide Metabolism in Rat Sciatic Nerve In Vivo

The metabolism of phosphoinositides in rat sciatic nerves in vivo during electrical stimulation was studied. Nerves were prelabeled by injection of [2-3H]-myo-inositol alone for periods of 2 and 20 h or together with [32P]orthophosphate for 2 h and then electrically stimulated (100 Hz) for 5 or 20 min. Contralateral unstimulated nerve served as the control. When tritiated myo-inositol was used alone for prelabeling the nerves, approximately 6% and 14% of the label was incorporated into lipids after 2 h and 20 h, respectively. Both 5 and 20 min of electrical stimulation caused an insignificant change in the percentage of radioactivity recovered in lipids from the nerves prelabeled with either myo-inositol or with a mixture of myo-inositol and phosphate. The proportion of label associated with phosphoinositides of nerves prelabeled with myo-inositol for both 2 h and 20 h showed an increase in phosphatidyl-inositol-4-phosphate at the expense of phosphatidylinositol in stimulated nerves. Similar results were obtained with nerves prelabeled for 2 h with a mixture of [32P]orthophosphate and [2-3H]myo-inositol. No significant changes in the radioactivity associated with water-soluble inositol phosphates were found in stimulated versus control nerves.     

NCS-1 Expression in Rat Brain after Electroconvulsive Stimulation

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used as a treatment for mental disorder since 1930s, little progress has been made towards understanding the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic and adverse effects. The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of NCS-1 (neuronal calcium sensor 1, a protein that was found to be altered in post-mortem prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients) in striatum, cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of Wistar rats after acute or chronic electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS). Rats were submitted to a single stimulation (acute) or to a series of eight stimulations, applied one every 48 h (chronic). Animals were killed for collection of tissue samples at time zero, 30 min, 3, 12, 24 and 48 h after stimulation in the acute model and at the same time intervals after the last stimulation in the chronic model. Our results indicated that chronic ECS increased the expression of NCS-1 only in cerebellum. Such results on the expression of proteins involved in signaling pathways that are relevant for neuropsychiatric disorders and treatment, in particular ECT, can contribute to shed light on the mechanisms related to therapeutic and adverse effects.     

c-fos Expression in Gracilothalamic Tract Neurons after Electrical Stimulation of the Injured Sciatic Nerve in the Adult Rat

The number of c-fos protein-like immunoreactive (Fos-LI) cells in the gracile nucleus was determined after electrical stimulation at Aα/Aβ-fiber strength of the normal and of the previously injured sciatic nerve in adult rats. No Fos-LI cells were seen after electrical stimulation of the noninjured sciatic nerve, or after sciatic nerve injury without electrical stimulation. However, stimulation 21 days after sciatic nerve transection resulted in numerous Fos-LI cells in the ipsilateral gracile nucleus. Combined Fos immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling from the thalamus showed that the majority (76%; range = 70–80%) of the cells in the gracile nucleus that expressed Fos-LI after nerve injury projected to the thalamus. The results indicate that morphological, biochemical, and physiological alterations in primary sensory central endings and second-order neurons, which have earlier been demonstrated in the dorsal column nuclei after peripheral nerve injury, are accompanied by changes in the c-fos gene activation pattern after stimulation of the injured sciatic nerve. A substantial number of the c-fos-expressing neurons project to the thalamus.     

针刺结合功能性电刺激对急性脑卒中后吞咽困难患者吞咽功能的影响

目的:探索针刺结合功能性电刺激对急性脑卒中后吞咽困难患者吞咽功能的影响,以寻求一种更加有效的治疗方法。方法:选取2010年7月至2014年7月我院神经内科、急诊科收治的93例急性脑卒中后合并吞咽障碍的患者作为研究对象,随机分为三组,每组31例。三组在脑卒中常规药物治疗及吞咽康复训练的基础上,A组接受针刺治疗,B组接受功能性电刺激治疗,C组接受针刺联合功能性电刺激治疗。比较治疗前后洼田氏饮水试验评分及疗效。结果:治疗后三组评分均较治疗前下降,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05),且C组评分相比A、B组更低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);C组总有效率为93.5%,明显高于A组的67.7%和B组的74.2%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:针刺治疗联合功能性电刺激治疗卒中后吞咽障碍疗效显著,优于单纯针刺治疗及单纯功能电刺激治疗。     

Regional Distribution of Kininase in Rat Brain

Kininase activity, which inactivates kinins, was measured in seven regions of the rat brain (i.e., the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striatum, midbrain, hippocampus, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata), and in the spinal cord with a bioassay method using bradykinin as the substrate. Specific kininase activities in the cerebellum and striatum were higher than those in the other five regions or the spinal cord. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, which was measured fluorometrically using Hip-His-Leu as substrate, showed high activity in the striatum and cerebellum. These findings suggest that the presence of high concentrations of peptidases plays a role in the degradation of kinins and/or other peptides in these areas.     

适宜电刺激促进脂肪干细胞向神经方向分化

目的:研究不同强度电刺激对脂肪干细胞(adipose tissue-derived stem cells,ADSC)向神经元方向分化的作用。方法:在细胞电刺激室内对ADSCs进行电刺激(10Hz,1h),强度选用五个强度,分别为0 V/cm、0.5 V/cm、1.0 V/cm、3.0 V/cm、5.0 V/cm;电刺激后,对细胞进行流式凋亡检测及CCK-8活性检测,明确不同电刺激对ADSCs的影响;同时,应用免疫荧光染色、Western Blotting评估各组细胞神经特异性标志物microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP-2)与β-tubulin的表达情况。应用RT-PCR检测MAP-2、β-tubulin和neurofilaments 200(NF-200)的mRNA水平,评价不同强度电刺激对ADSCs其向神经方向分化的影响。结果:1V/cm的电刺激,未引起明显的细胞凋亡,同时促进了细胞增殖。此外,1V/cm电刺激后,细胞中的MAP-2和β-tubulin的免疫荧光染色强度及蛋白含量显著提高;MAP-2、β-tubulin和NF-200的mRNA及蛋白量显著提高。3V/cm及更高强度的电刺激可导致凋亡细胞数目显著增加。结论:强度为1V/cm的电刺激可促进脂肪干细胞的增殖,并促进其向神经方向分化,为神经损伤的治疗提供了新的可行方法。     

反复苯丙胺刺激对大鼠脑部蛋白羰基化的影响

目的:为了进一步研究苯丙胺神经毒性作用机制,我们对大鼠进行不同时长的反复苯丙胺刺激,检测大鼠部分脑区中蛋白羰基化的变化情况,我们的研究为苯丙胺的成瘾及治疗提供了新的理论依据。方法:分别对大鼠进行1d、3d、7d、10d及14d的苯丙胺反复刺激,进行旷场测试检测其活动量变化后,采用DNPH法检查的大鼠大脑前皮层、海马区、杏仁核三大脑区总蛋白的蛋白羰基化水平变化,探讨反复苯丙胺刺激对大鼠脑部蛋白羰基化的影响。结果:苯丙胺刺激7d及14d时,大鼠活动量出现了显著性增加,同时大鼠前皮层总蛋白的蛋白羰基化也出现了显著性增加,而海马区及杏仁核区域总蛋白的蛋白羰基化没有明显变化。结论:反复苯丙胺刺激能够增加大鼠活动量及大脑前皮层总蛋白蛋白羰基化水平。     

Regional Distribution of Calmodulin Activity in Rat Brain

Calmodulin activity in 68 discrete areas of rat brain, obtained by micropunch technique, was assessed by its capacity to activate a calmodulin-sensitive form of phosphodiesterase. In general, the activity of calmodulin was higher in the telencephalon, limbic system, and hypothalamus than in the mesencephalon, pons, cerebellum, and medulla. However, there were substantial differences in calmodulin activity in discrete nuclei of each region. The regional distribution of calmodulin activity in rat brain does not appear to correlate with that of any of the known putative neurotransmitters or peptides.     

生物反馈联合电刺激在女性盆底功能障碍性疾病治疗中的临床应用

目的:分析生物反馈联合电刺激对女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)的治疗效果。方法:选择2011年1月至2016年3月我院收治的1000例PFD患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,每组各500例。实验组给予生物反馈联合电刺激,对照组给予功能性电刺激治疗。比较两组治疗前后盆底肌肉肌力分级的变化,测定盆底功能相关指标的改善及患者治疗前后排尿情况。结果:治疗后2组盆底肌力分级均呈明显上升趋势(Z=52.587,37.581;P0.001),且观察组改善效果优于对照组(Z=27.588,P0.001);治疗后实验组盆底肌肉肌力正常率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x~2=68.323,P0.05);治疗后实验组最大收缩压、持续收缩压提升幅度较大,膀胱颈移动度明显减小,与对照组各项指标对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗后两组排尿情况均有所好转,实验组效果优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:生物反馈联合电刺激对女性PFD具有较好的效果,能提高患者盆底最大收缩压、持续收缩压,减小膀胱颈移动度,改善患者排尿功能。     

Distribution and Properties of Thiol S-Methyltransferase in Rat Brain

Microsomal thiol S-methyltransferase (TMT) of rat brain catalysed the methylation of dithiothreitol (Km = 84 microM) and other thiol compounds using S-adenosylmethionine as methyl donor (Km = 3.7 microM). With increasing polarity of thiol substrates there was a decrease in the maximal velocities of reaction and an increase in the apparent Km values. TMT was found to be unevenly distributed amongst various brain regions, with highest activities in the medulla oblongata and the hippocampus.