拟干酪乳杆菌发酵L-乳酸合成培养基的优化

为开发一种适合于乳酸发酵过程代谢流分析(MFA)的合成培养基,以拟干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus paracasei为对象,考察主要营养成分对其生长和乳酸合成的影响.在合成培养基的优化过程中,先确定了影响菌体生长和乳酸合成的主要营养物质及其浓度范围,针对葡萄糖、混合氛基酸、核苷类物质、维生素等生长因子、混合磷源、CaCO3六大类营养成分,使用正交试验法先后设计了六因素五水平和四因素三水平正交试验以及氨基酸梯度试验和氨基酸缺失试验,得到了最佳培养基组成(1L):葡萄糖80g、醋酸钠2g、吐温-80 1 mL、柠檬酸氢二铵1g、金属离子0.72g、混合氨基酸3.925g、核苷类物质0.15g、维生素等生长因子0.075g、混合磷源0g、CaC03 35g.以半合成培养基为对照,考察优化后的合成培养基对菌体生长和乳酸合成的影响.结果表明,菌体在合成培养基中的乳酸产量、产率均比半合成培养基中高.这些结果为L.paracasei的代谢流定量研究莫定了基础.     

3-Phenyllactic acid production by substrate feeding and pH-control in fed-batch fermentation of Lactobacillus sp. SK007

3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA), which is produced by some strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is a known antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum. Batch and fed-batch fermentation by the strain Lactobacillus sp. SK007 for PLA production have been reported. With batch fermentation without pH-control, PLA production yield was 2.42 g L⁻¹. When fed-batch fermentation by Lactobacillus sp. SK007 was conducted in 3 L initial volume with pH-control at 6.0 and intermittent feeding, which was developed after fermentation for 12 h and every 2 h with 120 mL 100 g L⁻¹ PPA phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) and 50 mL 500 g L⁻¹ glucose each time, PLA production yield reached 17.38 g L⁻¹. The final conversion ratio of PPA to PLA was 51.1%, and the PLA production rate was 0.241 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹. This indicated that PPA was the ideal substrate for PLA fermentation production, and fed-batch fermentation with intermittent PPA feeding and pH-control was an effective approach to improve PLA production yield.     

Optimization of a culture medium for xylanase production by Bacillus sp. using statistical experimental designs

The concentrations of oat spelt xylan, casein hydrolysate and NH4Cl in the culture medium for production of xylanase from Bacillus sp. I-1018 were optimized by means of response surface methods. The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the medium composition. The optimum composition of the nutrient medium was then easily determined by using a central composite design and was found to be 3.16g/l of xylan, 1.94g/l casein hydrolysate, 0.8g/l of NH4Cl. The xylanase production was increased by 135% when the strain was grown in the optimized medium compared to initial medium.     

Optimization of a culture medium for xylanase production by Bacillus sp. using statistical experimental designs

The concentrations of oat spelt xylan, casein hydrolysate and NH4Cl in the culture medium for production of xylanase from Bacillus sp. I-1018 were optimized by means of response surface methods. The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the medium composition. The optimum composition of the nutrient medium was then easily determined by using a central composite design and was found to be 3.16g/l of xylan, 1.94g/l casein hydrolysate, 0.8g/l of NH4Cl. The xylanase production was increased by 135% when the strain was grown in the optimized medium compared to initial medium.     

芽孢杆菌SK007的分类鉴定及其拮抗植物病原菌的功能分析

【背景】农业生产中,发掘和利用具有生防功能的微生物资源是保障粮食安全和提高作物产量的重要举措。【目的】明确土壤中芽孢杆菌SK007的分类地位,验证其对多种植物病原菌的拮抗作用,挖掘潜在的生防功能。【方法】通过16SrRNA基因和基因组分析方法确定分离菌株SK007的分类地位;采用平板对峙法研究该菌株对番茄灰霉病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、烟草赤星病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、马铃薯干腐病菌等植物病原菌的拮抗作用;采用AntiSMASH分析和预测菌株SK007的抗生素相关基因。【结果】基于16SrRNA基因、全基因组序列、平均核苷酸一致性和DNA同源性分析,结果表明菌株SK007属于Bacillus velezensis,并且具有产生脂肽类抗生素和聚酮类抗生素的基因,对多种植物病原真菌有较强的抗性。此外,菌株SK007基因组中抗生素基因簇数目较多,丰富度高。【结论】芽孢杆菌SK007在拮抗植物病原菌方面有许多优良性状,具有促进作物抗病和增产的潜力。     

Optimization of culture conditions and medium composition for the production of micrococcin GO5 by Micrococcus sp. GO5

To enhance the production of micrococcin GO5, a bacteriocin produced by Micrococcus sp. GO5, cultivation conditions and medium composition were optimized. The optimal initial pH and temperature for bacteriocin production were 7.0-9.0 and 37 degrees C, respectively. Micrococcus sp. GO5 displayed the highest micrococcin GO5 activity when grown in modified MRS medium that contained lactose or sucrose, rather than glucose, as a carbon source. The maximum bacteriocin activity was obtained in modified MRS medium containing 0.5% tryptone and 1.0% yeast extract as nitrogen sources instead of the other nitrogen sources present in MRS medium. Bacteriocin production was greatly affected by the concentration of K(2)HPO(4); strain GO5 produced eight-fold more bacteriocin in medium containing 2.0-2.5% K(2)HPO(4) than in medium containing 0.2% K(2)HPO(4). The optimal concentration of MgSO(4).7H(2)O for bacteriocin production was 0.5%. The production of micrococcin GO5 was increased 32-fold in shake flask culture and 16-fold in a bioreactor using the optimized medium (TY medium), compared with culturing in MRS medium.     

Statistical screening of medium components by Plackett-Burman design for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus sp. KCP01 using date juice

Statistical screening of media components for production of lactic acid by Lactobacillus sp. KCP01 using date juice as a sugar source was carried out by Plackett-Burman design. Date juice at 5% sugar concentration when used alone showed 2.6 g/l of lactic acid production. Increase in lactic acid production (15.1 g/l) was observed with supplementation of salts and organic nitrogen sources of MRS medium and after optimization of pH and temperature using date juice as a C-source. Plackett-Burman design showed peptone, K2HPO4, sodium acetate and date juice as significant components influencing the lactic acid production.     

Optimization of culture medium and growth conditions for production of L-arabinose isomerase and D-xylose isomerase by Lactobacillus bifermentans

Lactobacillus bifermentans was used to produce the intracellular enzymes L-arabinose isomerase and D-xylose isomerase. Various factors of cultivation (temperature, pH, or incubation period) and culture medium composition (mineral salts, carbon and nitrogen source) were studied to select the conditions that maximize production of these enzymes. Arabinose isomerase and xylose isomerase activities were 9.4 and 7.24 U/ml, respectively. They were highest at 9 h of cultivation in the optimized medium, 1.6 times higher than that in the basic MRS broth. The optimal medium composition and cultivation conditions were determined. On the other hand, the strain required for growth Tween 80 (1 g/l) and a source of inorganic nitrogen (e.g. ammonium citrate). The bacterium had no requirement for sodium acetate for both growth and production of isomerases. The production rate of enzymes was increased when metal ions were added and mainly manganese (2.5 mM).     

生物转化合成苯乳酸工程菌的培养条件优化

本研究旨在优化重组大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) harboring pRSF-aad-ldh10-fdh菌株的培养条件,获得高密的供生物转化苯丙氨酸为苯乳酸的细胞。实验考察了摇瓶发酵培养基碳源、氮源种类和浓度,3 L发酵罐中转速和通气量及恒速补料、DO-stat和pH-stat等不同分批补料策略对菌体密度的影响。结果表明,当碳源为4 g/L葡萄糖,氮源为24 g/L安琪酵母浸粉FM802,细胞干重最大可达9.24 g/L;当转速为400 r/min和通气量为1.5 vvm时,细胞干重最大可达10.18 g/L;以4 g/(L·h)恒速流加葡萄糖时,细胞干重最大可达13.71 g/L。本研究还对工程菌酶表达的诱导条件进行了优化,菌体培养2 h后,添加终浓度为0.08 mmol/L IPTG诱导剂,在25℃下诱导培养14 h所得细胞有利于生物转化。底物苯丙氨酸浓度为60 g/L,转化为苯丙酮酸的转化率为50.2%,转化为苯乳酸的转化率为35.2%。     

假单胞菌属No.2120生产D-甘露糖异构酶发酵培养基的优化

通过单因子实验、Plackett-Burman实验设计、响应面分析法对假单胞菌属No.2120产D-甘露糖异构酶的培养基进行优化,确定发酵优化条件:果糖15.26 g/L,牛肉膏20 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,K2HPO42 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.5 g/L,NaCl 0.5 g/L,Tween-80 1.54 g/L。采用优化配方异构酶比酶活可以达到68.28 U/mL。     

Lactic acid production from sugar-cane juice by a newly isolated Lactobacillus sp.

A newly isolated sucrose-tolerant, lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus sp. strain FCP2, was grown on sugar-cane juice (125 g sucrose l⁻¹, 8 g glucose l⁻¹ and 6 g fructose l⁻¹) for 5 days and produced 104 g lactic acid l⁻¹ with 90% yield. A higher yield (96%) and productivity (2.8 g l⁻¹ h⁻¹) were obtained when strain FCP2 was cultured on 3% w/v (25 g sucrose l⁻¹, 2 g glucose l⁻¹ and 1 g fructose l⁻¹) sugar-cane juice for 10 h. Various cheap nitrogen sources such as silk worm larvae, beer yeast autolysate and shrimp wastes were also used as a substitute to yeast extract.     

Optimization of culture medium for aroma production byCeratocystis fimbriata

Summary The fungusCeratocystis fimbriata is known to produce among others a banana-like aroma. With a fractional factorial experimental design a culture medium was optimized to produce characteristic volatile metabolites of this aroma. HPLC was used to separate and quantify some of the metabolites. This showed the influence of the composition of the basal culture medium. It is not yet possible to correlate these results with sensorial evaluation.     

种子培养基成分对裂殖壶菌发酵产DHA的影响

考察种子培养基中谷氨酸钠质量浓度和NaCl质量浓度（盐度）对Schizochytrium sp. HX-308菌种质量及发酵性能的影响。结果表明：40 g/L谷氨酸钠条件下培养菌种,发酵后DHA质量分数达到（53.25±0.48）%,而其油产量、油脂质量分数和DHA产量分别为（24.9±0.4）g/L、（45.2±0.6）%、（8.6±0.35）g/L; 利用不含谷氨酸钠的种子培养基发酵,其油产量、油脂质量分数和DHA产量分别为（30.1±0.8）g/L、（54.3±0.5）%、（12.1±0.5）g/L,比含40 g/L谷氨酸钠时分别提高了20.88%、20.13%和40.70%,为菌种驯化提供了新的思路和方向。此外,低盐度培养条件有利于菌种生产性能的发挥,6.25 g/L NaCl条件下发酵后油质量分数、DHA产量及DHA质量分数最高,分别为（62.1±0.8）%、（10.0±0.3）g/L、（48.97±0.42）%。     

Growth and lactic acid production in batch culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a defined medium

To facilitate metabolic analysis, batch fermentations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus were carried out in a new defined medium. Biomass at 10.5 g/l and lactic acid at 67 g/l with a YP/S of 0.84 were achieved. The maximum specific growth rate and the average productivity were 0.49/h and 2.48 g/l.h, respectively. These are comparable to those of this organism and related organisms in complex media. Preliminary amino acid studies were also conducted, highlighting the importance of serine, asparagine, glutamine and cysteine. Kinetic analysis revealed that lactic acid production was predominantly growth-associated with growth associated and non-growth associated lactic acid constants of 0.389 mol/g-cell and 0.0025 mol/g-cell.h, respectively. Finally a kinetic model has been included to describe the fermentation of L. rhamnosus.     

琥珀酸放线杆菌发酵培养基的优化

对琥珀酸放线杆菌(Actinobacillus succinogenes)CGMCC1593发酵产生琥珀酸培养基的主要成分,及其含量进行优化。通过单因素试验,得出发酵培养基中葡萄糖、酵母膏和玉米浆的含量对产生琥珀酸有显著影响;采用响应面法(RSM),得出多元二次回归方程拟合的三种因素与琥珀酸含量间的函数关系,并根据优化结果与实验,CGMCC1593产琥珀酸达到41.69g/L。     

Improvement of L-lactic acid production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus sp

Aspergillus niger SL-09 and Lactobacillus sp. G-02 were used as a mixed culture in a 7-l fermentor to directly form L-lactic acid from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. The synthesis of inulinase and invertase from A. niger SL-09 was enhanced significantly by the inoculation of Lactobacillus sp. G-02 at 12h of culture, which reached 275.6 and 571.8 U/ml in 60 h, over 5-folds higher than that of the culture using single strain. In the following simultaneous saccharification and fermentation procedure, the highest L-lactic acid concentration of 120.5 g/l was obtained in 36 h of the fed-batch fermentation with high conversion efficiency of 94.5%.     

罗伊乳杆菌增殖培养基中碳源氮源的优化

目的提高罗伊乳杆菌的发酵活菌数,以提高发酵产率,降低生产成本。方法采用光电比浊法与活菌计数法,通过单因素试验和正交设计方法对罗伊乳杆菌的增殖培养基的碳源和氮源进行优化,并且绘制优化前后的生长曲线。结果罗伊乳杆菌增殖培养基中最佳的碳源、氮源种类与浓度为葡萄糖2.1%、蔗糖3.0%、牛肉膏1.5%、酵母粉1.4%,最佳的培养时间为10h。结论通过优化罗伊乳杆菌的增殖培养基,提高了发酵产率,降低了生产成本。     

Optimization of extracellular xylanase production by Dictyoglomus sp. B1 in continuous culture

The thermophilic, xylanolytic, anaerobic organism, Dictyoglomus sp. B1, was cultivated in batch and continuous cultures in media containing insoluble beech-wood xylan. The extracellular xylanase activity levels obtained for the two cultivation methods were compared. Experiments were performed separately to determine the optimum substrate concentration, dilution rate, pH and temperature for xylanase production. Maximum xylanase activity was found at a substrate concentration of 1.5 g xylan/l, a dilution rate of 0.112 h^–1, pH 8.0 and at 7°C. Different combinations of these optimum values were used in a 2³ factorial experiment to investigate whether an increase in the xylanase production/activity could be achieved. A maximum xylanase activity of 2312 U/l was found when fermentors were operated at 73°C with a substrate concentration of 1.5 g xylan/l, pH 8.0, and a dilution rate of 0.112 h^–1. Thus, the optimum xylanase activity in the factorial experiment was obtained when the conditions that gave the maximum xylanase activities in the individual experiments were combined. Optimum xylanase activity obtained in the 2³ factorial experiment was 6.2 times higher than the activity found in the initial batch culture (373 U/l) and 3.0 times higher than the activity of a batch culture (783 U/l) grown at the same optimum conditions as the factorial experiment. The higher specific xylanase activity (217 U/mg protein) found in the 2³ factorial experiment was 4.1 times higher than the specific activity in the initial batch culture (53 U/mg protein).