牙龈卟啉单胞菌分子生物学研究进展

牙龈卟啉单胞菌已公认为是牙周炎的致病菌,它的一些表面结构诸如细胞外囊泡,菌毛,外膜蛋白,凝集素介导该菌对牙周组织粘附、定植,或作为毒性因子破坏牙周组织,随着分子生物学技术的发展,已对这些结构进行了分子克隆,本文拟就牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonasgingivalis)简称Pg)分子生物学进展作一简要综述。1　菌毛基因的分子克隆牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌毛作为该菌表面结构之一介导了该菌对牙周组织的粘附和定植。已纯化了41kda菌毛亚单位蛋白,并克隆了菌毛蛋白基因[1]。使用寡核苷酸M1和M2作为引物,采用PCR从9株Pg菌株中扩增了1.3kb的DNA片段,E…     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染通过激活NLRP3小体诱导牙周膜细胞炎症反应及凋亡效应

目的 观察牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染通过激活含NLR家族PYRIN域蛋白3(NLRP3)小体诱导人牙周膜细胞(hPDLCs)炎症反应及凋亡的效应。 方法 取健康前磨牙样本并分离培养hPDLCs,分为牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染的感染组和常规处理的对照组,检测细胞中NLRP3小体[NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Caspase)-1]、凋亡基因[自杀相关因子(Fas)、Fas配体(FasL)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关x蛋白(Bax)、Caspase-3]的表达量及培养基中炎症细胞因子[白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]的含量。 结果 感染组hPDLCs中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、Fas、FasL、Bax、Caspase-3的表达量及培养基中IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α的含量明显高于对照组,细胞中Bcl-2的表达量明显低于对照组。 结论 牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染能够诱导hPDLCs的炎症反应及凋亡且该作用与NLRP3小体的激活有关。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌蛋白酶及疫苗的研究进展

牙龈卟啉单胞菌 (P g) ,革兰阴性厌氧菌 ,是人类牙周炎的主要致病菌[1] 。动物实验表明它在小鼠、大鼠和灵长类动物的龈下定植与牙周炎的发生和进展相关。P g可以调整真核细胞信号转导途径 ,为了满足新陈代谢的需要 ,P g基因表达的调节可以控制在转录水平。证据表明 ,P g的感染会导致严重的全身系统疾病如心血管疾病和分娩早产儿。P g含有大量毒性因子[2 ] ,如菌毛 ,血凝素[3 ] ,脂多糖等 ,其中Arg、Lys样半胱氨酸蛋白酶在牙周致病作用中占据了一个重要地位 ,他们通过激活宿主前体酶 ,例如 :血纤维蛋白酶原 ,或通过暴露细胞隐位及改变血…     

天然药物对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的体外抗菌研究

目的 观察天然药物对牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis,P.gingivalis）生长的影响,筛选抗菌作用最强的天然药物。方法 选用7种天然药物,采用液体稀释法,结合吸光度测定以确定7种天然药物对P.gingivalis的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）与最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果 黄芩、三七、白芷、大黄、五倍子、血藤和川芎对P.gingivalis的MIC值分别为1、1、0.5、0.0156、1、0.5、0.125 mg/ml;MBC值分别为1、1、0.5、0.0625、1、1、0.25mg/ml。结论 7种天然药物对P.gingivalis的生长均表现出明显的抑制作用,大黄的抑菌作用最强,川芎其次。     

20种中药提取物对牙龈卟啉单胞菌抑制作用的体外研究

目的筛选评价20种中药提取物对牙龈卟啉单胞菌抑制作用。方法选择20种有较强抑菌作用及清热解毒作用的中药提取物,采用杯碟法进行体外抑菌试验,比较各中药对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抑菌环直径和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果水煎剂中黄连、乌梅、五味子、五倍子和黄芩的MIC为0.0488~1.5625mg/mL。油剂中丁香油、香薷油的MIC为0.3906~1.5625mg/mL。结论本实验选择的20种中药提取物中香薷油、黄连、乌梅、五味子、五倍子和黄芩的抑菌敏感度最高。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌相关致病因子的研究进展

牙龈卟啉单胞菌是一种生长于口腔内的革兰阴性厌氧茵.它能够利用脂多糖、荚膜多糖、菌毛、牙龈蛋白酶等一系列致病因子,侵袭局部牙周组织并逃避宿主的免疫防御机制,是诱发牙周炎的重要因素之一,引起了学者们的广泛关注.因此,探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌的致病因子对于牙周炎的防治具有重要意义.     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌血凝素2氯化血红素结合位点多肽对牙龈卟啉单胞菌生长抑制作用

目的探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌血凝素2（Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin-2,PgHA-2）的氯化血红素结合位点多肽对牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonasgingivalis,Pg）摄取氯化血红素生长的影响。方法合成多肽DHYAVMISK（肽1）,DEYAVMISK（肽2,肽1中第2位氨基酸突变为谷氨酸）,ALHPDHYLI（肽3,HA-2结合位点不相关多肽）。将肽l、肽2、肽3分别与氯化血红素琼脂糖珠预孵育,加入Pg重组血凝素2（Porphyromonas gingivalis recombinant HA-2,PgrHA-2）,收集与氯化血红素结合的PgrHA-2,SDS—PAGE电泳,分析多肽对PgrHA-2与氯化血红素结合的抑制作用。肽1、肽2、肽3与氯化血红素预孵育后,加入到CDC液体培养基中培养Pg,测定菌液A600值,分析多肽对Pg生长的抑制作用。结果肽1浓度依赖性抑制PgrHA-2与氯化血红素结合,而肽2和肽3对PgrHA-2与氯化血红素的结合无抑制作用。在24、48和72h时间点,肽1组的A600值较肽2、肽3和PBS组明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论本研究表明PgHA-2氯化血红素结合位点多肽DHYAVMISK与Pg竞争结合氯化血红素,抑制Pg的生长,为开发新的牙周病防治方法奠定基础。     

抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌血凝素2单克隆抗体的制备

目的制备抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)血凝素2(hemagglutinin-2,HA-2)的单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,mAb)。方法用重组HA-2(recombinant HA-2,rHA-2)免疫BALB/C小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合,间接ELISA方法筛选杂交瘤细胞.用ELISA方法测效价。结果获得1株能够高效识别rHA-2的mAb,命名为4F11。此单克隆抗体的免疫球蛋白亚类为IgG1,效价达1?106。结论成功制备了重组牙龈卟啉单胞菌血凝素2的单克隆抗体mAb.将进一步用于牙龈卟啉单胞菌的诊断,并为牙周疾病的治疗研究奠定基础。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌酪氨酸激酶致病性的分子机制

目的 探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis,P. gingivalis）酪氨酸激酶（Ptk1)致病性的分子机制。方法 采用重组PCR技术构建P. gingivalis野生菌株ATCC 33277的Ptk1单基因缺失的突变菌株（ΔPtk1），通过Real-time PCR技术检测并比较参与调控P. gingivalis（野生型P. gingivalis ATCC 33277与突变型ΔPtk1）细胞外多糖（extracellular polysaccharides,EPS）合成的转录因子SinR的表达情况，同时采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察Ptk1缺失的突变菌株与野生型菌株EPS的形成情况，最后通过ELISA试剂盒检测并比较Ptk1缺失的突变菌株与野生型菌株白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)表达情况。结果 与野生菌株P. gingivalis ATCC 33277比较，Ptk1单基因缺失的突变菌株转录因子SinR的表达量没有显著变化（t=–1.572,P>0.05）;ELISA检测发现，Ptk1单基因缺失的突变菌株IL-1β的表达量较野生型菌株显著下降，差异有统...     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌及其细胞外膜泡多克隆抗体的比较研究

分别制备牙龈卟啉单胞菌４７Ａ－ １ 及其膜泡的多克隆抗体,并用间接免疫荧光法对６７ 个临床标本进行检测。结果经统计学检验,两种抗体显著相关,Ｐ＜ ０．０１ ,符合率为８２．１ ％ ;膜泡抗体的检出率高于菌体抗体,Ｐ＜０．０５ ;膜泡抗体相对于菌体抗体的敏感性为９３．５ ％ 。膜泡抗体与牙龈卟啉单胞菌以外的其他口腔细菌无交叉反应,说明膜泡抗体的特异性较强。     

Kinetic analysis of PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase from Porphyromonas gingivalis

We have previously cloned the gene encoding a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFK), designated PgPFK, from Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral anaerobic bacterium implicated in advanced periodontal disease. In this study, recombinant PgPFK was purified to homogeneity, and biochemically characterized. The apparent K(m) value for fructose 6-phosphate was 2.2 mM, which was approximately 20 times higher than that for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. The value was significantly greater than any other described PFKs, except for Amycolatopsis methanolica PFK which is proposed to function as a fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase). The PgPFK appears to serves as FBPase in this organism. We postulate that this may lead to the gluconeogenic pathways to synthesize the lipopolysaccharides and/or glycoconjugates essential for cell viability.     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌影响牙龈上皮细胞miR1555p 通过JAK/STAR信号通路作用牙周炎的机制

目的 通过生物信息学对GEO数据库进行分析筛选miRNA后运用分子生物学手段验证并对机制进行深入探讨,为未来牙周炎治疗的生物标志物筛选及靶向治疗提供理论依据。 方法 通过生物信息学分析GEO数据库发现牙周炎患者中差异表达的miRNA。在DIANA生信预测网站中发现了与JAK/STAT信号传导方式有关的miRNA。随后,TargetScan被用于预测miRNA的靶mRNA,该mRNA不仅在牙周炎中差异表达,而且与JAK/STAT信号传导有关。利用基因集富集分析(GSEA)寻找与JAK/STAT信号转导途径紧密相关的基因集。通过实时定量PCR(qRTPCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测在牙周炎中差异表达并与JAK/STAT信号有关的miRNA和mRNA的表达。通过免疫组织化学(IHC)观察组织中IL6ST的表达。通过双重荧光素酶测定法证实了miRNA和mRNA之间的关系。此外,采用细胞内氧化活性氧红色荧光检测试剂盒检测活性氧(ROS)的变化。 结果 在牙周炎患者中,与正常组织比较,MiR1555p被下调,mRNA IL6ST被上调且差异均具有统计学意义(t=9.188 7、2.852 1,P=0.000 6、0.015 7)。与对照组比较,miR1555p在P.gingivalis处理组表达情况出现明显下降且IL6ST在处理后表达量出现明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.125 3、1.852 0,P=0.013 5、0.015 7)。miR1555p具有IL6ST 3′非翻译区的靶结合位点。通过过表达miR1555p能够明显抑制JAK/STAT信号通路pSTAT3、pJAK2、IL6ST蛋白的表达(t=1.924 8、2.530 8、3.107 5,P=0.023 1、0.011 6、0.010 0)。感染牙龈卟啉单胞菌后,细胞中的ROS产生增加(t=3.051 2、9.632 7,均P结论 牙龈卟啉单胞菌可抑制miR1555p表达,激活GECs中的JAK/STAR信号,促进牙周炎的发生和发展。     

Quantitative proteomics of intracellular Porphyromonas gingivalis

Whole-cell quantitative proteomic analyses were conducted to investigate the change from an extracellular to intracellular lifestyle for Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen associated with periodontal disease. Global protein abundance data for P. gingivalis strain ATCC 33277 internalized for 18 h within human gingival epithelial cells and controls exposed to gingival cell culture medium were obtained at sufficient coverage to provide strong evidence that these changes are profound. A total of 385 proteins were overexpressed in internalized P. gingivalis relative to controls; 240 proteins were shown to be underexpressed. This represented in total about 28% of the protein encoding ORFs annotated for this organism, and slightly less than half of the proteins that were observed experimentally. Production of several proteases, including the classical virulence factors RgpA, RgpB, and Kgp, was decreased. A separate validation study was carried out in which a 16-fold dilution of the P. gingivalis proteome was compared to the undiluted sample in order to assess the quantitative false negative rate (all ratios truly alternative). Truly null (no change) abundance ratios from technical replicates were used to assess the rate of quantitative false positives over the entire proteome. A global comparison between the direction of abundance change observed and previously published bioinformatic gene pair predictions for P. gingivalis will assist with future studies of P. gingivalis gene regulation and operon prediction.     

Purification and partial characterization of a lysine-specific protease of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract A lysine-specific protease hydrolysing peptide bonds at the carboxyl side of lysine residues in Porphyromonas gingivalis was purified from culture supernatant by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography. The molecular mass was 48 kDa and the p I value was 7.3. The enzyme hydrolysed the peptide bonds at the carboxyl side of lysine residues in synthetic substrates and natural proteins.     

Intra- and inter-individual comparison of Porphyromonas gingivalis genotypes

Abstract Genetic analysis of 31 clinical strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from nine subjects, 2–6 strains per subject, was performed by Southern hybridization. Chromosomal DNA was extracted by the method of Moncla et al. [1] and digested to completion with restriction endonucleases Pst I, Cla I and Bgl I. The DNA fragments were separated electrophoretically on agarose gels, transferred to nylon membranes and hybridized to the non-radioactively labelled plasmid pKK 3535 which contains the rrn B ribosomal RNA operon of the Escherichia coli chromosome. Of the three enzymes, Bgl I was the most suitable for the genetic analysis of P. gingivalis . With this enzyme, the intra-individual strains were shown to be identical in eight of the nine subjects, whereas inter-individual strains were different.     

Osteoprotegerin protects endothelial cells against apoptotic cell death induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis cysteine proteinases

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis during the progression of periodontitis. Recent reports suggest that osteoprotegerin may also prevent arterial calcification and contribute to endothelial cell survival. To determine whether the vascular functions of osteoprotegerin are involved in periodontitis, we examined whether osteoprotegerin contributed to the survival of endothelial cells damaged by Porphyromonas gingivalis cysteine proteinases (gingipains). Gingipain proteinases cleave a broad range of host proteins, and are important virulence factors of P. gingivalis, a major causative bacterium of adult periodontitis. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) were exposed to activated gingipain extracts from P. gingivalis 381, with and without pretreatment with osteoprotegerin. Cell viability was quantified by the tetrazolium (WST-8) reduction assay, and apoptosis was examined using Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining. After 16 h of treatment with activated gingipain extracts, HMVEC showed near-complete detachment from the tissue culture dish, and apoptosis was evident by 24 h. Pretreatment of HMVEC with osteoprotegerin reduced the extent of both cellular detachment and apoptotic cell death. Our results indicated that osteoprotegerin pretreatment protected HMVEC against detachment and apoptotic cell death induced by gingipain-active bacterial cell extracts. These results also suggest that osteoprotegerin may function as a survival factor for endothelial cells during periodontitis.