齿棱茎小蒜-中国新记录种

Allium inutile Makino in Bot.Mag.Tokyo 12：104.1898．- Nothoscordum inutile(Makino)kitamura in Bot.Mag.Tokyo 59：35.1946．     

广西赤车属和楼梯草属杂记

<正> 赤车属Pellionia Gaud. 赤车组Sect. Pellionia 赤车系Ser. Radicantes W. T. Wang 小赤车 Pellionia minima Makino in Bot. Mag, Tokyo 23:85(1909); W. T. Wang in Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East. Forest, Inst. 6:58(1980)——Elatostema radicans var. minimum(Makino)H. Schrter in Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih, 83(2):88     

我国一些唇形科植物学名更动

根据《国际植物命名法则》第11.3条精神:对属级之下的任一分类单位,其正确名称是同一等级中最早的、可用的合法加词与其归隶的那一属或种的正确名称的组合。《中国植物志——唇形科》有数处是不符合此精神,今特加以改正如下: 1.小叶地笋 Lycopus cavaleriei Lvl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 423. 1910——L. coreanus Lvl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 423. 1910, p.p.excl. Taquet 1494.——L. maackianus (Maxim.) Kom. var. ramosissimus Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 12: 117. 1898.——L. ramosissimus (Makino) Makino in Journ. Jap. Bot. 1 (4): 14. 1917, s.1.; McKean in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 40 (1): 168. 1982.——L. europaeus L. var. sinensis Lvl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 423. 1910.——L. coreanus Lvl. var. cavaleriei (Lvl.) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 66: 282. 1977.     

黑蛋巢菌属一中国新纪录种

中国黑蛋巢菌 中国新纪录 图1 Cyathus sinensis Imazeki Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 63:96, 1950 包被倒圆锥状,高5~6mm,宽3~5mm,基部有菌丝垫,红褐色,絮状;壁3层,厚140μm,中间层泡状, 厚70μm,内外两层均由直径2~3μm、壁厚0.4~0.8μm的菌丝所组成;外侧褐色,不具条纹,由直径4~1     

中国苧麻属校订(续)

组5.大叶苧麻组 Sect Duretia Bl.Mus.Bot.Lugd.-Bat.2:212.1856,p.p.——subgen.Duretia(Bl.)Satake in Journ.Fac.Sci.Univ.Tokyo,sect.Ⅲ,4:478.1936,p.p. Frutex,suffrutex vel herba perennls.Folia opposita,raro subverticillatavel nonnula alternata.Glomeruli in spicam vel paniculam hand foliiferamdispositi.Flores masculini subsessiles vel breviter pedicellati,(tri-)tetrameri.     

秃疮花属二新种

宽果秃疮花 新种 图1,1—4 Dicranostigma platycarpum C.Y.Wu et H.Chuang,sp.nov. Chelidonium dicranostigma Prain in Ann.Bot.Gard.Calcutta IX,2:7,t.9.1901,nom.illegit.,non Chelidonium dicranostigma Prain in Bull.Herb.Boiss.Ⅲ:585.1895;Dicranostigma lactucoides Fedde in Engl.Pfl.-reich.211.1909,p.p.quoad.specim.Austro-Tibet.     

中国苔类植物一新记录属——假带叶苔属

在研究安徽苔藓植物区系过程中,发现一中肋部分具双输导束的假带叶苔属植物。这是一个单种属,原仅在日本有过报道,故为我国新记录,现报道如下。 假带叶苔属 Hattorianthus Schust. & Inoue, Bull. Natn. Sei. Mus. Tokyo, Ser. B. (Bot.) 1 (3): 1 (3): 103, 1975. 植物体黄绿色,基部及中肋部分黄褐色;叶状体,基部柄状,直立或倾斜生长,宽4—7mm,长20—35mm,边缘略波曲;中肋部分上平下凸,横切面高15—17细胞,具     

云南美登木属植物新资料

檗状美登木 新组合 Maytenus berberoides(W.W.Sm.)S.J.Pei et Y.H.Li,comb.nov. Celastrus emarginata Franch,Pl.Delav.131.1890,non Roth. —Gymnosporia berberoides W.W.Sm.in Not.Bot.Gard.Edin.10:38 1917—G.berberoides W.W.Sm.var.glabra Loes.in Diels Notizbl 13:2191938,svn.nov.     

云南楼梯草属小志(英文)

Elatostema integrifolium (D. Don) Wedd. var. tomentosum (Hook. f.) W. T. Wang, comb. nov.——E. sesquifolium (BI)Hassk. var. tomentoaum Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5:565 (1888); W. T. Wang in Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East. Forest. Inst. 7:84(1980).     

云南杜鹃花属的新种和新变种

毛柱马缨花 新变种 Rhododendron delavayi Fr.var.Pilostylum K.M.Feng,var.nov. A var.delavayi abhorret stylis ab apice usque ad basim floccosis. Yunnan:Guangnan Xian,Ganbazi,alt.1550m,in collibus calcareis,fr-utice 2m alto,fl.rubro,Feb.1940,C.W.Wang 87289(Typus in KunmingInst.Bot.Acad.Sin.conservatur).     

Class 1 KNOX Gene Expression Supports the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Selaginella</Emphasis> Rhizophore Concept

The spikemoss is marked by the unique root-producing pleurogeous rhizophore as well as the lycophytic microphyll. Imaichi and Kato (Bot Mag Tokyo 102:369–380, 1989; Am J Bot 78:1694–1703, 1991) revealed that the exogenous developmental process in the rhizophore is clearly distinguishable from the developmental process in the endogenous root, argued that the axial organ could be coordinate with other fundamental organs including the root and stem, and demonstrated the “rhizophore concept.” In this paper, we report on the expression pattern of the spikemoss Selaginella class 1 KNOX gene, SuKNOX1, in the rhizophore. We show that the SuKNOX1 mRNA is specifically accumulated at the tip of the rhizophore as well as the shoot apical apex, but not in the root tip. This result supports the “rhizophore concept” at the molecular level.     

Concerning the structure of cinerarin,a blue anthocyanin from garden cineraria

A purplish-blue anthocyanin was isolated from the flower of garden cineraria (Senecio cruentus DC.). The pigment retains a stable blue color within the range of pH 3.5-7; but it differs in other characteristics from the known blue anthocyanins. This pigment is composed of delphinidin, glucose and caffeic acid in a molecular ratio of 1∶3∶2, respectively and is tentatively called “cinerarin”. The blue flower color of cineraria seems to be manifested solely by cinerarin, and it becomes likely that the caffeic acid involved in the molecule plays an essential role in the blueness of this pigment. Part LXV: Bot. Mag. Tokyo85: 303–306 (1972).     

Increase of cytokinin activity in detached etiolated cotyledons of squash after illumination

Cytokinins nullified the lag period of the formation of chlorophyllin detached etiolated cotyledons of squash (Cucurbita moschataDuch. var. melonaeformis Makino cv. Tokyo). One hour after illumination,cytokinin activity in detached cotyledons rapidly increasedand maintained a certain level for another hour. ¹ Present address: Department of Enviromental Studies, Collegeof Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima730, Japan. (Received November 25, 1976; )     

Dormancy in Dioscorea: Rapid Germination of Detached Embryos from Dormant Seeds of D. tokoro

The intact dormant seeds of Dioscorea tokoro germinate slowlyif at all between 11-23°C; for full and rapid germinationthey require prior chilling treatment [Okagami and Kawai (1982)Bot. Mag. Tokyo 95: 155]. The germination abilities of zygoticembryos detached from dormant seeds of this species were studiedunder various nutritional and temperature regimes. For germinationof embryos, the minimum nutritional components in Murashigeand Skoog's (1962) medium that were required were sucrose andNO^–₃ or SO^2–₄. As the source of carbohydrate forgermination of detached embryos, sucrose, mannose and maltosewere effective; glucose and fructose were less effective; andrhamnose was entirely unable to support germination. Embryos detached from dormant seeds, incubated with the sucroseplus KNO₃, germinated more rapidly with increasing temperatureup to 35°C. However, application of sucrose and KNO₃ didnot induce germination of intact seeds above 26°C. Therefore,it is very possible that the endosperm exerts an inhibitoryfunction on germination at such high temperatures. When seeds were incubated after a cut was made over a smallpart of the edge of the endosperm in which the radicle of theembryo is encased, germination occurred rapidly but the increasein germination percentage was slight. This result suggests thatthe endosperm suppots part of the germination inhibition bymeans of a mechanical barrier or its impermeability to wateror gases. Physiological features of the endosperm alone or interactionsbetween the embryo and endosperm may contribute significantlyto the characteristics of dormancy of intact seeds of this species. (Received May 30, 1988; Accepted January 11, 1989)     

A simple and rapid method for isolation of reduced carbohydrate fragments from the linkage region of cartilage keratan sulphate.

The method described is a simple and rapid procedure for isolation in high yield of carbohydrate fragments containing terminal galactosaminitol derived from the polysaccharide-protein linkage region of cartilage keratan sulphate. It is based on the observation that reducing sugars bind tightly to Dowex-1 resin (hydroxide form), whereas reduced analogues (sugar alcohols) do not [H. Yamaguchi, S. Inamura & K. Makino (1976) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 79, 299-303].     

Biology of long slender land planarians (Turbellaria) in Tokyo and environs

The common short-bodied species of Bipalium does not fragment, but individuals of two newly discovered long-bodied species — B. nobile Kawakatsu & Makino, 1982, and B. multilineatum Makino & Shirasawa, 1983 — do regularly fission, usually behind the mouth or genital pore. Some experimental regenerates of these species form rings by adhesion of the anterior with the posterior cut surface. We found two other forms of Bipalium, perhaps representing a further two species, in Hino City, Tokyo, in 1983; and we have preliminarily arranged the forms of Bipalium known in the region into four groups distinguished on the basis of body coloring, position of the mouth, and structure of the copulatory organ.     

Substrate specificity and sequence-dependent activity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (Mag)

DNA glycosylases initiate base excision repair by first binding, then excising aberrant DNA bases. Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a 3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA glycosylase, Mag, that recognizes 3MeA and various other DNA lesions including 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilon A), hypoxanthine (Hx) and abasic (AP) sites. In the present study, we explore the relative substrate specificity of Mag for these lesions and in addition, show that Mag also recognizes cisplatin cross-linked adducts, but does not catalyze their excision. Through competition binding and activity studies, we show that in the context of a random DNA sequence Mag binds epsilon A and AP-sites the most tightly, followed by the cross-linked 1,2-d(ApG) cisplatin adduct. While epsilon A binding and excision by Mag was robust in this sequence context, binding and excision of Hx was extremely poor. We further studied the recognition of epsilon A and Hx by Mag, when these lesions are present at different positions within A:T and G:C tracts. Overall, epsilon A was slightly less well excised from each position within the A:T and G:C tracts compared to excision from the random sequence, whereas Hx excision was greatly increased in these sequence contexts (by up to 7-fold) compared to the random sequence. However, given most sequence contexts, Mag had a clear preference for epsilon A relative to Hx, except in the TTXTT (X=epsilon A or Hx) sequence context from which Mag removed both lesions with almost equal efficiency. We discuss how DNA sequence context affects base excision by various 3MeA DNA glycosylases.     

Flavonoids in the leaves ofTrillium undulatum willdenow

Three flavonol glycosides were identified in the leaves ofTrillium undulatum. The main glycoside was kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-O-[α-rhamnosyl-(1→6)]-β-glucoside; the glycosidic sugars and their linkage pattern were quite different from those of the leaf flavonoids ofT. tschonoskii, T. apetalon, T. Kamtschaticum, T. erectum andT. grandiflorum. Two minor compounds were kaempferol/quercetin 3-O-rutinoside. Part 2 in the series “Studies of the flavonoids of genusTrillium”. For Part 1, see Yoshitamaet al., (1992) Bot. Mag. Tokyo105: 555.     

Non-productive DNA damage binding by DNA glycosylase-like protein Mag2 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains two paralogous proteins, Mag1 and Mag2, related to the helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) superfamily of alkylpurine DNA glycosylases from yeast and bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of related proteins from four Schizosaccharomyces and other fungal species shows that the Mag1/Mag2 duplication is unique to the genus Schizosaccharomyces and most likely occurred in its ancestor. Mag1 excises N3- and N7-alkylguanines and 1,N⁶-ethenoadenine from DNA, whereas Mag2 has been reported to have no detectible alkylpurine base excision activity despite high sequence and active site similarity to Mag1. To understand this discrepancy we determined the crystal structure of Mag2 bound to abasic DNA and compared it to our previously determined Mag1–DNA structure. In contrast to Mag1, Mag2 does not flip the abasic moiety into the active site or stabilize the DNA strand 5′ to the lesion, suggesting that it is incapable of forming a catalytically competent protein–DNA complex. Subtle differences in Mag1 and Mag2 interactions with the DNA duplex illustrate how Mag2 can stall at damage sites without fully engaging the lesion. We tested our structural predictions by mutational analysis of base excision and found a single amino acid responsible at least in part for Mag2's lack of activity. Substitution of Mag2 Asp56, which caps the helix at the base of the DNA intercalation loop, with the corresponding serine residue in Mag1 endows Mag2 with ?A excision activity comparable to Mag1. This work provides novel insight into the chemical and physical determinants by which the HhH glycosylases engage DNA in a catalytically productive manner.     

The relationship between transpiration and chlorophyll synthesis in etiolated squash cotyledons

Etiolated cotyledons of squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch. var.melonaeformis Makino cv. Tokyo) treated with kinetin, KCl orfusicoccin in the dark increased both transpiration in the darkand chlorophyll synthesis after exposure to light. The minimumperiod of kinetin treatment to stimulate transpiration was similarto that to accelerate chlorophyll synthesis. On the other hand,treatment of cotyledons with vaseline or abscisic acid markedlyinhibited both transpiration and chlorophyll synthesis, suggestingthat cytokinin-induced stimulation of chlorophyll synthesiscould be mediated through the effect on the stomatal opening. (Received December 7, 1977; )